Dendritic Cells From the Cervical Mucosa Capture and Transfer HIV-1 via Siglec-1

Altres ajuts: JM-P and NI-U are supported by the Spanish Secretariat of State of Research, Development and Innovation through grant SAF2016-80033-R. MG is supported by a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (CIG) from the European Commission and by the Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS), from the Catalan government.Antigen presenting cells from the cervical mucosa are thought to amplify incoming HIV-1 and spread infection systemically without being productively infected. Yet, the molecular mechanism at the cervical mucosa underlying this viral transmission pathway remains unknown. Here we identified a subset of HLA-DR+ CD14+ CD11c+ cervical DCs at the lamina propria of the ectocervix and the endocervix that expressed the type-I interferon inducible lectin Siglec-1 (CD169), which promoted viral uptake. In the cervical biopsy of a viremic HIV-1+ patient, Siglec-1+ cells harbored HIV-1-containing compartments, demonstrating that in vivo, these cells trap viruses. Ex vivo, a type-I interferon antiviral environment enhanced viral capture and trans-infection via Siglec-1. Nonetheless, HIV-1 transfer via cervical DCs was effectively prevented with antibodies against Siglec-1. Our findings contribute to decipher how cervical DCs may boost HIV-1 replication and promote systemic viral spread from the cervical mucosa, and highlight the importance of including inhibitors against Siglec-1 in microbicidal strategies

Caveolin-1 is down-regulated in alveolar habdomyosarcomas and negatively regulates tumor growth

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. Despite advances in therapy, patients with histological variant of rhabdomyosarcoma known as alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) have a 5-year survival of less than 30%. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), encoding the structural component of cellular caveolae, is a suggested tumor suppressor gene involved in cell signaling. In the present study we report that compared to other forms of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) CAV1 expression is either undetectable or very low in ARMS cell lines and tumor samples. DNA methylation analysis of the promoter region and azacytidine-induced re-expression suggest the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the silencing of CAV1. Reintroduction of CAV1 in three of these cell lines impairs their clonogenic capacity and promotes features of muscular differentiation. In vitro, CAV1-expressing cells show high expression of Caveolin-3 (CAV3), a muscular differentiation marker. Blockade of MAPK signaling is also observed. In vivo, CAV1-expressing xenografts show growth delay, features of muscular differentiation and increased cell death. In summary, our results suggest that CAV1 could function as a potent tumor suppressor in ARMS tumors. Inhibition of CAV1 function therefore, could contribute to aberrant cell proliferation, leading to ARMS development

Guía clínica para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la distrofia miotónica tipo 1, DM1 o enfermedad de Steinert

La enfermedad de Steinert o distrofia miotónica tipo 1 (DM1), (OMIM 160900) es la miopatía más prevalente en el adulto. Es una enfermedad multisistémica con alteración de prácticamente todos los órganos y tejidos y una variabilidad fenotípica muy amplia, lo que implica que deba ser atendida por diferentes especialistas que dominen las alteraciones más importantes. En los últimos anos ˜ se ha avanzado de manera exponencial en el conocimiento de la enfermedad y en su manejo. El objetivo de la guía es establecer recomendaciones para el diagnóstico, el pronóstico, el seguimiento y el tratamiento de las diferentes alteraciones de la DM1. Esta guía de consenso se ha realizado de manera multidisciplinar. Se ha contado con neurólogos, neumólogos, cardiólogos, endocrinólogos, neuropediatras y genetistas que han realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se recomienda realizar un diagnóstico genético con cuantificación precisa de tripletes CTG. Los pacientes con DM1 deben seguir control cardiológico y neumológico de por vida. Antes de cualquier cirugía con anestesia general debe realizarse una evaluación respiratoria. Debe monitorizarse la presencia de síntomas de disfagia periódicamente. Debe ofrecerse consejo genético a los pacientes con DM1 y a sus familiares. La DM1 es una enfermedad multisistémica que requiere un seguimiento en unidades especializadas multidisciplinares

From physiology to salt marsh management challenges with sea level rise: the case of native Spartina foliosa, invasive S. densiflora and their hybrid

