Aportes para la construcción de identidad en contextos de encierro

El desafío al que nos enfrentamos es el de co-gestionar una propuesta de extensión con grupos de personas que se encuentran en una especial situación de vulnerabilidad. Este desafío es aún mayor si, como en nuestro caso, tratamos de hacer confluir y no de yuxtaponer el aporte de cada una de nuestras disciplinas específicas (arte y derecho) en contextos no formales de educación (instituciones cerradas de personas privadas de libertad, internos hospitalizados y jóvenes de centros convivenciales abiertos y cerrados). El objetivo es ambicioso: la expresión artística en distintas modalidades de talleres interdisciplinarios como ejercicio de un derecho humano en sí misma  (incluyendo  las facetas de trasferencia y replicabilidad) y a su vez, como espacio de empoderamiento (rescate de la subjetividad avasallada por el disciplinamiento institucional). La posibilidad de autofortalecimiento de la identidad individual y colectiva, de cada destinatario del proyecto, como campo de poder en disputa. En lo antedicho se inscribe la meta de adquisición y desarrollo de herramientas que puedan facilitar su incorporación (más o menos próxima en el tiempo) al medio libre con una alternativa laboral mediante formas asociativas/cooperativas de producción. Están en juego aquí la elaboración de una alternativa sustentable en la construcción del conocimiento y objeto de vinculación, atravesada por un discurso jurídico-artístico-político de sostenimiento de la autovaloración individual y grupal, apuntalando los propios proyectos de vida y con acceso a la información útil a través de la práctica solidaria

Paleoneuroanatomy of the aetosaur Neoaetosauroides engaeus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its paleobiological implications among archosauriforms

The paleoneuroanatomy of pseudosuchian archosaurs is poorly known, based on direct examination of the internal morphology of braincases and a few artificial endocasts. Among aetosaurs, only one endocast has been described almost a century ago by Case (1921) corresponding to Desmatosuchus spurensis from the Chinle Formation (Norian) of Texas, US, based on a resin cast. Here, we describe the first natural endocast of an aetosaur, Neoaetosauroides engaeus from the Los Colorados Formation (Norian) of NW Argentina, and also developed the first digital endocast of this taxon including the encephalon, cranial nerves, inner ear, and middle ear sinuses. The neuroanatomy of Neoaetosauroides engaeus exhibits several differences from that of Desmatosuchus spurensis despite their phylogenetic proximity, which may be a reflection of their different habits. The information provided by the endocasts of Neoaetosauroides engaeus about its olfactory region and the orientation of its head, based on the inclination of the inner ear, could support the proposal for an animalivorous diet, instead of an herbivorous one as in most aetosaurs. The new information here obtained contributes to the knowledge of the neuroanatomical diversity of archosauriforms and more specifically among pseudosuchians and their paleobiological roles in the Triassic continental communities

Catálogo de mamíferos marinos de la Colección Mastozoológica del Museo de La Plata, Argentina.

This catalogue lists the materials of marine mammals housed in the Mammalogical collection of Museo de La Plata. This contribution is an update of the unpublished catalogue made by R. Bastida, J.B. Desojo, and L.H. Soibelzon in 1997. It includes all the specimens deposited in this collection, belonging to the Superorder Cetartilodactyla, order Cetacea, suborders Mysticeti and Odontoceti, the order Carnivora, suborder Caniformia, and the order Sirenia. The Mammalogical collection of the División Zoología Vertebrados of Museo de la Plata holds 185 specimens of 37 species of marine mammals.El presente catálogo lista los materiales de mamíferos marinos depositados en la colección de Mastozoología del Museo de La Plata. Esta contribución es una actualización del catálogo inédito realizado por R. Bastida, J.B. Desojo y L.H. Soibelzon en 1997. Se incluyen todos los materiales del superorden Cetartilodactyla, orden Cetacea, subórdenes Mysticeti y Odontoceti, orden Carnivora, suborden Caniformia y orden Sirenia. La colección de Mastozoología de la División Zoología Vertebrados del Museo de La Plata cuenta con 185 especímenes referidos a 37 especies de mamíferos marinos

The higher-level phylogeny of Archosauria (Tetrapoda:Diapsida)

