Growth of Wild Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) Juveniles for Organic Aquaculture

The majority of organic marine fish farms currently begin the production cycle with non-organic juveniles from conventional hatcheries, permitted by the European Regulation on organic fish origin (EC 710/2009) until the end of 2016. Wild juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) from coastal lagoons and hatcheries were experimentally reared under organic conditions, in order (1) to investigate differences in fillet lipid content and fatty acids composition, and (2) to propose a possible future source of juveniles destined for organic aquaculture. Wild juveniles were readily distinguishable by their fatty acid signature, showing significantly higher ratio levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3/n-6. Fillet lipid composition of organically fed wild S. aurata juveniles was preferable to that from domesticated juveniles. These results seem promising for organic aquaculture, where fish feed is more environmentally sustainable but is of lower nutritional qualit

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for predicting the phospholipid fraction and the total fatty acid composition of freeze-dried beef

Research on fatty acids (FA) is important because their intake is related to human health. NIRS can be a useful tool to estimate the FA of beef but due to the high moisture and the high absorbance of water makes it difficult to calibrate the analyses. This work evaluated near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a tool to assess the total fatty acid composition and the phospholipid fraction of fatty acids of beef using freeze-dried meat. An average of 22 unrelated pure breed young bulls from 15 European breeds were reared on a common concentrate-based diet. A total of 332 longissimus thoracis steaks were analysed for fatty acid composition and a freeze-dried sample was subjected to near-infrared spectral analysis. 220 samples (67%) were used as a calibration set with the remaining 110 (33%) being used for validation of the models obtained. There was a large variation in the total FA concentration across the animals giving a good data set for the analysis and whilst the coefficient of variation was nearly 68% for the monounsaturated FA it was only 27% for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PLS method was used to develop the prediction models. The models for the phospholipid fraction had a low R2 p and high standard error, while models for neutral lipid had the best performance, in general. It was not possible to obtain a good prediction of many individual PUFA concentrations being present at low concentrations and less variable than other FA. The best models were developed for Total FA, saturated FA, 9c18:1 and 16:1 with R2 p greater than 0.76. This study indicates that NIRS is a feasible and useful tool for screening purposes and it has the potential to predict most of the FA of freeze-dried beef. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade: experiência de interconsultas

Introdução: O Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) visa fortalecer a parceria entre o ensino e o serviço. Na sua última edição o programa traz como tema central a Interprofissionalidade, atendendo ao chamado da Organização Mundial de Saúde para implementar a educação interprofissional (EIP) como ferramenta essencial para o desenvolvimento e fortalecimento da força de trabalho na saúde, contribuindo para a redução de muitos desafios enfrentados pelos sistemas de saúde no mundo. Nesse sentido, o PET-Saúde constitui-se uma estratégia de indução de mudanças no processo de formação profissional, possibilitando a identificação de necessidades frequentes vivenciadas no serviço de saúde. A EIP ocorre quando duas ou mais profissões aprendem sobre os outros, com os outros e entre si para uma colaboração mútua e melhoria dos resultados em saúde1. Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar a experiência vivenciada por um grupo de acadêmicos da área da saúde, participantes do PET–Saúde Interprofissionaldiade, sobre a simulação da realização de interconsultas. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a preparação para a realização de interconsultas, realizado por acadêmicos de enfermagem, fisioterapia, medicina, nutrição, psicologia e farmácia de variados semestres, juntamente com seus preceptores e tutores, durante o mês de agosto de 2019. Inicialmente, foram desenvolvidos os materiais físicos que iriam compor o prontuário interprofissional e subsidiar as consultas. Para o atendimento na atenção primária o grupo julgou necessário a elaboração de uma ficha de caracterização do sujeito, genograma, ecomapa e a classificação internacional de funcionalidade (CIF). Posteriormente os membros forma divididos em dois grupos (1 e 2). Resultados: O grupo 1 realizou a vivência de uma interconsulta através de simulação com paciente standartizado, enquanto o grupo 2 observou a condução do grupo 1. Após o atendimento todos os membros de ambos os grupos discutiram os aspectos positivos da interconsulta e os aspectos a serem melhorados sob a ótica das práticas colaborativas. O exercício dessa atividade possibilitou aos acadêmicos uma reflexão da importância e desafios do trabalho em equipe, desde a construção do prontuário interprofissional até a realização do atendimento. A dificuldade da realização da interconsulta está relacionada à complexidade dos saberes das diversas profissões em saúde, principalmente por não haver conhecimento sobre as práticas comuns e colaborativas entre os profissionais. Considerações Finais: Dessa forma, a partir da experiência do treino da interconsulta, evidencia-se a importância dos profissionais de saúde terem contato com profissões colegas e aprenderam a trabalhar em equipe, desde a graduação, para prestar um atendimento mais eficaz e de qualidade aos pacientes, principalmente no Sistema Único de Saúde. Palavras-chave: Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente. Práticas Interdisciplinares. Ensino

