Cartoon Image of the Mother, Its Perception by Elementary School Students and Correction in the Process of Media Education

Received 11 June 2021. Accepted 8 September 2021. Published online 11 October 2021.This article presents a psychological study of the mother image projected in cartoons and its perception by elementary school students. The research provides evidence for the importance of an integral approach to the analysis of media texts addressed to children, as well as for the necessity of considering their narrative, verbal, and descriptive components. A psychological analysis was conducted on the material of three cartoons: “Chunya” (USSR), “Barboskiny” [The Barkers] (Russia), and “Peppa Pig” (UK). Hypotheses were formulated about the potential influence of the cartoons on the younger audience. 70 elementary school students (χ = 9.5 years old) took part in the study. The research was conducted using the method of semantic differential; the data obtained were processed using factor analysis. The results show that the categorization of images follows the factors of “education”, “love”, “patience”, and “respect”. Differences in the semantic assessment of the cartoons under study are presented. Children perceive the events taking place in a cartoon directly, without reflection. Artistic mediation—polysemy, metaphors, and the category of the comic—does not evoke an aesthetic reaction in children, as assumed by the authors. It was found that the semantic assessment of the word “mother” by elementary school students did not agree with the traditional cultural status of a mother. Thus, the respondents ranked such indicators as “understanding” and “prestige” at a low level. A developmental experiment was conducted to correct the mother image as perceived by elementary school students. During the experimental program (8 lessons in total), the schoolchildren watched and discussed the cartoons together with a psychologist. At the end of the experiment, the semantic assessment of the verbal stimulus “mom” by the respondents showed a statistically significantly increase (р ≤ 0.05) in the indicators of “understanding” and “prestige”

Atorvastatin: old friend in the light of novel coronavirus infection’s pandemia

The COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2) continues to be a global threat to people and health systems. As of March 21, 2022, there are more than 460 million cases and more than 6 million deaths worldwide, and more than 17 million and 360,000 respectively in the Russian Federation. Due to the rapid spread of the new coronavirus infection, since the beginning of the pandemic, tremendous efforts have been made to create new pharmacological agents to reduce morbidity and mortality, and tactics have been used to repurpose existing medications in treatment regimens for patients with COVID-19, particularly statins. Statins represent one of the most widely used and prescribed classes of drugs in the world. The hypolipidemic properties of statins are actively used to treat hyperlipidemia and primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and their complications. Statins have a known safety profile, are inexpensive and accessible. In addition to their hypolipidemic effects, statins have a wide range of pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antithrombotic effects potentially useful in the treatment of COVID-19. Presumably, the use of statins can reduce SARS-CoV-2-induced organ and tissue damage and improve lung function. The use of statins, particularly atorvastatin, as one of the most effective, widely prescribed and studied drugs in this class, as a safe, affordable and relatively inexpensive therapy may be a promising therapeutic approach in the fight against a new coronavirus infection

Управление рисками безопасного использования высокоавтоматизированных транспортных средств в мегаполисе: системно-правовой анализ

