Ácidos grasos y parámetros de calidad del aceite de semilla de uva silvestre (Vitis spp.)

Mexico is one of the centers of origin of the genus Vitis. Most of the native species are in an underutilized or neglected status. Thus, this work was performed aiming the determination of the potential of Mexican native grapes as a source of plant oil. It was determined the amount of oil and its fatty acid composition in seeds of wild grapes (Vitis spp.) in fruits collected in Temascaltepec, Mexico and harvested from a cropped accession growing in Zumpahuacán, Mexico. The average content of oil in seeds was 16.7% presenting four main fatty acids, linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic (71.5, 17.2, 6.6 and 4.3%, respectively). In the oil obtained from Temascaltepec grapes, there were determined some oil quality indexes. Possibly, the unsaturated fatty acid content explains the index of iodine (57.9 g/100 g), soapy number (170.7 mg/g), as well as the peroxide value (30 mEq/kg). Nevertheless, the high content of unsaturated fatty acid was not related with the smoking point (211 °C), although this value might be related to the content of palmitic and stearic acid. Oil from wild grape shows similar quality parameters compared with V. vinifera seed oil, thus its culinary, agro-industrial and cosmetic potential is noted.México es centro de origen de varias especies de Vitis. La gran mayoría de ellas no son empleadas en la agricultura e industrias derivadas. Como parte de la exploración de su potencial agroindustrial se identificó y cuantificó a los ácidos grasos del aceite de semilla de vid silvestre (Vitis spp.) de frutos de Temascaltepec, México y de la accesión E-201, cultivada en Zumpahuacán, México. El contenido promedio de aceite en la semilla fue de 16,7%, encontrando ácido linoleico (71,5%), oleico (17,2%), palmítico (6,6%) y esteárico (4,3%). En el aceite obtenido en vides de Temascaltepec se determinó índice de yodo (57,9 g/100 g), índice de saponificación (170,7 mg/g) e índice de peroxidos (30 mEq/kg), valores relacionados posiblemente al contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados. Sin embargo, ese mismo grado de insaturación no concordó con el punto de humeo observado (211 °C), lo cual posiblemente está relacionado con el contenido de ácidos palmítico y esteárico. El aceite de semilla de vid silvestre cumple parcialmente con los estándares establecidos para el aceite de semilla de V. vinifera, lo cual implica su potencial culinario, agroindustrial y cosmetológico

Frozen ground and snow cover monitoring in Livingston and Deception islands, Antarctica: preliminary results of the 2015-2019 PERMASNOW project

Since 2006, our research team has been establishing in the islands of Livingston and Deception, (South Shetland archipelago, Antarctica) several monitoring stations of the active layer thickness within the international network Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM), and the ground thermal regime for the Ground Terrestrial Network-Permafrost (GTN-P). Both networks were developed within the International Permafrost Association (IPA). In the GTN-P stations, in addition to the temperature of the air, soil, and terrain at different depths, the snow thickness is also monitored by snow poles. Since 2006, a delay in the disappearance of the snow layer has been observed, which could explain the variations we observed in the active layer thickness and permafrost temperatures. Therefore, in late 2015 our research group started the PERMASNOW project (2015-2019) to pay attention to the effect of snow cover on ground thermal This project had two different ways to study the snow cover. On the first hand, in early 2017 we deployed new instrumentation, including new time lapse cameras, snow poles with high number of sensors and a complete and complex set of instruments and sensors to configure a snow pack analyzer station providing 32 environmental and snow parameters. We used the data acquired along 2017 and 2018 years with the new instruments, together with the available from all our already existing sensors, to study in detail the snow cover. On the other hand, remote sensing data were used to try to map the snow cover, not only at our monitoring stations but the entire islands in order to map and study the snow cover distribution, as well as to start the way for future permafrost mapping in the entire islands. MODIS-derived surface temperatures and albedo products were used to detect the snow cover and to test the surface temperature. Since cloud presence limited the acquisition of valid observations of MODIS sensor, we also analyzed Terrasar X data to overcome this limitation. Remote sensing data validation required the acquirement of in situ ground-true data, consisting on data from our permanent instruments, as well as ad hoc measurements in the field (snow cover mapping, snow pits, albedo characterization, etc.). Although the project is finished, the data analysis is still ongoing. We present here the different research tasks we are developing as well as the most important results we already obtained about the snow cover. These results confirm how the snow cover duration has been changing in the last years, affecting the ground thermal behavior.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SOBRE LOS EVENTOS QUE SE DESATAN CUANDO LA LUZ INCIDE SOBRE UNA NANOESTRUCTURA

