The Role of Supply Constraints in Multiplier Analysis

JEL Classification Codes: C63, C68, D58ingMultiplier analysis based upon the information contained in Leontief's inverse is undoubtedly part of the core of the input-output methodology and numerous applications an extensions have been developed that exploit its informational content. Nonetheless there are some implicit theoretical assumptions whose implications have perhaps not been fully assessed. This is the case of the 'excess capacity' assumption. Because of this assumption resources are available as needed to adjust production to new equilibrium states. In real world applications, however, new resources are scarce and costly. Supply constraints kick in and hence resource allocation needs to take them into account to really assess the effect of government policies. Using a closed general equilibrium model that incorporates supply constraints, we perform some simple numerical exercises and proceed to derive a 'constrained' multiplier matrix that can be compared with the standard 'unrestricted' multiplier matrix. Results show that the effectiveness of expenditure policies hinges critically on whether or not supply constraints are considered.<tdSupport from research grants MICINN-ECO2009-11857 and SGR2009-578 is gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Biozonacion del Paleogeno continental de la zona oriental de la Cuenca del Ebro mediante carofitas: implicacions en la biozonacion general de carofitas de Europa occidental

A charophyte biozonation of the Paleogene (Thanetian-Chattian) sequences of the Eastern Ebro Basin (NE Spain) is proposed. This biozonation has been based on an intensive sampling carried out on well correlated sections which included, in some cases, fossil mammal localities. Bothfacts haveresultedin agood chronostratigraphic control of the biozonation. One of the most noticeable contributions from this local point of view is the characterization of the Ilerdian in the continental Ebro Basin sequences by the Maedleriella lavocati biozone. Although in afirst approach this biozonation is intended to be local the new data in the Eastern Ebro Basin have enlarged the ranges of some widespread charophyte index species. These changes in the charophyte sp&ies ranges has led to suggest some remarkable modifications of the preexistin~ Riveline' s (1986) charophyte biozonationfor western Europe: 1) TheN. (T. ) thaleri biozone siaried in the Ilerdian and not in the Cuisian. 2) The definition of new Late Eocene (S. labellata) and Late Oligocene (H. lagenalis) biozones. 3) The enlargement of the range of severa1 species which has resulted in suppressionof the Chara notata biozone and in redefinition of Chara microcera, St. pinguis, St. vectensis and Sr. berdotensis biozones. From apaleogeographic point of view the global percentages of pluricontinental, european and iberian species of the Paleogene Eastern Ebro Basin charophyte record suggest some kind of isolation of the charophyte populations in NE Iberia. This isolation could be enhanced by paleogeographic constraints during Bartonian and Latest Priabonian to Stampian transition.Peer Reviewe

Normal vector analysis from GNSS-GPS data applied to Deception volcano surface deformation

Surface deformation parameters and its use in volcano monitoring have evolved from classical geodetic procedures up to those based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the most widely used and known Global Positioning System (GPS), profiting from the automated data processing, positioning precision and rates, as well as the large storage capacity and low power consumption of its equipments. These features have enabled the permanent GNSSGPS data acquisition to ensure the continuous monitoring of geodetic benchmarks for the evaluation of surface deformation in active tectonic or volcanic areas. In Deception Island (Antarctica), a normal vector analysis is being used to give surface deformation based on three permanently observed GNSSGPS benchmarks. Due to data availability, both in the past and for near real-time use, all benchmarks used are inside the monitored volcanic area, although the reference is away from thermal springs and/or fumaroles, unlike the other two. The time variation of slope distances to the reference benchmark and of the magnitude and inclination of the normal vector to the triangle defined by the reference benchmark and any other two, provides the spatial deformation in the volcanic area covered. The normal vector variation in magnitude gives information on compression or expansion, here called spatial dilatometer, while the changes in inclination gives information on relative uplift or subsidence, here called spatial inclinometer. In geodesy, the triangle is a basic geometric unit and the areal strain is commonly applied in tectonics and volcanism. The normal vector analysis conjugates both, benefiting from the method's precision, simplicity and possibility to model the surface using several triangles. The proposed method was applied to GNSSGPS data collected every austral summer between 20012002 and 20092010 in Deception Island. The results evidence that Deception Island acts as a strain marker in the Bransfield Basin volcano-tectonic setting.Spanish Ministry of Education and Science as part of the National Antarctic Program; Recognition and fast evaluation of volcanic activity on Deception Island (GEODESY) [ANT1999-1430-E/HESP]; Geodetic Studies on Deception Island: deformation models, geoid determination and Scientific Information System [REN2000-0551-C03-01/ANT]; Acquisition of scientific software for GPS data processing [REN2000-2690-E]; Geodetic Control of the volcanic activity of Deception Island [CGL2004-21547-E/ANT]; Update of the Spanish Cartography for Deception Island [CGL2004-20408-E/ANT]; Volcanotectonic activity on Deception Island: geodetic, geophysical investigations and Remote Sensing on Deception Island and its surroundings [CGLl2005-07589-c03-01/ANT]; Geodetic and Geothermal Researches, Time Serial Analysis and Volcanic Innovation in Antarctica (South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula (GEOTINANT) [CTM2009-07251/ANT]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Trastornos de personalidad en el DSM-5. Una aproximación crítica