The article presents the results of a scientific study of current issues of risk management associated with ensuring safe operation of unmanned vehicles, obtained by the authors as a result of implementation of the second stage of a scientific project supported by the Russian Science Foundation. The conclusions presented in the article are based on the results of a study of legal and organisational problems of ensuring the safe use of unmanned vehicles in a metropolis, carried out during the first stage of the project.The study confirmed the authors’ assumption that solving the problem of ensuring the safe use of unmanned vehicles is possible based on scientific research into the risks arising during their operation. It is substantiated that identification, differentiation, monitoring of risks determined by appearance of unmanned vehicles on highways is a necessary condition for development of a scientifically based system of legal measures of general and private prevention, including measures of legal liability for relevant offenses, based on categorisation of risks and threats of violation of mandatory requirements adopted to ensure transport safety and traffic management using this type of vehicle.The fundamental provisions are analysed and comprehended underlying the application of the risk­based approach in homogeneous and single-type social relations.В статье представлены результаты научного исследования актуальных вопросов управления рисками, связанными с обеспечением безопасной эксплуатации беспилотных автомобилей, полученные авторами в результатах реализации второго этапа научного проекта, поддержанного Российским научным фондом. Выводы, представленные в статье, основываются на результатах исследования правовых и организационных проблем обеспечения безопасного использования беспилотных автомобилей в условиях мегаполиса, осуществленного в период первого этапа проекта.В ходе исследования подтвердилось предположение авторов, что решение задачи обеспечения безопасного использования беспилотных автомобилей возможно на основе научного исследования рисков, возникающих при их эксплуатации. Обосновывается, что выявление, дифференциация, мониторинг рисков, детерминированных появлением на автомобильных дорогах беспилотных автомобилей, является необходимым условием для выработки научно обоснованной системы правовых мер общей и частной превенции, включающей меры юридической ответственности за соответствующие правонарушения, основанной на категорировании рисков и угроз нарушения обязательных требований, устанавливаемых в целях обеспечения безопасности на транспорте и организации дорожного движения с использованием такого рода транспортных средств.Проанализированы принципиальные положения, заложенные в основу применения риск-ориентированного подхода воднородных и одновидовых общественных отношениях

Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Fatty Acids for Biodiesel Production

This paper is devoted to the production of second generation biodiesel via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acids. Pd/C catalysts with different metal loading were used. The palladium catalysts were characterized using low-temperature nitrogen physisorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was revealed that the most active and selective catalyst was 1%-Pd/C which allowed reaching up 97.5% of selectivity (regarding to n-heptadecane) at 100% conversion of substrate. Moreover, the chosen catalyst is more preferable according to lower metal content that leads the decrease of the process cost. The analysis of the catalysts showed that 1%-Pd/C had the highest specific surface area compared with 5%-Pd/C. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reservedReceived: 31st July 2015; Revised: 9th December 2015; Accepted: 30th December 2015How to Cite: Stepacheva, A.A., Sapunov, V.N., Sulman, E.M., Nikoshvili, L.Z., Sulman, M.G., Sidorov, A.I., Demidenko, G.N., Matveeva, V.G. (2016). Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Fatty Acids for Biodiesel Production. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (2): 125-132 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.2.538.125-132)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.538.125-132Article Metrics: (click on the button below to see citations in Scopus)

Проблемные вопросы правового регулирования использования автомобилей с автоматизированной системой вождения