Crown group Archosauria, which includes birds, dinosaurs, crocodylomorphs, and several extinct Mesozoic groups, is a primary division of the vertebrate tree of life. However, the higher-level phylogenetic relationships within Archosauria are poorly resolved and controversial, despite years of study. The phylogeny of crocodile-line archosaurs (Crurotarsi) is particularly contentious, and has been plagued by problematic taxon and character sampling. Recent discoveries and renewed focus on archosaur anatomy enable the compilation of a new dataset, which assimilates and standardizes character data pertinent to higher-level archosaur phylogeny, and is scored across the largest group of taxa yet analysed. This dataset includes 47 new characters (25% of total) and eight taxa that have yet to be included in an analysis, and total taxonomic sampling is more than twice that of any previous study. This analysis produces a well-resolved phylogeny, which recovers mostly traditional relationships within Avemetatarsalia, places Phytosauria as a basal crurotarsan clade, finds a close relationship between Aetosauria and Crocodylomorpha, and recovers a monophyletic Rauisuchia comprised of two major subclades. Support values are low, suggesting rampant homoplasy and missing data within Archosauria, but the phylogeny is highly congruent with stratigraphy. Comparison with alternative analyses identifies numerous scoring differences, but indicates that character sampling is the main source of incongruence. The phylogeny implies major missing lineages in the Early Triassic and may support a Carnian-Norian extinction event.Marshall Scholarship for study in the United KingdomJurassic FoundationUniversity of BristolPaleontological Societ

The Osteology of the Basal Archosauromorph Tasmaniosaurus triassicus from the Lower Triassic of Tasmania, Australia

Proterosuchidae are the most taxonomically diverse archosauromorph reptiles sampled in the immediate aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction and represent the earliest radiation of Archosauriformes (archosaurs and closely related species). Proterosuchids are potentially represented by approximately 15 nominal species collected from South Africa, China, Russia, Australia and India, but the taxonomic content of the group is currently in a state of flux because of the poor anatomic and systematic information available for several of its putative members. Here, the putative proterosuchid Tasmaniosaurus triassicus from the Lower Triassic of Hobart, Tasmania (Australia),is redescribed. The holotype and currently only known specimen includes cranial and postcranial remains and the revision of this material sheds new light on the anatomy of the animal, including new data on the cranial endocast. Several bones are re-identified or reinterpreted, contrasting with the descriptions of previous authors. The new information provided here shows that Tasmaniosaurus closely resembles the South African proterosuchid Proterosuchus, but it differed in the presence of, for example, a slightly downturned premaxilla, a shorter anterior process of maxilla, and a diamond-shaped anterior end of interclavicle. Previous claims for the presence of gut contents in the holotype of Tasmaniosaurus are considered ambiguous. The description of the cranial endocast of Tasmaniosaurus provides for the first time information about the anatomy of this region in proterosuchids. The cranial endocast preserves possibly part of the vomero-nasal (= Jacobson's) system laterally to the olfactory bulbs. Previous claims of the absence of the vomero-nasal organs in archosaurs, which is suggested by the extant phylogenetic bracket, are questioned because its absence in both clades of extant archosaurs seems to be directly related with the independent acquisition of a non-ground living mode of life

The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations

Studies on living turtles have demonstrated that shells are involved in the resistance to hypoxia during apnea via bone acidosis buffering; a process which is complemented with cutaneous respiration, transpharyngeal and cloacal gas exchanges in the soft-shell turtles. Bone acidosis buffering during apnea has also been identified in crocodylian osteoderms, which are also known to employ heat transfer when basking. Although diverse, many of these functions rely on one common trait: the vascularization of the dermal shield. Here, we test whether the above ecophysiological functions played an adaptive role in the evolutionary transitions between land and aquatic environments in both Pseudosuchia and Testudinata. To do so, we measured the bone porosity as a proxy for vascular density in a set of dermal plates before performing phylogenetic comparative analyses. For both lineages, the dermal plate porosity obviously varies depending on the animal lifestyle, but these variations prove to be highly driven by phylogenetic relationships. We argue that the complexity of multi-functional roles of the post-cranial dermal skeleton in both Pseudosuchia and Testudinata probably is the reason for a lack of obvious physiological signal, and we discuss the role of the dermal shield vascularization in the evolution of these groups. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vertebrate palaeophysiology’

Reassessment of the enigmatic “Prestosuchus” loricatus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Middle‐Late Triassic of southern Brazil

Our knowledge of the diversity and evolution of South American Triassic pseudosuchians has greatly improved in the past 15 years, due to new discoveries, but also to the revision of several historically important specimens. One of the earliest descriptions of pseudosuchians from the Triassic of Brazil stems from the classic work of Huene from the first half of the 20th century, who described several species, including such influential taxa as Rauisuchus tiradentes or Prestosuchus chiniquensis, which have recently been reviewed. The more poorly known proposed second species of Prestosuchus, P. loricatus, is the focus of the present work. The original material included some elements of the axial skeleton (cervical and caudal vertebrae, ribs, osteoderms) and the hindlimb (ischia, calcaneum, metatarsus), collected from the Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Chiniquá area, west of São Pedro do Sul. “Prestosuchus” loricatus shows numerous differences to P. chiniquensis, including the shape of cervical neural spines, presence of epipophyses on the cervical vertebrae, presence of a pit in the iliac articulation of the ischium, lack of longitudinal furrows in the dorsolateral surface of the ischial shafts, the more slender calcaneal tuber and a less pronounced ventral pit in the calcaneum, and is thus referred to a new genus, Schultzsuchus gen. nov. Phylogenetic analysis indicates an early branching position within Poposauroidea for Schultzsuchus, making it the oldest known member of this clade in South America

