90 research outputs found
On the symmetries of BF models and their relation with gravity
The perturbative finiteness of various topological models (e.g. BF models)
has its origin in an extra symmetry of the gauge-fixed action, the so-called
vector supersymmetry. Since an invariance of this type also exists for gravity
and since gravity is closely related to certain BF models, vector supersymmetry
should also be useful for tackling various aspects of quantum gravity. With
this motivation and goal in mind, we first extend vector supersymmetry of BF
models to generic manifolds by incorporating it into the BRST symmetry within
the Batalin-Vilkovisky framework. Thereafter, we address the relationship
between gravity and BF models, in particular for three-dimensional space-time.Comment: 29 page
New BPS Solitons in 2+1 Dimensional Noncommutative CP^1 Model
Investigating the solitons in the non-commutative model, we have
found a new set of BPS solitons which does not have counterparts in the
commutative model.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX2e, references added, improvements to discussions,
Version to be published in JHE
Lost equivalence of nonlinear sigma and models on noncommutative space
We show that the equivalence of nonlinear sigma and models which is
valid on the commutative space is broken on the noncommutative space. This
conclusion is arrived at through investigation of new BPS solitons that do not
exist in the commutative limit.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX2
Superconformal theories from Pseudoparticle Mechanics
We consider a one-dimensional Osp() pseudoparticle mechanical model
which may be written as a phase space gauge theory. We show how the
pseudoparticle model naturally encodes and explains the two-dimensional zero
curvature approach to finding extended conformal symmetries. We describe a
procedure of partial gauge fixing of these theories which leads generally to
theories with superconformally extended -algebras. The pseudoparticle
model allows one to derive the finite transformations of the gauge and matter
fields occurring in these theories with extended conformal symmetries. In
particular, the partial gauge fixing of the Osp() pseudoparticle
mechanical models results in theories with the SO() invariant -extended
superconformal symmetry algebra of Bershadsky and Knizhnik. These algebras are
nonlinear for We discuss in detail the cases of and
giving two new derivations of the superschwarzian derivatives. Some comments
are made in the case on how twisted and topological theories represent a
significant deformation of the original particle model. The particle model also
allows one to interpret superconformal transformations as deformations of flags
in super jet bundles over the associated super Riemann surface.Comment: 36 pages, UTTG-93-00
Symmetries of topological field theories in the BV-framework
Topological field theories of Schwarz-type generally admit symmetries whose
algebra does not close off-shell, e.g. the basic symmetries of BF models or
vector supersymmetry of the gauge-fixed action for Chern-Simons theory (this
symmetry being at the origin of the perturbative finiteness of the theory). We
present a detailed discussion of all these symmetries within the algebraic
approach to the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism. Moreover, we discuss the general
algebraic construction of topological models of both Schwarz- and Witten-type.Comment: 30 page
Topological 2-form Gravity in Four Dimensions
A kind of topological field theory is proposed as a candidate to describe the
global structure of the 2-form Einstein gravity with or without a cosmological
constant. Indeed in the former case, we show that a quantum state in the
candidate gives an exact solution of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. The BRST
quantization based on the Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky (BFV) formalism is carried
out for this topological version of the 2-form Einstein gravity.Comment: 15 page
A Superspace Formulation of The BV Action for Higher Derivative Theories
We first analyze the anti-BRST and double BRST structures of a certain higher
derivative theory that has been known to possess BRST symmetry associated with
its higher derivative structure. We discuss the invariance of this theory under
shift symmetry in the Batalin Vilkovisky (BV) formalism. We show that the
action for this theory can be written in a manifestly extended BRST invariant
manner in superspace formalism using one Grassmann coordinate.
It can also be written in a manifestly extended BRST invariant manner and
on-shell manifestly extended anti-BRST invariant manner in superspace formalism
using two Grassmann coordinates.Comment: accepted for publication in EPJ
Non Abelian Vortices as Instantons on Noncommutative Discrete Space
There seems to be close relationship between the moduli space of vortices and
the moduli space of instantons, which is not yet clearly understood from a
standpoint of the field theory. We clarify the reasons why many similarities
are found in the methods for constructing the moduli of instanton and vortex,
viewed in the light of the notion of the self-duality. We show that the
non-Abelian vortex is nothing but the instanton in from a
viewpoint of the noncommutative differential geometry and the gauge theory in
discrete space. The action for pure Yang-Mills theory in
is equivalent to that for Yang-Mills-Higgs theory in .Comment: 19 pages, various arguments are added, the exposition is improve
Sum-over-histories origin of the composition laws of relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum cosmology
The scope of the paper has been broadened to include a more complete
discussion of the following topics: The derivation of composition laws in
quantum cosmology. The connection between the existence of a composition law in
the sum over histories approach to relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum
cosmology, and the existence of a canonical formulation.Comment: 36 page
3D collagen migration patterns reveal a SMAD3-dependent and TGF-β1-independent mechanism of recruitment for tumour-associated fibroblasts in lung adenocarcinoma
The TGF-β1 transcription factor SMAD3 is epigenetically repressed in tumour-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) from lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but not adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients, which elicits a compensatory increase in SMAD2 that renders SCC-TAFs less fibrotic. Here we examined the effects of altered SMAD2/3 in fibroblast migration and its impact on the desmoplastic stroma formation in lung cancer.We used a microfluidic device to examine descriptors of early protrusions and subsequent migration in 3D collagen gels upon knocking down SMAD2 or SMAD3 by shRNA in control fibroblasts and TAFs.High SMAD3 conditions as in shSMAD2 fibroblasts and ADC-TAFs exhibited a migratory advantage in terms of protrusions (fewer and longer) and migration (faster and more directional) selectively without TGF-β1 along with Erk1/2 hyperactivation. This enhanced migration was abrogated by TGF-β1 as well as low glucose medium and the MEK inhibitor Trametinib. In contrast, high SMAD2 fibroblasts were poorly responsive to TGF-β1, high glucose and Trametinib, exhibiting impaired migration in all conditions.The basal migration advantage of high SMAD3 fibroblasts provides a straightforward mechanism underlying the larger accumulation of TAFs previously reported in ADC compared to SCC. Moreover, our results encourage using MEK inhibitors in ADC-TAFs but not SCC-TAFs.© 2022. The Author(s)
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