Indirect Cost Of Diabetes In The Arab Region

Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases with a high prevalence and consequently a substantial socio-economic burden in Arab countries. In this paper, we propose for the first time an estimation of the indirect economic cost of diabetes incurred by the loss of productivity caused by disability and premature mortality due to diabetes in the Arab region. The 21 countries were divided into three income groups and the indirect cost of diabetes was estimated in each group. The total indirect cost was estimated to be around USD 72 billion whereas the average per capita indirect cost was estimated to be USD 2770, varying from USD 423 in group 3 to USD 7959 in Group1. The huge indirect economic cost and the associated social burden stress the importance that health decision makers should give to sensitisation, early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in the Arab region where the prevalence of diabetes is very high

Social inequalities and health inequity in Morocco

BACKGROUND: According to the last census, Morocco has a population approaching 30 million people. The country has made good progress in the control of preventable childhood diseases but social inequalities and health inequities remain major problems for the third millennium. Despite the progress achieved during the last decade, the country still ranks at the 125(th )place according to the Human Development Index. This unpleasant position is mainly explained by illiteracy, education and health indicators. METHOD: Our study was based mainly on annual reports and regular publications released by the United Nations (UN), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Health Organisation (WHO), The Moroccan Health Ministry and related papers published in international journals. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: As indicated by the last Arab Human Development Reports (AHDR 2002, AHDR 2003, AHDR 2004) and implicitly confirmed by the "National Initiative for Human Development" (NIHD) launched in May 2005 by the King of Morocco, many districts and shanty towns, urban or peri-urban, and a multitude of rural communes live in situations characterized by difficult access to basic social services of which education and health are examples. CONCLUSION: Recent evidence showed that improved health is more than a consequence of development. It is a central input into economic and social development and poverty reduction. Serious initiatives for human development should consider the reduction of social inequalities and health inequities as a first priority. Otherwise, the eventual development achieved cannot be sustained

The Effect of Physical Exercise on the Dynamics of Glucose and Insulin

Abstract Regular physical activity is indicated either to prevent and delay the onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes or to assure a good control of diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity and ameliorating the metabolism of glucose disappearance. Many studies and experiments have dealt with this subject. In this paper, we introduce the effect of physical activity via parameters of a mathematical model which allows us to compare the behaviour of blood glucose in normal, non-insulin-dependent diabetes and insulin-dependent diabetes people, with and without physical effort. Extreme cases of physical activity leading to hypoglycaemia or aggravating hyperglycaemia are also underlined.

Inégalités socioéconomiques au Maroc: un frein au développement humain

Durant les dernières décennies, le Maroc a amélioré la majorité des indicateurs socioéconomiques. Cependant, les acquis sont distribués de manière inéquitable et les inégalités persistent sur une échelle multidimensionnelle entre hommes et femmes, urbain et rural, régions développées et régions moins développées, éduqué(e)s et non éduqué(e)s et bien sûr entre riches et pauvres. L’enquête Panel des ménages 2012 publiée par l’Observatoire National de Développement Humain en février 2015 et le rapport national sur les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMD) publié le même mois par le Haut Commissariat au Plan soulignent les réalisations accomplies tout en attirant l’attention sur la persistance des inégalités et la menace qu’elles représentent pour les acquis dans le domaine de lutte contre la pauvreté et la vulnérabilité. Ces constats sont aussi indiqués par d’autres sources nationales et internationales. Dans ce papier, nous présentons un panorama d’indicateurs socioéconomiques montrant que le Maroc a significativement avancé en ‘‘moyenne’’ alors que de flagrantes inégalités demeurent entre différents groupes de la population Marocaine en termes d’éducation /alphabétisation, revenus/dépenses et d’accès aux services de santé

Gamma-D crystallin gene (CRYGD) mutation causes autosomal dominant congenital cerulean cataracts

Congenital cataracts are a major cause of bilateral visual impairment in childhood. We mapped the gene responsible for autosomal congenital cerulean cataracts to chromosome 2q33-35 in a four generation family of Moroccan descent. The maximum lod score (7.19 at recombination fraction theta=0) was obtained for marker D2S2208 near the g-crystallin gene (CRYG) cluster. Sequencing of the coding regions of the CRYGA, B, C, and D genes showed the presence of a heterozygous C>A transversion in exon 2 of CRYGD that is associated with cataracts in this family. This mutation resulted in a proline to threonine substitution at amino acid 23 of the protein in the first of the four Greek key motifs that characterise this protein. We show that although the x ray crystallography modelling does not indicate any change of the backbone conformation, the mutation affects a region of the Greek key motif that is important for determining the topology of this protein fold. Our data suggest strongly that the proline to threonine substitution may alter the protein folding or decrease the thermodynamic stability or solubility of the protein. Furthermore, this is the first report of a mutation in this gene resulting in autosomal dominant congenital cerulean cataracts

