Entropy-scaling search of massive biological data

Many datasets exhibit a well-defined structure that can be exploited to design faster search tools, but it is not always clear when such acceleration is possible. Here, we introduce a framework for similarity search based on characterizing a dataset's entropy and fractal dimension. We prove that searching scales in time with metric entropy (number of covering hyperspheres), if the fractal dimension of the dataset is low, and scales in space with the sum of metric entropy and information-theoretic entropy (randomness of the data). Using these ideas, we present accelerated versions of standard tools, with no loss in specificity and little loss in sensitivity, for use in three domains---high-throughput drug screening (Ammolite, 150x speedup), metagenomics (MICA, 3.5x speedup of DIAMOND [3,700x BLASTX]), and protein structure search (esFragBag, 10x speedup of FragBag). Our framework can be used to achieve "compressive omics," and the general theory can be readily applied to data science problems outside of biology.Comment: Including supplement: 41 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, 1 bo

Performance of cylindrical converters with preferred-crystal-orientation emitters of chemically vapor deposited tungsten

Design and evaluation of cylindrical out-of-pile thermionic converter test vehicle to determine performance of tungsten emitters with preferred crystal orientatio

Meteorological utility of high resolution multi-spectral data

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Self-excited Oscillations of Charge-Spin Accumulation Due to Single-electron Tunneling

We theoretically study electronic transport through a layer of quantum dots connecting two metallic leads. By the inclusion of an inductor in series with the junction, we show that steady electronic transport in such a system may be unstable with respect to temporal oscillations caused by an interplay between the Coulomb blockade of tunneling and spin accumulation in the dots. When this instability occurs, a new stable regime is reached, where the average spin and charge in the dots oscillate periodically in time. The frequency of these oscillations is typically of the order of 1GHz for realistic values of the junction parameters

Promising Developments in Bio-Based Products as Alternatives to Conventional Plastics to Enable Circular Economy in Ukraine

Transforming the plastic industry toward producing more sustainable alternatives than conventional plastics, as an essential enabler of the bio-based circular economy (CE), requires reinforcing initiatives to drive solutions from the lab to the market. In this regard, startups and ideation and innovation events can potentially play significant roles in consolidating efforts and investments by academia and industry to foster bio-based and biodegradable plastic-related developments. This study aimed to present the current trends and challenges of bioplastics and bio-based materials as sustainable alternatives for plastics. On this basis, having conducted a systematic literature review, the seminal research themes of the bio-based materials and bioplastics literature were unfolded and discussed. Then, the most recent developments of bio-based sustainable products in Ukraine, as alternatives to petroleum-based plastics, that have gained publicity through local startup programs and hackathons were presented. The findings shed light on the potential of the bio-based sector to facilitate the CE transition through (i) rendering innovative solutions most of which have been less noticed in academia before; (ii) enhancing academic debate and bridging the gap between developers, scholars, and practitioners within the plastic industry toward creating circularity across the supply chain; (iii) identifying the main challenges and future perspectives for further investigations in the future

CONTENT OF PRODUCTS OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN TISSUES OF CARP WITH MIXED INFESTATON BY ECTOPARASITES

У статті наведено дані про вміст продуктів перекисного окиснення ліпідів (дієнових кон’югатів, гідроперекисів, малонового діальдегіду) та активності антиоксидантних ферментів (супероксиддисмутази, глутатіонпероксидази, каталази) в тканинах органів коропа за різної інтенсивності інвазії ектопаразитами.Встановлено, що у досліджуваних тканинах гепатопанкресу, скелетних м’язів та зябер інвазованих ектопаразитами однорічок коропа вірогідно зростав вміст дієнових кон’югатів, гідроперекисів ліпідів, малонового діальдегіду та знижувалася активність антиоксидантних ферментів супероксиддисмутази і каталази.В статье приведены данные о содержании продуктов перекисного окисления липидов (диеновых конъюгатов, гидроперекисей, малонового диальдегида) и активности антиоксидантных ферментов (супероксиддисмутазы, глутатионпероксидазы, каталазы) в тканях органов карпа при разной интенсивности инвазии эктопаразитами.Установлено, что в исследуемых тканях гепатопанкреса, скелетных мышц и жабр инвазированных эктопаразитами однолеток карпа достоверно возрастало содержание диеновых конъюгатов, гидроперекисей липидов, малонового диальдегида и снижалась активность антиоксидантных ферментов супероксиддисмутазы и каталазы.The article shows the content of lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates, hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde) and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) in the tissues of carp infestation by ectoparasites of varying intensity.Found that in the studied tissues of hepatopankreas, skeletal muscle and gills of carp infested ectoparasites significantly increased the content of diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde and decreased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase

Effect of temperature and hydraulic retention time on hydrogen producing granules : homoacetogenesis and morphological characteristics

The effect of temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the homoacetogenesis and on .the morphological characteristics of hydrogen producing granules was investigated. Hydrogen was produced using an expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor, fed with glucose and Larabinose, under mesophilic (37ºC), thermophilic (55ºC), and hyperthermophilic (70ºC) conditions. Apparent homoacetogenesis was observed only at mesophilic conditions. Glucose was utilized preferentially over L-arabinose at thermophilic and hyper-thermophilic conditions. Higher yields of hydrogen production were linked to the decrease of lactic acid and the increase of nbutyrate, in all temperatures tested. Under mesophilic conditions with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 5KgCOD/m3/d the total filaments length per VSS (TL/VSS) increased and the apparent granules density (VSS/TA) dropped off. With the application of OLR 10 and 16KgCOD/m3/d, TL/VSS decreased and the VSS/TA augmented suggesting an increase of granules density. Under thermophilic conditions the enhance of TL/VSS and the diminish of VSS/TA only occurred with the application of OLR16KgCOD/m3/d, while under hyperthermophilic conditions it happened since the beginning of operation with the application of OLR10KgCOD/m3/d. Granules size was not affected by temperature but the application of higher OLR promote a decline on the percentage of projected area of aggregates with equivalent diameter (Deq) larger than 1 mm.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/29823/2006, SFRH/BPD/24221/2005, projecto POCTI/ENR/57786/200