12 páginas.- 2 figuras.- 2 tablas.- referencias.-Sea level rise (SLR) imposes increasing salinity and inundation stresses in salt marshes which simultaneously face invasions by exotic plant species. We aimed to improve and apply knowledge on the ecophysiological responses of halophytes to SLR to conservation management of salt marshes. In a mesocosm experiment, we measured and compared phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity and related functional traits of the California-native Spartina foliosa, invasive S. densiflora and their hybrid S. densiflora × foliosa in response to increasing levels of salinity and inundation. S. foliosa was moderately sensitive to salinity, showing a 57% reduction in PEPC specific activity from freshwater to hypersalinity. This native species compensated for the reduction of PEPC activity with increased salinity through 80% higher enzyme activation by phosphorylation. PEPC functional trait responses of S. foliosa were mostly independent of inundation depth. In view of these results, managers should conserve undeveloped lands for accommodation space above current high tide lines to facilitate colonization of stress-tolerant S. foliosa. Our results on functional responses of PEPC traits recorded high sensitivity to salinity for S. densiflora. This was reflected by 65% lower PEPC specific activity together with increasing accumulation of free proline (+96%) and total proteins (+23%) with elevated salinity. These results suggest prioritized eradication of S. densiflora populations in brackish habitats. Measured PEPC responses support the high stress tolerance of the S. densiflora × foliosa hybrid. PEPC traits for the hybrid were mostly independent of salinity and inundation. The hybrid showed higher PEPC-specific activity than S. foliosa (+70%) and S. densiflora (+15%) in freshwater under intermediate inundation. Results suggest that eradication of the hybrid should be the highest management priority. Our study shows that the responses of key functional physiological traits to environmental stresses serve as biological indicators that can guide ecosystem management practices in a scenario of climate change.This work was supported by Plan Propio de Investigación of Universidad de Sevilla by awarding a research contract to Blanca Gallego-Tévar and by a cooperative agreement between the United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Davis, California, and the University of Seville [58-2030-6-043-F]

Intake of acorn by rabits kept under continuous grazing

The intake of acorns by rabits kept in continuous grazing in natural improved pastures placed in the Sierra of Córdoba is studied. The conclusion that acorns mean an important energetical intake in times of lack of grass is reached. This intake can go up to a 92 % of their diet, the same happens in unfavourable climatological conditions, in which case it goes over the 63 %, while in normal situations does not reach more than 22 %.Se estudia el consumo de bellota por conejos en pastoreo continuo en pastizales naturales mejorados de la Sierra de Córdoba. Se concluye que la bellota supone un aporte energético importante en épocas de penuria herbácea, cuyo consumo puede alcanzar hasta el 92 % de su dieta, así como en condiciones climáticas desfavorables, que en este caso no supera el 63 %, mientras que en situaciones normales no rebasa el 22"5%

Growth of Cistus ladanifer L. after mechanical cutting

A study on development and production of Cistus ladanifer L. has been carried out. The plants mere one and two years old. The total weight of the leaves compared to the total weight of the plant is 78 % in the first year! and 52 % in the second. With respect to the stem these percentages are 23 % and 48 %. This shows that in the second year the growth in this species is localized in the stem. The ratio leaf weight/stem weight reaches a value of 3 in the first year while it comes down to 1 in the second year ; the stem 632 % and the leaf 114 %, both in the second year.Se realiza el estudio del desarrollo de Cistus ladanifer L. en plantas de uno y dos años, así como de sus producciones. Se comprueba que en el primer año el total de peso de hoja con respecto al peso total de la planta, representa el 78 %; y en el segundo, el 52 %; con respecto al tallo estos porcentajes son 23 y 48 %, respectivamente; lo que pone de manifiesto que el crecimiento de esta especie se localiza, en el segundo año, en el tallo. La relación peso hoja/peso tallo alcanza en el primer año el valor de 3, mientras que en el segundo se reduce a 1. Las producciones aumentan en el segundo año un 232 % para el total; un 632%, para el tallo; y un 114 %, para la hoja

Influence of geotopographic factors on chemical composition of Cistus ladanifer L.

Significative influences of several geotopographic characteristics are shown on a concentration of crude nutritive principles and mineral elements in C. ladanifer but a clear regulation of these observations is not discernible.Se demuestran influencias significativas de distintas características geotopográficas sobre la concentración de principios nutritivos y elementos minerales en C. ladanifer, pero no se aprecia una regulación clara de dichas observacione

Relations between various chemical fractions of Cistus ladanifer L. on different stages of development

The existing relations between the various chemical fractions of Cistus ladanifer L. following its different stages of development are studies. They reveal the close interdependence between them and their great variability and that the parameter foliosity of the plant shows bigger possibilities at the time of establishing the said relations. The acceptable conditions for the relation Ca/P and the permanent unbalance of K/Na are confirmed.Se estudian las relaciones existentes entre las diversas fracciones químicas de Cistus ladanifer L., en sus distintas fases de desarrollo, y se pone de manifiesto la estrecha dependencia existente entre ellas, y su gran variabilidad. La foliosidad de la planta presenta mayores posibilidades a la hora de establecer las citadas relaciones. Se confirman las aceptables condiciones para la relación Ca/P y el permanente desequilibrio de K/Na

PRODUCCIÓN DE LECHE POR GANADO CAPRINO EN PASTOREO

Milk production in grazing goats is analized (432,2 kg. in 216 days). It is shown that lactancy periods are adapted to the ambiental limitations through that grass conditions, and that extreme temperatures depress the production. The natural sources aport the 61,3% of the dry mater ingested and the 44,3% of the nutritive requirements of the animals.Se analiza la producción láctea de ganado caprino en pastoreo (432,2 kg. en 216 días). Se pone de manifiesto que las curvas de lactación se adaptan a las limitaciones ambientales a través del pasto, y que las temperaturas extremas deprimen la producción. Los recursos naturales proveen el 61,3% de la M. S. I. y el 44,3% de las necesidades nutritivas de los animales