Un cas de fracture luxation négligée du coude avec conservation de la fonction du coude

Les fractures luxations du coude sont rares et souvent mal tolérées chez les sujets jeunes actifs. Nous rapportons un cas de fracture-luxation du coude remontant à 20 ans. C'est un jeune de 35 ans, victime il y a 20 ans d'un traumatisme fermé, suite à une chute lors d'un match du football, de son coude gauche occasionnant une fracture-luxation du coude. Le patient a  refusé une intervention chirurgicale avec une auto-rééducation. L'examen a mis en évidence une conservation de la fonction du coude. Un bilan  radiologique a montré une fracture luxation du coude avec remaniement de la palette humérale. Une abstention thérapeutique a été décidée devant l'ancienneté de la fracture-luxation et la gêne fonctionnelle minime  engendrée. Contrairement aux autres séries, la fracture-luxation dans notre cas était bien tolérée malgré le jeune âge du patient

A mathematical model for the burden of diabetes and its complications

BACKGROUND: The incidence and prevalence of diabetes are increasing all over the world. Complications of diabetes constitute a burden for the individuals and the whole society. METHODS: In the present paper, ordinary differential equations and numerical approximations are used to monitor the size of populations of diabetes with and without complications. RESULTS: Different scenarios are discussed according to a set of parameters and the dynamical evolution of the population from the stage of diabetes to the stage of diabetes with complications is clearly illustrated. CONCLUSIONS: The model shows how efficient and cost-effective strategies can be obtained by acting on diabetes incidence and/or controlling the evolution to the stage of complications

Gingival and submandibular lymph node metastasis of sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma

Introduction: Metastatic tumors of oral and maxillofacial region compromise 1% of all malignant oral neoplasms. Most commonly affect the jaw bone and less commonly intraoral soft tissues. They originate mainly from primary tumors of lung, breast, colon-rectum, prostate and kidney. Case report: a 77 years old man with history of sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma and liver metastasis. Two years later of being free of disease, he presented with submandi- bular lymphadenopathy and a gingival mass in right upper jaw. Fine needle aspiration of the node and biopsy of the gingival mass were performed. The cytological smears showed cohesive cell groups on a necrotic background. Biopsy examination showed subepithelial infiltration by neoplasm of glandular pattern with immunoreactivity for keratin 20 and carcinoembryonic antigen. A definitive diagnosis of node and oral metastases of colon adenocarcinoma was made. Discussion: Metastases in the oral and maxillofacial region are very uncommon and usually represent an advanced stage and disseminated disease. They present non specific radiologic and clinical features so it is imperative to reach a definitive diagnosis the cytological/histological examination. Because of its rarity, the diagnosis of metastases in the oral region are a challenging, both to the clinician and to the pathologist, in recogni- sing that a lesion is metastasic and in determining the site of origi

Isolated radial volar dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint :A rare injury

Isolated palmar dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint is an uncommon injury and classified as radio-palmar or ulno-palmar according to the direction of displacement of the fifth metacarpal base . This very rare injury is often  difficult to recognize. A careful neurologic assessment of the patient is a  necessity, as well as obtaining proper radiographs of the hand. The purpose of this report is to present a patient with a pure isolated volar dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint that was satisfactorily treated with closed  reduction and casting. A review of the literature is presente

Soft-tissue metastasis revealing a pancreatic adenocarcinoma: One case report and a review of literature

Soft tissue metastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma are rare lesions and can be the source of diagnostic confusion both clinically and pathologically. To our knowledge, one patient has been reported on with soft tissue lesions that ultimately disclose a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We report here on a patient who presented with a metastatic soft tissue lesion in the trochanter, and the buttocks, as the initial manifestation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Soft tissue metastasis from pancreatic carcinoma is a rare finding. Clinicians should be aware that metastatic soft tissue lesions could be the initial presenting sign for pancreatic cancer. Also, the immunohistochemical staining for CK 7 and 19 may be helpful for the diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma