About some economic applications of cohort analysis

Nowadays, there is the problem of evaluating the return on advertising costs for industries with a delayed conversion. Cohort analysis is a series of studies which are conducted at certain time intervals. Using cohort analysis we can better assess the effectiveness of advertising channels for industries with a delayed conversion. Cohort analysis can be used to analyze following items: efficiency in the context of "traffic sources", usefulness of changes on the web site; assessment of effectiveness of marketing campaigns; assessment of impact of seasonality on the behavior of the user; the decision-making period. The article presents an overview of tools we can use to collect data for analysis. The article also describes the method of selection and the variants of the cohorts to construct the analysis. For demonstration of the proposed method and calculation variant, there is considered the practical example of building a cohort analysis. Using these method and the example of calculating, the companies with delayed conversion can analyze the effectiveness of Internet advertising for different advertising channels. © 2018 Author(s)

Statistical analysis of the use an internal capital adequacy assessment procedure in the monitoring of banks stability

To increase the stability of the banking system, it is necessary to use effective systems of risk management and monitoring of banks. One of these systems is the internal procedure for capital adequacy assessment (IPCAA). The purpose of this study is to assess, using a statistical analysis, the impact of the IPCAA procedure on changes in the value of banks' capital adequacy ratios. Some results of monitoring data are presented on risk-weighted assets, level 1 and 2 capitals, and capital adequacy ratios (CAR) for two foreign (2008 - 2018) and three Russian banks (2014 - 2018). The study showed the direct effect of increasing the risk-weighted assets on the level of capital adequacy (CAR). The results obtained allow concluding that there is a direct significant connection between the IPCAA procedure use and the stability of banks. This procedure provides a comprehensive assessment of the overall capital adequacy of banks, taking into account the existing risks in order to maintain an adequate and stable forecast level of capital. The study also revealed the needs of banks in creating adequate structures to ensure proper management of financial and operational risks, which will simplify the IPCAA process and ensure more effective capital planning and decision-making to provide the stability of both individual banks and the entire banking system. © 2020 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved

Development of methods of physical modeling of high-temperature processes in microwave field

In the work discusses the basics of using the microwave field to simulate individual high-temperature processes. The work outlines the applications of the microwave field for the processing of technological waste. In the work the layout technological schemes on the basis of a household microwave oven are proposed.В работе рассмотрены аспекты использования микроволнового поля для моделирования отдельных высокотемпературных процессов. Изложены варианты применения СВЧ поля для переработки техногенных отходов. Предложены компоновочные технологические схемы на основе бытовой микроволновой печи

Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonists for atrial fibrillation in clinical practice: GLORIA-AF Registry

Background and purpose: Prospectively collected data comparing the safety and effectiveness of individual non-vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) are lacking. Our objective was to directly compare the effectiveness and safety of NOACs in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: In GLORIA-AF, a large, prospective, global registry program, consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AF were followed for 3 years. The comparative analyses for (1) dabigatran vs rivaroxaban or apixaban and (2) rivaroxaban vs apixaban were performed on propensity score (PS)-matched patient sets. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes of interest. Results: The GLORIA-AF Phase III registry enrolled 21,300 patients between January 2014 and December 2016. Of these, 3839 were prescribed dabigatran, 4015 rivaroxaban and 4505 apixaban, with median ages of 71.0, 71.0, and 73.0 years, respectively. In the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dabigatran vs rivaroxaban were, for stroke: 1.27 (0.79–2.03), major bleeding 0.59 (0.40–0.88), myocardial infarction 0.68 (0.40–1.16), and all-cause death 0.86 (0.67–1.10). For the comparison of dabigatran vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 1.16 (0.76–1.78), myocardial infarction 0.84 (0.48–1.46), major bleeding 0.98 (0.63–1.52) and all-cause death 1.01 (0.79–1.29). For the comparison of rivaroxaban vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 0.78 (0.52–1.19), myocardial infarction 0.96 (0.63–1.45), major bleeding 1.54 (1.14–2.08), and all-cause death 0.97 (0.80–1.19). Conclusions: Patients treated with dabigatran had a 41% lower risk of major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban, but similar risks of stroke, MI, and death. Relative to apixaban, patients treated with dabigatran had similar risks of stroke, major bleeding, MI, and death. Rivaroxaban relative to apixaban had increased risk for major bleeding, but similar risks for stroke, MI, and death. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01468701, NCT01671007. Date of registration: September 2013

Anticoagulant selection in relation to the SAMe-TT2R2 score in patients with atrial fibrillation. the GLORIA-AF registry

