Efectos de cantaxantina dietaria sobre el estres por radiacion ultravioleta en el camarón Artemesia longinaris

The aims of this research were to investigate the effects of diets with added synthetic canthaxanthin (10% parafarm) and to evaluate its possible protective role under ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in prawn Artemesia longinaris. Three isoproteic and isolipidic diets (41% protein and 12% lipid) containing 0 (C0), 100 (C100), and 300 (C300) mg of canthaxanthin kg-1 of diet were prepared. Before initiating the radiation experiment, prawns were fed with the different diets for a period of 21 d in order to determine a possible accumulation of carotenoids. Afterwards, animals were exposed to two radiation treatments for 7 d: a) photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm), and b) total radiation (PAR+UVR, 280-700 nm), under controlled conditions (19 ± 2 °C, salinity = 33, pH = 7). In animals exposed to PAR+UVR treatment, survival varied between 50 and 83.33% with the highest value in animals fed diet C300. At the end of the experiment, significant statistical differences were registered in integument carotenoid concentration. Under UVR stress, the highest decrease in non-polar carotenoid and esterified astaxanthin were recorded in prawns fed diets containing canthaxanthin. Scavenging properties were evaluated by electron resonance spectroscopy (EPR) using the stable 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Prawns fed with C300 showed the greatest activity to quench DPPH. Results suggested that dietary canthaxanthin could be acting as an antioxidant against reactive oxygen species and produced high tolerance under UVR stress.Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron investigar los efectos de dietas adicionadas con cataxantina sintética (10% parafarm) y evaluar su posible papel protector bajo la radiación ultravioleta (RUV) en el camarón Artemesia longinaris. Se prepararon tres dietas isoprotéicas e isolipídicas (41% proteína y 12% lípidos) con 0 (C0), 100 (C100) y 300 (C300) mg de cantaxantina kg-1 de dieta. Previo al experimento de radiación, los camarones fueron alimentados con las diferentes dietas durante 21 d para determinar una posible acumulación de carotenoides. Posteriormente, los animales fueron expuestos a dos tratamientos de radiación durante 7 d: a) radiación fotosintéticamente activa (PAR, 400-700 nm), y b) radiación total (PAR+RUV, 280-700 nm), bajo condiciones controladas (19 ± 2 °C, salinidad = 33, pH = 7). En los individuos expuestos al tratamiento PAR+RUV, la supervivencia varió entre 50 y 83,33%, con el valor más alto en animales alimentados con dieta C300. Al final del experimento, se registraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en la concentración de carotenoides en el tegumento. Bajo estrés por RUV se registró la mayor disminución de carotenoides no polares y astaxantina esterificada en camarones alimentados con dietas con cataxantina. La capacidad antioxidante se evaluó mediante espectroscopía de resonancia electrónica (EPR) utilizando el radical estable 2,2-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH). Los camarones alimentados con C300 mostraron la mayor actividad evidenciada por el decaimiento de DPPH. Los resultados sugirieron que la cantaxantina dietaria podría estar actuando como un antioxidante contra las especies reactivas de oxígeno y producir una alta tolerancia bajo estrés por RUV

Niche of harmful alga Aureococcus anophagefferens revealed through ecogenomics

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of National Academy of Sciences for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (2011): 4352-4357, doi:10.1073/pnas.1016106108.Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause significant economic and ecological damage worldwide. Despite considerable efforts, a comprehensive understanding of the factors that promote these blooms has been lacking because the biochemical pathways that facilitate their dominance relative to other phytoplankton within specific environments have not been identified. Here, biogeochemical measurements demonstrated that the harmful 43 Aureococcus anophagefferens outcompeted co-occurring phytoplankton in estuaries with elevated levels of dissolved organic matter and turbidity and low levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. We subsequently sequenced the first HAB genome (A. anophagefferens) and compared its gene complement to those of six competing phytoplankton species identified via metaproteomics. Using an ecogenomic approach, we specifically focused on the gene sets that may facilitate dominance within the environmental conditions present during blooms. A. anophagefferens possesses a larger genome (56 mbp) and more genes involved in light harvesting, organic carbon and nitrogen utilization, and encoding selenium- and metal-requiring enzymes than competing phytoplankton. Genes for the synthesis of microbial deterrents likely permit the proliferation of this species with reduced mortality losses during blooms. Collectively, these findings suggest that anthropogenic activities resulting in elevated levels of turbidity, organic matter, and metals have opened a niche within coastal ecosystems that ideally suits the unique genetic capacity of A. anophagefferens and thus has facilitated the proliferation of this and potentially other HABs.Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Efforts were also supported by awards from New York Sea Grant to Stony Brook University, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research award #NA09NOS4780206 to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, NIH grant GM061603 to Harvard University, and NSF award IOS-0841918 to The University of Tennessee

Interactive Effect of UVR and Phosphorus on the Coastal Phytoplankton Community of the Western Mediterranean Sea: Unravelling Eco- Physiological Mechanisms

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Supplementary Material for: Cutaneous Neoplasms in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1

<p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The most frequent skin features associated with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) are frontal alopecia and pilomatrixomas. Several reports suggest that the incidence of basal cell carcinoma is increased in DM1. However, two recently published studies examining this topic have contradictory results. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To retrospectively study the incidence of cutaneous tumours in patients with DM1. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The clinical features of 102 Caucasian patients diagnosed with DM1 at Bellvitge Hospital in Barcelona, Spain, were retrospectively analysed. Clinical charts of the patients were reviewed, and cutaneous tumours diagnosed in our hospital were recorded. A group of 103 Caucasian patients matched for age and sex were used as the control group. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 56 male and 46 female patients with DM1 were included in the study (mean age 49.07 years, SD 13.02). At least 1 basal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 6 patients in the DM1 group versus 3 patients in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.332). The mean age at diagnosis of the first basal cell carcinoma was 51 years compared with 66 years in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.035). Five patients with DM1 presented pilomatrixomas versus none in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.029). We did not detect any melanoma in our DM1 patients. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Basal cell carcinomas appeared at a significantly younger age in our DM1 patients than in the general population, and this suggests that, at least in some patients, DM1 may predispose to the development of basal cell carcinomas.</p