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The influence of Widmanstätten ferrite, martensite and grain boundary carbides on the strength and impact behaviour of high Al (0.2%) and Nb containing hot rolled steels
The influence of Al and Nb on the strength and impact behaviour of hot rolled 0.06%C, 1.4%Mn steels has been determined after hot rolling to 15 and 30 mm thick plate. When 0.16%Al was added to the plain C-Mn steel, the impact behaviour significantly improved even though Widmanstätten ferrite (WF) was present. This improvement was due to refinement of the grain boundary carbides and removing the N from solution as AlN. The hot rolled steels all contained WF but when Nb was added more WF formed as well as MA giving poor impact behaviour. Reducing the hardenability from that shown in previous work by decreasing C from 0.1 to 0.06%, Nb from 0.03 to 0.02%, and cooling rate from 33 to 17 K/min had no effect in improving the impact performance of hot rolled Nb steels. To ensure optimum properties not only is it necessary to reduce the hardenability, but WF formation must be discouraged by having a high Ar3. This can only be presently achieved by refining the austenite grain size via control rolling the Nb containing steels; the benefit of adding Al can then, readily be seen. Suggestions are made as to how this might be achieved for hot rolling
Young, Robert J., In Command of France : French Foreign Policy and Military Planning, 1933-1940, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1978, xii + 346 p.
Girault, René, Diplomatie européenne et impérialisme: Histoire des relations internationales contemporaines, tome I : 1871-1914. Paris, Masson, 1979, 256 p.
Habitability of known exoplanetary systems based on measured stellar properties
At present, because of observational selection effects, we know of no
exoplanetary systems with any planetary masses close to that of the Earth. We
have therefore used computer models to see whether such planets could be
dynamically stable in the presence of the more massive planets known to be
present, and in particular whether planets with roughly an Earth mass could
remain confined to the classical habitable zone (HZ) for long enough for life
to have emerged.
Measured stellar properties have been used to determine for each system the
present location of the HZ. We have also determined the critical distances from
the orbit of each giant planet within which an Earth-mass planet would suffer
large orbital changes. We then evaluated the present habitability of each and
every exoplanetary system by examining the penetration of these critical
distances into the HZ. The critical distances can be obtained by extensive
computer modelling of an exoplanetary system. This is far too time consuming to
apply to all of the 150 or so systems already known, and to keep up with the
latest discoveries. Therefore, in earlier work we studied a few systems in
great detail, and developed a speedier means of obtaining the critical
distances. We summarize this comparatively quick method here. We can then
evaluate comparatively quickly the present habitability of each exoplanetary
system by examining the penetration of the critical distance(s) into the HZ.
The results are encouraging for astrobiology.Comment: Accepted for publication by The Astrophysical Journal. A few
revisions have been made following suggestions by the refere
Size-tuneable nanometric MRI contrast agents for the imaging of molecular weight dependent transport processes
Purpose: To evaluate size-tuneable nanomeric glycol-chitosan-DTPA-Gd conjugates as MRI contrast agents for the imaging of molecular weight (MW) dependent transport processes.
Material & Methods: Glycol chitosans (GC) – DTPA conjugates of precisely controlled MWs were synthesised and evaluated in mice against Gd-DTPA using times series of high-resolution MRI images of trunk, head, and xenograft flank tumours. All animal studies were approved by the local ethics committee and the UK authorities.
Results: GC-DTPA modification ratio was one DTPA per 3.9 – 5.13 of GC monomers. GC-DTAPGd provided overall superior contrast compared to Gd-DTPA with the duration of the
enhancement depending on MW (≥ 1h for 40kD). Kidneys showed early enhancement also in the renal pelvis suggesting renal elimination. Imaging of the head with GC-DTPA-Gd allowed detailed anatomical identification of specific blood vessels in particular with the high MW agent. Sequential high-resolution isotropic imaging of established A431 xenograft flank tumours with DTPA-Gd and GC-DTPA-Gd demonstrated that the initial delivery of the contrast agents was well correlated with blood supply. Subsequent tissue transport was primarily by diffusion and was limited by molecular weight. The data also highlight the role of heterogeneity in CA distribution that was again more prominent for the high MW agent. Conclusion: GC-DTPA-Gd with identical physical chemical properties but precisely controlled MW allow isotropic high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of molecular weight dependent transport processes which could potentially lead to clinical biomarkers for molecular weight dependent drug transport and support selection of suitable tumour models for pre-clinical development
Preparando estudantes da Pós-Graduação para a indústria e aprendizado para a vida: uma abordagem baseada em projeto
Este estudo de caso baseia-se em projetos que
têm uma dimensão de mundo real, em que os alunos estão
mais propensos a adquirir as competências e habilidades
que a indústria exige. Informações de base são apresenta-
das, relacionando vínculos entre a academia, a indústria e o
papel dos projetos dos estudantes. Os dados são provenien-
tes de programas de computação em nível de mestrado, da
Universidade de Sunderland, e dos projetos desenvolvidos
por cada um dos estudantes. Uma abordagem específica
permitiu que centenas de projetos bem sucedidos, realiza-
dos anualmente com o setor da indústria, fossem descritos
juntamente com a avaliação de sua eficácia em dar aos
alunos uma formação de competência para a vida
Organizational Assessment and Development Guide for Regional Associations
This publication was originally a product of The Regional Initiative, a 1992-1995special project cosponsored by the Council on Foundations and twenty-four of the nation's regional associations of grantmakers (RAGs). The purpose of the Initiative was to enhance the capacity of regional associations to meet their members' needs, by building both management and program effectiveness. The Initiative's long-term goal was to strengthen regional associations as agents of organized philanthropy in American life
Oxidation Reduction Potential of Developing Plaque, Periodontal Pockets and Gingival Sulci
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141573/1/jper0630.pd
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