La interacción de la radiación con la materia es un hecho cotidiano en la naturaleza, se pueden recordar  fenómenos como la fotosíntesis, interacción de la luz solar con las plantas para generar alimento y la generación de la vitamina D en nuestra piel. Con la formación de sistemas masivos, galaxias, estrellas, planetas, en los albores del universo, se establece la radiación electromagnética, la cual se caracteriza por contener ondas con longitudes desde los kilómetros, ondas de radio, hasta longitudes menores que 10-12 m, rayos gama, pasando por la radiación visible detectada por nuestra retina. En este artículo divulgativo, dirigido al público en general, basado en la investigación de Duque et al [1], se va a tratar acerca de los conceptos involucrados en la interacción de la luz con nanoestructuras semiconductoras.The interaction of radiation with matter is an everyday event in nature, we can recall phenomena such as photosynthesis, sunlight interaction with plants to produce food and the generation of vitamin D in our skin. With the formation of massive systems, galaxies, stars, planets, in the early universe, electromagnetic radiation was established, which is characterized by containing wavelengths from the kilometer radio waves to shorter lengths 10-12 m, gamma rays, through visible radiation detected by the retina. In this informative article, for the general public, based on the work by Duque et al [1], the objective is to describe the concepts involved in the interaction of light with semiconductor nanostructures

Efficiency on the Use of Radiation and Corn Yield under Three Densities of Sowing

Aiming to evaluate sowing densities and efficiency of radiation use, six corn genotypes, three from open pollination (“Amarillo Almoloya,” “Cacahuacintle,” and “Jiquipilco”) and three hybrids (“Z-60,” “Condor,” and “H-50”), were sown at densities of 6.9, 7.8, and 8.9 plants m−2, under a split plot design, within a factorial arrangement of treatments during three years (2008, 2009, and 2010). Evaluated variables were yield, harvest index, biomass production, attenuation coefficient, and radiation use efficiency. Results indicate that 2008 was the best year because yield, biomass, and radiation use efficiency were 1132.6, 3505 gm−2, and 0.79 g MJ−1, respectively. “Jiquipilco” was the genotype that exhibited the best adaptability to climatic conditions of the zone; thus, it is recommended to be grown on the studied zone

Human and ecotoxicological impacts assessment from the Mexican oil industry in the Coatzacoalcos region, as revealed by the USEtox™ model

Human and ecotoxicological impacts were analyzed in the lower basin of the Coatzacoalcos River (Veracruz, State in Mexico). High pollution levels of contaminants from the oil industry have been reported in natural streams and the Coatzacoalcos River and in their sediments. USEtox™ model was employed to evaluate environmental fate, exposure, and effect of nine organic compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and one of which was in the group of polychlorinated biphenyls), a heavy metal (lead), and the effect of the industrial wastewater emitted into the river, on the Coatzacoalcos region. Most of these compounds are highly toxic; they bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, mainly in the fatty tissues and can damage different organs and systemic targets such as the liver, kidney, hormonal system, nervous system, etc., of both humans and wildlife. The model estimates that 96 % (3,247 kg/day) of organic compounds is transferred from the water into air, whereas only 4 % (151 kg/day) remains in the water. In addition, it predicts that humans are mainly exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners (28 and 153) by eating contaminated fish, due to PCBs accumulating in the fish fat tissue. The number of cases of cancer and noncancer (1 in 862 habitants per additional kilogram) is expected to have an increment due to the higher PCBs exposure of human population. Genetic damages in fishes, earthworms, and toads have been observed and related to higher exposure to organic compounds. The relationship between the field reported data and those one predicted by the USEtox™ model have been confirmed empirically by using the nonparametric correlation analysis (Spearman's rho). Based on the USEtox model, the environmental stress in the Coatzacoalcos industrial zone is between 2 and 6 orders of magnitude over geometric mean of acute aquatic EC50s. We think that USEtox model can be used to expand the number of substances that have the current water quality guidelines to improve the watermanagement inMexico