Introducción: En la preparación del nuevo manual diagnóstico DSM-5 los modelos dimensionales se presentan como la base para la modificación de los criterios diagnósticos de los trastornos de personalidad. Los criterios de las ediciones anteriores han comportado algunos problemas, como una excesiva comorbilidad y una dificultad en la comprensión de ésta. Material y métodos: Se analizan de forma crítica las bases teóricas sobre las que se sustentan dichos modelos. Por otro lado, se consideran a la luz de los desarrollos hermenéuticos del siglo pasado. Resultados: Los modelos dimensionales suponen un avance cuanto a la integración de la información para su uso clínico y de investigación. Sin embargo, tienen algunas limitaciones implícitas que queremos destacar. Conclusiones: Se presentan dos propuestas desarrolladas desde una perspectiva hermenéutica, y se señalan las diferencias entre estas aproximaciones y los modelos dimensionales a nivel epistemológico y étic

A multiplier evaluation of primary factors supply-shocks

Demand-side multipliers have ruled within multisectoral models as the main indicators for policy effectiveness and key-sector determination. The causal link between new exogenous final demand and responded endogenous total output is well understood and has been the basis for such a prevalent demand-side analysis both in linear interindustry analysis and in non-linear applied general equilibrium models. In this paper we shift the perspective to supply-side injections and we do so by studying the repercussion effects of marshalling additional primary factors, labor and capital services, which are injected into the economy and give rise to a general resource reallocation. As a result, we obtain estimates of supply multipliers that provide complementary information to standard demand multipliers. We illustrate the methodology using an empirical general equilibrium model built with the most recent data for the region of Andalusia, Spain.REPEC_wphaeiPostprin

Does Lower-Limb Tendon Structure Influence Walking Gait?

Background: Within the exploration of human gait, key focal points include the examination of functional rockers and the influential role of tendon behavior in the intricate stretch–shortening cycle. To date, the possible relationship between these two fundamental factors in the analysis of human gait has not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between the morphology of the patellar and Achilles tendons and plantar fascia with respect to the duration of the rockers. Methods: Thirty-nine healthy men (age: 28.42 ± 6.97 years; height: 173 ± 7.17 cm; weight: 67.75 ± 9.43 kg) were included. Data of the rockers were recorded using a baropodometric platform while participants walked over a 10 m walkway at a comfortable velocity. Before the trials, the thickness and cross-sectional area were recorded for the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia using ultrasound examination. The relationship between the morphology of the soft tissue and the duration of the rockers was determined using a pairwise mean comparison (t-test). Results: A significant difference was found for rocker 1 duration, where a longer duration was found in the group of subjects with thicker patellar tendons. Regarding the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia, no significant differences were observed in terms of tendon morphology. However, subjects with thicker Achilles tendons showed a longer duration of rocker 1. Conclusions: The findings underscore a compelling association, revealing that an increased thickness of the patellar tendon significantly contributes to the extension of rocker 1 duration during walking in healthy adults