The first ornithosuchid from Brazil and its macroevolutionary and phylogenetic implications for Late Triassic faunas in Gondwana

Ornithosuchidae is one of the most enigmatic clades of Triassic pseudosuchians. The group is composed by three carnivorous species that were excavated from Upper Triassic beds of Scotland and Argentina. We describe the first ornithosuchid from the Upper Triassic sediments of Brazil and explore its phylogenetic affinities and implications for the evolution of the group. Dynamosuchus collisensis gen. et sp. nov. was found as the sister taxon of the Argentinean form Venaticosuchus rusconii. These relationships reject a potential endemic radiation of ornithosuchids from the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin and would better support multiple diversification events. Our findings with ornithosuchids is consistent with the pattern reported for proterochampsid and erpetosuchid archosauriforms from Ischigualasto-Villa Unión and the Paraná basins. In addition, the presence of an ornithosuchid in the Late Triassic of Brazil suggests that ornithosuchids were more widespread than previously thought in the southern hemisphere. The new ornithosuchid further demonstrates a faunistic link between the Argentinean and Brazilian basins during the Carnian. Finally, the discovery of the new species provides the first clue of a putative necrophagous vertebrate from the oldest dinosaur-bearing beds and expands our knowledge regarding the trophic structure of the Late Triassic of Brazil

The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia : phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations

Studies on living turtles have demonstrated that shells are involved in the resistance to hypoxia during apnea via bone acidosis buffering; a process which is complemented with cutaneous respiration, transpharyngeal and cloacal gas exchanges in the soft-shell turtles. Bone acidosis buffering during apnea has also been identified in crocodylian osteoderms, which are also known to employ heat transfer when basking. Although diverse, many of these functions rely on one common trait: the vascularization of the dermal shield. Here, we test whether the above ecophysiological functions played an adaptive role in the evolutionary transitions between land and aquatic environments in both Pseudosuchia and Testudinata. To do so, we measured the bone porosity as a proxy for vascular density in a set of dermal plates before performing phylogenetic comparative analyses. For both lineages, the dermal plate porosity obviously varies depending on the animal lifestyle, but these variations prove to be highly driven by phylogenetic relationships. We argue that the complexity of multi-functional roles of the post-cranial dermal skeleton in both Pseudosuchia and Testudinata probably is the reason for a lack of obvious physiological signal, and we discuss the role of the dermal shield vascularization in the evolution of these groups. This article is part of the theme issue 'Vertebrate palaeophysiology'

Osteoderm microstructure of “rauisuchian” archosaurs from South America

In this contribution we analyze and discuss the microanatomy and histology of postcranial osteoderms of a number of "rauisuchians" from different localities of South America (Argentina and Brazil). The studied sample includes osteoderms of Fasolasuchus tenax, Prestosuchus chiniquensis, Saurosuchus galilei and an undetermined rauisuchian from Brazil. The bone microanatomy of the osteoderms is variable: whereas some specimens have a rather compact structure, others show a diploe architecture with a central cancellous core bordered by two compact cortices. Both external and basal cortices are mainly composed of poorly vascularized, fine and coarse parallel-fibred bone and networks of interwoven and mineralized fiber bundles. The internal region of the non-remodeled specimens consists of a well- vascularized core in which the intrinsic fibers exhibit important variations (even in the same specimen), ranging from coarse, parallel-fibred to woven-fibred bone tissues. Lines of arrested growth (LAGs) are well recorded in both basal and external cortices. Differences in the bone microstructure (compact vs. diploe) could be related to the age, sex and reproductive status of the sampled individuals. Hence, age estimation based on the count of LAGs in rauisuchian osteoderms appears to be reliable only in the early stages of ontogeny. The bone microstructure suggests that rauisuchian osteoderms were originated through a mechanism that involves both intramembranous and metaplastic ossifications.Fil: Cerda, Ignacio Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiologia y Geologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Desojo, Julia Brenda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Scheyer,Torsten M. . Universität Zürich. Paläontologisches Institut und Museum; SuizaFil: Schultze, Cesar Leandro . Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi