Proximity effect in atomic-scaled hybrid superconductor/ferromagnet structures: crucial role of electron spectra

We study the influence of the configuration of the majority and minority spin subbands of electron spectra on the properties of atomic-scaled superconductor-ferromagnet S-F-S and F-S-F hybrid structures. At low temperatures, the S/F/S junction is either a 0 or junction depending on the energy shift between S and F materials and the anisotropy of the Fermi surfaces. We found that the spin switch effect in F/S/F system can be reversed if the minority spin electron spectra in F metal is of the hole-like type

Critical Current Oscillations in Strong Ferromagnetic Pi-Junctions

We report magnetic and electrical measurements of Nb Josephson junctions with strongly ferromagnetic barriers of Co, Ni and Ni80Fe20 (Py). All these materials show multiple oscillations of critical current with barrier thickness implying repeated 0-pi phase-transitions in the superconducting order parameter. We show in particular that the Co barrier devices can be accurately modelled using existing clean limit theories and so that, despite the high exchange energy (309 meV), the large IcRN value in the pi-state means Co barriers are ideally suited to the practical development of superconducting pi-shift devices.Comment: 4 pages 3 figures 1 table. Revised version as accepted for publication. To appear in Physical Review Letter

Properties of tunnel Josephson junctions with a ferromagnetic interlayer

We investigate superconductor/insulator/ferromagnet/superconductor (SIFS) tunnel Josephson junctions in the dirty limit, using the quasiclassical theory. We formulate a quantitative model describing the oscillations of critical current as a function of thickness of the ferromagnetic layer and use this model to fit recent experimental data. We also calculate quantitatively the density of states (DOS) in this type of junctions and compare DOS oscillations with those of the critical current.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

International legal regulation of environmental management

The article provides an overview of the main international documents regulating environmental management measures. Identified three areas of modern international legal regulation of rational economic environmental manageme

Incentives for independent anti-corruption experts of normative legal acts and their projects

The article is devoted to the problem of incentives for independent anti-corruption experts conducting examination of normative legal acts and their project

Regulamento legal internacional de gestão ambiental

The article provides an overview of the main international documents regulating environmental management measures. Identified three areas of modern international legal regulation of rational economic environmental management. Especially analyzed the fundamental principle in this area - the use of the best available technology. The conclusion is made about the feasibility of developing a single universal international treaty on the issues under consideration.El artículo proporciona una visión general de los principales protocolos internacionales de gestión de la gestión de la gestión. Identificados tres áreas de la modernización de la legislación internacional de regulación de la racionalización de los sistemas de gestión. En particular, el principio fundamental de este ámbito es el uso de la tecnología más avanzada. La conclusión se ha hecho sobre la viabilidad de la actuación a un único universal internacional tratada sobre los temas en cuestión.O artigo fornece uma visão geral dos principais documentos internacionais que regulam as medidas de gestão ambiental. Identificou três áreas de regulação legal internacional moderna de gestão ambiental econômica racional. Especialmente analisado o princípio fundamental nesta área - o uso da melhor tecnologia disponível. A conclusão é feita sobre a viabilidade do desenvolvimento de um tratado universal universal sobre as questões em consideração

Density of states in SF bilayers with arbitrary strength of magnetic scattering

We developed the self-consistent method for the calculation of the density of states $N(\epsilon)$ in the SF bilayers. It based on the quasi-classical Usadel equations and takes into account the suppression of superconductivity in the S layer due to the proximity effect with the F metal, as well as existing mechanisms of the spin dependent electron scattering. We demonstrate that the increase of the spin orbit or spin flip electron scattering rates results in completely different transformations of $N(\epsilon)$ at the free F layer interface. The developed formalism has been applied for the interpretation of the available experimental data.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figure