Polarimetric coronagraphy of BD+31643

Context. The binary B5V star BD+31?643 exhibits a disk-like structure detected at optical wavelengths. Even though the feature is well centered on the star, it has been argued, based on Spitzer observations, that the feature is a filament not directly associated to the binary star. Aims. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate whether polarization imaging may provide evidence either for or against the disk hypothesis. In addition, we aim at clarifying whether there might be any additional close companion to the binary star. Methods. We used the coronagraph PolCor in its polarization mode in combination with an EMCCD camera allowing short unit exposure times. As a result of shift-and-add and frame selection, the spatial resolution is improved compared to traditional CCD imaging. In order to possibly reveal an additional stellar companion, we used high resolution spectroscopy in the optical and high spatial resolution imaging in the near-IR. Results. The disk/filament is much better seen in polarization; it is narrow and a line drawn along the ridge passes within a second of arc from the star. The degree of polarization is high (?50% after correction for the extended component of the reflection nebula) which means that the disk/filament must be approximately at the same distance as the star. Although we confirm that the feature is much brighter south-east than north-west of the star, the evidence that the feature is physically connected to the star is strengthened and suggests that we are witnessing the destruction process of an accretion disk. Our spectroscopy shows that at least one of the stars is a spectroscopic binary. We were, however, not able to spatially resolve any stellar component in addition to the two well separated stars.Comment: 9 pages, 19 figure

Measurement of the Crab Nebula Spectrum Past 100 TeV with HAWC

We present TeV gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard reference source in ground-based gamma-ray astronomy, using data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory. In this analysis we use two independent energy-estimation methods that utilize extensive air shower variables such as the core position, shower angle, and shower lateral energy distribution. In contrast, the previously published HAWC energy spectrum roughly estimated the shower energy with only the number of photomultipliers triggered. This new methodology yields a much improved energy resolution over the previous analysis and extends HAWC's ability to accurately measure gamma-ray energies well beyond 100 TeV. The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula is well fit to a log parabola shape $\left(\frac{dN}{dE} = \phi_0 \left(E/\textrm{7 TeV}\right)^{-\alpha-\beta\ln\left(E/\textrm{7 TeV}\right)}\right)$ with emission up to at least 100 TeV. For the first estimator, a ground parameter that utilizes fits to the lateral distribution function to measure the charge density 40 meters from the shower axis, the best-fit values are $\phi_o$=(2.35$\pm$0.04$^{+0.20}_{-0.21}$)$\times$10$^{-13}$ (TeV cm$^2$ s)$^{-1}$, $\alpha$=2.79$\pm$0.02$^{+0.01}_{-0.03}$, and $\beta$=0.10$\pm$0.01$^{+0.01}_{-0.03}$. For the second estimator, a neural network which uses the charge distribution in annuli around the core and other variables, these values are $\phi_o$=(2.31$\pm$0.02$^{+0.32}_{-0.17}$)$\times$10$^{-13}$ (TeV cm$^2$ s)$^{-1}$, $\alpha$=2.73$\pm$0.02$^{+0.03}_{-0.02}$, and $\beta$=0.06$\pm$0.01$\pm$0.02. The first set of uncertainties are statistical; the second set are systematic. Both methods yield compatible results. These measurements are the highest-energy observation of a gamma-ray source to date.Comment: published in Ap