Aim: The SAMe-TT2R2 score helps identify patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) likely to have poor anticoagulation control during anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and those with scores >2 might be better managed with a target-specific oral anticoagulant (NOAC). We hypothesized that in clinical practice, VKAs may be prescribed less frequently to patients with AF and SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 than to patients with lower scores. Methods and results: We analyzed the Phase III dataset of the Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF), a large, global, prospective global registry of patients with newly diagnosed AF and ≥1 stroke risk factor. We compared baseline clinical characteristics and antithrombotic prescriptions to determine the probability of the VKA prescription among anticoagulated patients with the baseline SAMe-TT2R2 score >2 and ≤ 2. Among 17,465 anticoagulated patients with AF, 4,828 (27.6%) patients were prescribed VKA and 12,637 (72.4%) patients an NOAC: 11,884 (68.0%) patients had SAMe-TT2R2 scores 0-2 and 5,581 (32.0%) patients had scores >2. The proportion of patients prescribed VKA was 28.0% among patients with SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 and 27.5% in those with scores ≤2. Conclusions: The lack of a clear association between the SAMe-TT2R2 score and anticoagulant selection may be attributed to the relative efficacy and safety profiles between NOACs and VKAs as well as to the absence of trial evidence that an SAMe-TT2R2-guided strategy for the selection of the type of anticoagulation in NVAF patients has an impact on clinical outcomes of efficacy and safety. The latter hypothesis is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial. Clinical trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov//Unique identifier: NCT01937377, NCT01468701, and NCT01671007

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Clinical trial of fibrinselective thrombolytic pharmaceutical agent «FORTELYZIN®» (III Phase)

The clinical trial of fibrinselective thrombolytic agent Fortelyzin® (III phase) showed the comparative efficacy and safety with Actilyse® in patients with acute myocardial infarction and obtained data permitted to recommend it for clinical usage

Методические основы расширенного воспроизводства автотранспортных средств

Currently, Russian international road transport carriers do not have sufficient potential to successfully compete with their foreign partners. The main reasons for this are significant deterioration of the car fleet and its non-compliance to modern environmental requirements, lack of own funds for timely renovation and development of the motor transport fleet, as well as systemic lag in development of transportation technologies and their logistics support.The objective of the article is to substantiate the choice of rational measures to solve the problem of expanded reproduction of car fleet used in international road haulage. The methodology used in preparation of the article is based on the use of general scientific methods in combination with special methods, including the analysis of statistical data on international road haulage, a comparative analysis of the state of the car fleet of Russian carriers, considering the basic conditions and operational characteristics, classification of the fleet of trucks based on typification of their operational characteristics with subsequent subdivision of this fleet into three main groups, an overview analysis and benchmarking of foreign operating experience and future development of car fleet, an analysis of the economic and legal possibilities of raising funds for renewal of car fleet.The article examines and studies: a) urgency of solving the problem of renewal and expansion of the car fleet used by Russian carriers in international road transportation; b) foreign experience and trends in development of fleet used for international haulage; c) the main directions of providing economic opportunities for transition to expanded renewal of vehicles; d) analysis of the legal possibilities of providing public support for expanded reproduction of the motor transport fleet of Russian international road carriers including through the use of public-private partnerships.Based on the results of the study, proposals have been developed aimed at ensuring renewal and expansion of car fleet and increasing the efficiency of international road haulage operations. В настоящее время российские перевозчики грузов в международном автомобильном сообщении не обладают достаточным потенциалом для успешной конкуренции с их иностранными партнёрами. Основными причинами такого положения являются значительная изношенность парка автомобилей и несоответствие его современным экологическим требованиям, недостаток собственных средств для своевременной реновации и развития автотранспортного парка, а также системное отставание в развитии технологий перевозок и их логистического сопровождения.Цель статьи – обосновать рациональные меры для решения проблемы расширенного воспроизводства автомобильного подвижного состава, используемого при перевозках грузов в международном сообщении. Методология, использованная при подготовке статьи, основана на использовании общенаучных методов в сочетании со специальными методами, включавшими анализ статистических данных о перевозках грузов в международном автомобильном сообщении, сравнительный анализ состояния парка автомобилей российских перевозчиков с учётом основных условий и эксплуатационных характеристик, классификацию парка грузовых автомобилей на основе типизации их эксплуатационных характеристик с последующим подразделением этого парка на три основные группы, обзорный анализ и бенчмаркинг зарубежного опыта эксплуатации и перспективного развития парка подвижного состава, анализ экономических и правовых возможностей привлечения средств для воспроизводства парка подвижного состава.В статье рассмотрены и изучены: а) актуальность решения проблемы расширенного воспроизводства парка автотранспортных средств, используемых российскими перевозчиками в международном сообщении; б) зарубежный опыт и тенденции развития парка подвижного состава, используемого для международных перевозок грузов; в) основные направления обеспечения экономических возможностей перехода к расширенному воспроизводству транспортных средств; г) анализ правовых возможностей государственной поддержки расширенного воспроизводства автотранспортного парка российских перевозчиков в международном грузовом сообщении, в том числе за счёт применения государственно-частного партнёрства.На основе результатов исследования разработаны предложения, направленные на обеспечение расширенного воспроизводства парка транспортных средств и повышение эффективности работы перевозчиков в международном автомобильном сообщении.