Factores que influyen en la calidad de las reinas de abejas (A. mellifera) criadas artificialmente

During the period 2003-2007 three experimental assays were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of some factors like number of cup cells introduced, the season and the substrate used, on the quality of queen bees produced in the queen bees breeding place of Provincial Foundation of Apiculture of Camagüey, located at the northeastern of the city. The quality of the queen bees was determined starting from the standards of weight, phenotypic characteristics and level of acceptation according to the strain used. In the case of the number of cells introduced, it was concluded that the best variant is using 30 cup cells/ breeding hive which gave the greatest weights taken after the starting of the oviposition (236 mg/animal). The period of the year influenced on the quality of queen bees, with significant differences at favor of March to May and after that in October, while the substrates used during the transfer, in the case honey, honey + royal jelly (50-50) and royal jelly, the last one showed better results in relation to the weight, phenotypic characteristics and acceptation of the animals. It was concluded that there is a remarkable influence of studied factors on the quality of queen bees obtained in the breeding place. It is recommended that the best found variants be applied at the level of foundation.Durante el período de 2003 a 2007 se realizaron tres ensayos experimentales para evaluar la influencia de algunos factores, como el número de copas celdas introducidas, la época del año y el sustrato utilizado, en la calidad de las reinas obtenidas en el criadero de reinas del Establecimiento Provincial de Apicultura de Camagüey, situado al noreste de esta ciudad. La calidad de las reinas se determinó a partir de los patrones de peso, características fenotípicas y nivel de aceptación, de acuerdo con la raza utilizada. En el caso del número de celdas introducidas, se obtuvo que la mejor variante es la de 30 copas celdas/colmena criadora, que logró los mayores pesos tomados luego de comenzada la ovoposición (236 mg/animal). El período del año influyó en la calidad de las reinas, con diferencias significativas a favor de los meses de marzo hasta mayo y posteriormente en octubre, mientras que de los sustratos utilizados en el trasvase, en este caso la miel, miel con jalea real (50-50) y jalea real, está última mostró resultados superiores en cuanto al peso de los animales, sus características fenotípicas y aceptación. Se concluye que existe una marcada influencia de los factores estudiados en la calidad de las reinas obtenidas en el criadero, y se recomienda que se apliquen a nivel del establecimiento las mejores variantes encontradas

Priorización de problemas en las agendas legislativas autonómicas: instituciones y preferencias políticas

This article analyzes the legislative agenda of four regional governments – Andalusia, Catalonia, Galicia and the Basque Country– from 1982 to 2007. The goal is to explain to what extent changes in the prioritization of issues are related to institutional factors, such as changes in the distribution of competences and Europeanization, or political factors, like party preferences. The analysis illustrates that from the early nineties regional governments are increasingly paying attention to different issues, and that this process can not only be explained by taking into account the formal distribution of competences between central and regional governments. The delegation of power to the European Union does not contribute either to an increasing convergence of regional legislative agendas, not even for those issues more Europeanized. The institutional context constrains government’s capacity to regulate specific issues, but party preferences are important to understand why there are similarities or differences among regional agendas.Este artículo analiza la agenda legislativa de cuatro Comunidades Autónomas –Andalucía, Cataluña, Galicia y el País Vasco– desde 1982 hasta 2007. El objetivo es explicar hasta qué punto los cambios en la priorización de problemas están relacionados con factores institucionales, como los cambios en el marco competencial o el proceso de europeización, o con factores políticos, como las preferencias de los partidos políticos. El análisis demuestra que a partir de los años noventa se inicia un proceso creciente de heterogeneidad entre las agendas autonómicas, y que este proceso no puede explicarse únicamente a partir de la distribución formal de competencias entre Estado y CCAA. La delegación de poder en favor de la Unión Europea no se ha traducido tampoco en una mayor homogeneidad de las agendas legislativas, ni siquiera en aquellos sectores más europeizados. El contexto institucional limita la capacidad de los gobiernos para regular sobre cuestiones concretas, pero las preferencias de los partidos son un factor importante para entender por qué existen similitudes o diferencias entre las agendas autonómicas.