A Neural Network Model for Forecasting CO2 Emission

Air pollution is today a serious problem, caused mainly by human activity. Classical methods are not considered able to efficiently model complex phenomena as meteorology and air pollution because, usually, they make approximations or too rigid schematisations. Our purpose is a more flexible architecture (artificial neural network model) to implement a short-term CO2 emission forecasting tool applied to the cereal sector in Apulia region – in Southern Italy - to determine how the introduction of cultural methods with less environmental impact acts on a possible pollution reduction

Direct Sales of Wine: an Empirical Study in the Apulia Region

The aim of the paper is to focus on the issue of direct sale in the wine sector facing global challenges. This paper means to investigate the mains determinants by carrying out an qualitative analysis in a southern Italy region. A web based survey has been submitted to a sample of 275 wineries and 204 responses have been collected. The paper is structured as follows: after a literature review on the direct sale in the wine sector, methodology is presented and the case study is introduced. The exploratory survey is carried out on a group of firms called ‘azienda agricola’ according to the Italian law that is a general relatively small firm whose main trait is agricultural production. Finally conclusions are draw

The Metadistrict as the Territorial Strategy: From Set Theory and a Matrix Organization Model Hypothesis

The purpose of this proposal is to explore a new concept of 'Metadistrict' to be applied in a region of Southern Italy – Apulia - in order to analyze the impact that the activation of a special network between different sector chains and several integrated projects may have for revitalizing the local economy; an important role is assigned to the network of relationships and so to the social capital. The Metadistrict model stems from the Local Action Groups and the Integrated Projects of Food Chain frameworks. It may represent a crucial driver of the rural economy through the realization of sector circuits connected to the concept of multi-functionality in agriculture, that is Network of the Territorial Multi-functionality. It was formalized by making use of a set of theories and of a Matrix Organization Model. The adoption of the Metadistrict perspective as the territorial strategy may play a key role to revitalize the primary sector, through the increase of economic and productive opportunities due to the implementation of a common and shared strategy and organizatio

Ethics approach in food choices along the agri-food supply chain: a survey in Apulia region

Food issues as increased prices and prices volatility, resources scarcity and climate change, are more and more emerging in today’s fast moving global marketplace. In this scenario, understanding the dynamics of the agri-food chain is a crucial driver in order to tackle rapid and fast-spreading challenges related to the food products and their knowledge. Moreover, an increasing distance between production and consumption determined the need of acquiring knowledge and others determinants on food products. Nevertheless it is important to underline the relation between food ethics and innovation process (new technologies to production or management practices) whether the latter helps and boosts the development of the agri-food supply chain. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the link between food and ethics under several perspectives in the supply chain in order to understand how ethical issues may be traced to the analysis the agri-food supply chain and how innovative food processes assess potential effects on the agri-food stakeholders. Agricultural ethics was being envisioned as an interdisciplinary sub-discipline that nowadays should become a significant basis to analyze norms and values being implicitly assumed by agricultural researchers, practitioners and policy makers assessing ethical and societal values equal to the economic concerns of production and consumption (Thompson, 2014; Thompson et al., 1991; Navin, 2014). Several works and policies are on the role of ethics including health, quality, trust, environmental welfare aspects in influencing consumer behavior (Grunert, 2005; Krystallis et al., 2012; OECD, 2008; Young et al., 2010). Making use of a qualitative survey administrated to main actors involved in a supply chain the ethics approach is analyzed in food choices along the agri-food supply, whether consumer rely on trust and labeling practices, or whether producer foster the participation in innovation process and spread knowledge along the chain. Results corroborate the importance to build a fair and healthy food system for people and the environment. The paper is structured as follows: after a literature review on food and ethics, the present situation is described, especially ethical aspects, of the supply chain of wine in Apulia region in Southern Italy. Then, methodology is presented; an exploratory survey is carried out on two main steps of a supply chain: producers and consumers. Findings highlight that consumers choices are affected by some ethical motivation and also that wine producers increasingly shifted attention on sustainable practices and innovative methods to meet ethical issues. Finally conclusions are drawn