Dilepton distributions at backward rapidities

The dilepton production at backward rapidities in $pAu$ and $pp$ collisions at RHIC and LHC energies is investigated in the dipole approach. The results are shown through the nuclear modification ratio $R_{pA}$ considering transverse momentum and rapidity spectra. The dilepton modification ratio presents interesting behavior at the backward rapidities when compared with the already known forward ones, since it is related with the large $x$ kinematical region that is being probed. The rapidity dependence of the nuclear modification ratio in the dilepton production is strongly dependent on the Bjorken $x$ behavior of the nuclear structure function ratio $R_{F_{2}}=F_{2}^{A}/F_{2}^{p}$. The $R_{pA}$ transverse momentum dependence at backward rapidities is modified due to the large $x$ nuclear effects: at RHIC energies, for instance, the ratio $R_{pA}$ is reduced as $p_T$ increases, presenting an opposite behavior when compared with the forward one. It implies that the dilepton production at backward rapidities should carry information of the nuclear effects at large Bjorken $x$, as well as that it is useful to investigate the $p_T$ dependence of the observables in this kinematical regime.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures. Version published in the Phys. Rev.

ЕФЕКТИ НА ИЗЛИШЪКА НА Cu ВЪРХУ РАСТЕЖА И ФОТОСИНТЕЗАТА НА ЕЧЕМИЧНИ РАСТЕНИЯ. ВРЪЗКА СЪС СКРИНИНГ ТЕСТ ЗА ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТ КЪМ Cu

Twenty-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Ribeka) plants grown as sand culture were exposed to Cu treatment (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu kg-1 sand) for ten days. The effects of excess Cu on both growth and photosynthetic performance were studied in order to identify the most sensitive probes implicating a further development of screening test for Cu tolerance within barley genotypes. The results obtained indicated that stomata conductance and photosynthetic electron transport linked to PSII+OEC exhibited the highest sensitivity to excess Cu, followed by plant dry weigh accumulation, leaf area formation, net photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic electron transport linked to PSI and PSII-OEC. It was concluded that leaf gas exchange parameters, plant dry weight accumulation and leaf area formation present an effective plant test system for screening for barley genotypes with higher Cu tolerance.Двадесетдневни ечемични (Hordeum vulgare L. сорт Ribeka ) растения, отглеждани като пясъчна култура, са подложени на третиране с Cu (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu kg-1 пясък) в продължение на 10 дни. Проучени са ефектите на излишъка на Cu върху растежа и фотосинтетичната активност на растенията с цел да се определят най-чувствителните индикатори във връзка с понататъшното разработване на тест за скрининг на толерантни към Cu ечемични генотипове. Получените резултати показват, че с най-висока чувствителност към Cu са устичната проводимост, фотосинтетичния електронен транспорт свързан с PSII+OEC, следвани от натрупването на суха маса в растенията, формирането на листната площ, нето скоростта на фотосинтезата, фотосинтетичния електронен транспорт свързан с PSI и PSIIOEC. Заключава се, че листният газообмен, натрупването на суха маса и формирането на листна площ представляват ефективна растителна система за скрининг за ечемични генотипове с по-висока толерантност към Cu

Study On The Training Of Brazilian Dentists And Physicians Who Treat Patients With Chronic Pain

Aim: To describe the characteristics of the professional training of dentists and physicians who treat patients with pain. Methods: A sample of 87 dentists and 63 physicians, selected at random and based on a stratified strategy, responded to a questionnaire with questions about training in pain. The statistical analysis of the data was done by the chi-square test and the Student's t-test at a 5% significance level. Results: The mean age was 45 years. There was no gender prevalence among the dentists and a male predominance among physicians; 80.20% had worked professionally for more than ten years; 81.61% of the dentists and 79.37% of the physicians were specialists. Residence training was reported by 55.56% of the physicians and 12% of the dentists; 48.27% of the dentists and 34.92% of the physicians had a master's and/or doctorate degree; 69.33% declared sufficient knowledge in pain; both physicians and dentists prioritized their own areas regarding the study of pain. The doctor/patient relationship was more valued by physicians, while the technical training was more valued by dentists. Dentists reported more difficulties in prescribing medications and physicians had more difficulties with the patient's behavior. Conclusions: Dentists and physicians had different professional experience and had valued specific aspects of their specialty. There is a need for a uniform curriculum designed for training in pain.814449Carlson, C.R., Reid, K.I., Curran, S.L., Studts, J., Okeson, J.P., Falace, D., Psychological and physiological parameters of masticatory muscle pain (1998) Pain, 76, pp. 297-307Breivik, H., Collett, B., Ventafridda, V., Cohen, R., Gallacher, D., Survey of chronic pain in Europe prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment (2006) Eur J Pain, 10 (4), pp. 287-333Lipton, J.A., Ship, J.A., Larach-Robinson, D., Estimated prevalence and distribution of reported orofacial pain in the United States (1993) J Am Dent Assoc, 124, pp. 115-121Okeson, J.P., (2006) Bell's orofacial pain. 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Lower survival after coronary artery bypass in patients who had atrial fibrillation missed by widely used definitions

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of limiting the definition of post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) atrial fibrillation (AF) to AF/flutter requiring treatment-as in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons\u27 (STS) database- on the association with survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We assessed in-hospital incidence of post-CABG AF in 7110 consecutive isolated patients with CABG without preoperative AF at 4 hospitals (January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2010). Patients with ≥1 episode of post-CABG AF detected via continuous in-hospital electrocardiogram (ECG)/telemetry monitoring documented by physicians were assigned to the following: Group 1, identified as having post-CABG AF in STS data and Group 2, not identified as having post-CABG AF in STS data. Patients without documented post-CABG AF constituted Group 3. Survival was compared via a Cox model, adjusted for STS risk of mortality and accounting for site differences. RESULTS: Over 7 years\u27 follow-up, 16.0% (295 of 1841) of Group 1, 18.7% (79 of 422) of Group 2, and 7.9% (382 of 4847) of Group 3 died. Group 2 had a significantly greater adjusted risk of death than both Group 1 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.33) and Group 3 (HR: 1.94; 95% CI, 1.69 to 2.22). CONCLUSIONS: The statistically significant 16% higher risk of death for patients with AF post-CABG missed vs captured in STS data suggests treatment and postdischarge management should be investigated for differences. The historical misclassification of missed patients as experiencing no AF in the STS data weakens the ability to observe differences in risk between patients with and without post-CABG AF. Therefore, STS data should not be used for research examining post-CABG AF