In the context of a fundamental change in the fundamental approaches to building a traffic management system, traditionally based on establishing the driver’s duty to ensure constant control over the traffic situation and, accordingly, presuming his responsibility for harm caused by a source of increased danger, the problem of legal regulation of the use of highly automated vehicles equipped with an automated driving system that does not provide for participation of the driver in the dynamic control of the car becomes not only relevant in theoretical, but also especially significant from practical aspects.The objective of the comprehensive study being conducted by the authors was to identify and visualise key groups of problems of legal regulation of the operation of cars with an automated driving system, to formulate proposals for their solution as part of a subsequent systemic legal study. This article is devoted to the results of consideration of the first block of the identified issues.Using the methods of the system-legal approach, formal-logical and formal-dogmatic analysis, the authors have identified the most problematic issues of legalising the terminology used in positive law and scientific sources. In particular, options for identifying the essential features of highly automated cars are proposed with the purpose to further legislatively determine the cars that should be classified as highly automated, to reveal which software and hardware complex can be considered an automated driving system, etc.Based on the results of solving the scientific problem, which consists in determining the directions for adapting the legislation governing the requirements for safety of vehicles and the procedure for their admission to operation for the needs of the widespread introduction of highly automated vehicles, the research can be carried out in two directions at the same time: to develop upper-level, essential requirements to safety and to develop specific, purely technical requirements for automated driving systems, as well as to develop a methodology for testing them.As a part of the taxonomic analysis carried out by the authors to determine, on a fundamentally new basis, the range of rights and obligations of the participants in the relations under the study, it is proposed to highlight the problem of distinguishing between situations in which the driver needs to take an active part in driving a car from situations in which he is not required to be actively involved. into this process.When considering issues of liability for harm caused by a car with an automated driving system, the article focuses on the need to solve the problem of balancing the responsibility of the car owner and the manufacturer, which can be facilitated by the application of methods of comparative legal analysis.В условиях коренного изменения принципиальных подходов к построению системы организации дорожного движения, традиционно основанной на установлении обязанности водителя обеспечивать постоянный контроль за дорожной обстановкой и, соответственно, презюмировании его ответственности за вред, причинённый источником повышенной опасности, проблема правового регулирования применения высокоавтоматизированных транспортных средств, оснащённых автоматизированной системой вождения, не предусматривающей участия водителя в динамическом управлении автомобилем, становится не только актуальной в теоретическом, но и особо значимой в практическом аспектах.Целями ведущегося авторами комплексного исследования стали выявление и визуализация ключевых групп проблем правового обеспечения использования автомобилей с автоматизированной системой вождения, формулирование предложений по их решению в рамках последующего системно-правового исследования. В данной публикации приведены результаты рассмотрения первого блока обозначенных вопросов.С использованием методик системно-правового подхода, формальнологического и формально-догматического анализа авторами определены наиболее проблемные вопросы легализации терминологии, используемой в позитивном праве и научных источниках. В частности, предложены варианты выявления сущностных признаков высокоавтоматизированных автомобилей в интересах последующего законодательного определения того, какие автомобили должны быть отнесены к высокоавтоматизированным, какой программно-аппаратный комплекс может считаться автоматизированной системой вождения и т.п.По результатам решения научной задачи, состоящей в определении направлений адаптации законодательства, регулирующего требования к безопасности транспортных средств и процедуру их допуска к эксплуатации к потребностям широкого внедрения высокоавтоматизированных автомобилей, авторами сделан вывод, что данная работа может вестись в двух направлениях одновременно: по разработке верхнеуровневых, сущностных требований к безопасности и по выработке точечных, сугубо технических требований к автоматизированным системам вождения, а также по разработке методологии их испытаний.В рамках осуществления таксономического анализа, осуществлённого авторами в целях определения круга прав и обязанностей участников исследуемых отношений предлагается особо выделить проблему разграничения ситуаций, в которых водителю необходимо принимать активное участие в управлении автомобилем, от ситуаций, в которых от него не требуется активного вовлечения в этот процесс.При рассмотрении вопросов ответственности за вред, причинённый автомобилем с автоматизированной системой вождения, делается акцент на необходимость решения проблемы баланса ответственности владельца автомобиля и изготовителя, чему может способствовать применение методов компаративно-правового анализа

Features of molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance pathogenesis in various tissues in obesity

Obesity is a chronic pathology, which experts of theWorld Health Organization regard as an epidemic, based on the high rates of annual growth in the proportion of the overweight population in almost all countries of the world. Obesity is the leading cause of tissue insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This disease is fraught with serious complications: the onset and aggravation of cardiovascular pathology, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the appearance of certain types of malignant neoplasms and dysfunctions of the reproductive system. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver play unique roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of the whole organism. These differences are due to the tissue-specificity of the intracellular signaling  pathways of insulin. This review presents the current literature data on the features of the molecular mechanisms responsible for disturbances in the conduction of regulatory insulin signals at the intracellular level in its main target organs in obesity. The data on the nature of disturbances  in interorgan metabolic flows caused by the growth of adipose tissue mass and their participation in the formation of insulin resistance in the liver and muscles are presented. The importance of  further in-depth study of the tissue features of the mechanisms of insulin resistance pathogenesis  for the development of new targeted pharmaceuticals that will serve to improve the complex drug correction of metabolic disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes is discussed

Micro-CT-based analysis of fibre-reinforced composites:Applications

The paper presents an overview of cases in which the analysis of the internal structure and mechanical properties of fibre reinforced composites is performed based on the micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT) reconstruction of the composite reinforcement geometry. In all the cases, the analysis relies on structure tensor-based algorithms for quantification of the micro-CT image, implemented in VoxTex software