Heavier alkali-metal gallates as platforms for accessing functionalized abnormal NHC carbene-gallium complexes

By sequentially treating the unsaturated carbene IPr (IPr = 1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) with heavier alkali-metal alkyls NaR or KR (R = CH2SiMe3) and GaR3, novel heteroleptic gallates 1 and 2 have been prepared. Incorporating anionic NHC ligands, these bimetallic complexes react selectively with electrophilles to afford neutral abnormal NHC Ga complexes under mild conditions

‘Engagement’ y redes sociales. Análisis bibliométrico desde el ámbito científico de las relaciones públicas.

Uno de los aspectos de mayor influen­cia de las redes sociales es el engage­ment de los stakeholders, mediante el cual una empresa puede conversar con sus grupos de interés. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis bibliométrico que permita identificar la importancia y la evolución del enga­gement en redes sociales en el ámbito de las empresas dentro de la literatura especializada en relaciones públicas y gestión de comunicación. Un análisis de contenido cuantitativo bibliométrico nos ha permitido evaluar la actividad y la producción científica de las publicaciones que aparecen en las revistas académicas con mejor posición en JCR y Scopus en el ámbito de gestión de las relaciones públicas en el período comprendido entre 2010 y 2017. Para el análisis se han incluido indicadores de producción, dispersión, colaboración, li­teratura científica, rigurosidad empírica y asociaciones temáticas. Los resultados evidencian un crecimien­to gradual durante los años de estudio de la productividad científica sobre la temática objeto de este estudio, de acuerdo con los indicadores de disper­sión. Se han detectado diez categorías temáticas principales y algunas tenden­cias en cuanto a la autoría y el uso de referencias. Tras analizar todos los datos queda patente la importancia que adquiere el engagement en redes sociales en el ámbito de las relaciones públicas. Es especialmente notable el número de artículos referentes al análisis de la res­ponsabilidad social corporativa (RSC), la comunicación de crisis, la legitimidad o la reputación, debido al creciente inte­rés que tienen las empresas en mejorar y profundizar en la relación que mantie­nen con sus públicos.post-print1284 K

Comunicación de crisis (2008-2018). Revisión de los principales avances de conocimiento empírico en gestión de comunicación.

La mayoría de las organizaciones se enfrentan a situaciones de crisis que ponen en peligro la confianza de sus grupos de interés. La comunicación de crisis se ha convertido en una de las áreas más prominentes tanto en la práctica como en la investigación de relaciones públicas. Este estudio presenta un análisis cuantitativo sobre la investigación científica reciente en comunicación de crisis, con el fin de recoger el estado y los principales avances actuales en esta área. Para ello, se han seleccionado artículos de revistas presentes en seis bases de datos internacionales destacadas: ProQuest Research Library, ABI/Inform Collection, EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost Communication & Mass Media Complete y Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete. En concreto, se han recogido y analizado 143 artículos científicos publicados entre 2008 y 2018 en seis revistas internacionales revisadas por pares referentes de relaciones públicas y comunicación de crisis, así como la principal de gestión de crisis, incluidas en las bases de datos de evaluación Journal Citation Reports (JCR) y Scopus-CiteScore: Public relations review, Journal of contingencies and crisis management, Corporate communications, Journal of public relations research, Journal of communication management e International journal of strategic communication. La revisión de los textos ha desembocado en el establecimiento de cinco preguntas de investigación, correspondientes a seis objetivos. La técnica cuantitativa empleada ha sido el análisis de contenido, que se ha enfocado sobre los siguientes elementos: temas, teorías, métodos, resultados y características geo-culturales de los autores. Los resultados muestran las tendencias investigadoras del área en la última década.post-print481 K

MicroRNA-200 Family Modulation in Distinct Breast Cancer Phenotypes

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis in a variety of cancer types. In human breast cancer, gene expression studies have determined that basal-B/claudin-low and metaplastic cancers exhibit EMT-related characteristics, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this observation are unknown. As the family of miR-200 microRNAs has been shown to regulate EMT in normal tissues and cancer, here we evaluated whether the expression of the miR-200 family (miR-200f) and their epigenetic state correlate with EMT features in human breast carcinomas. We analyzed by qRT-PCR the expression of miR-200f members and various EMT-transcriptional inducers in a series of 70 breast cancers comprising an array of phenotypic subtypes: estrogen receptor positive (ER+), HER2 positive (HER2+), and triple negative (TN), including a subset of metaplastic breast carcinomas (MBCs) with sarcomatous (homologous or heterologous) differentiation. No MBCs with squamous differentiation were included. The DNA methylation status of miR-200f loci in tumor samples were inspected using Sequenom MassArray® MALDI-TOF platform. We also used two non-tumorigenic breast basal cell lines that spontaneously undergo EMT to study the modulation of miR-200f expression during EMT in vitro. We demonstrate that miR-200f is strongly decreased in MBCs compared with other cancer types. TN and HER2+ breast cancers also exhibited lower miR-200f expression than ER+ tumors. Significantly, the decreased miR-200f expression found in MBCs is accompanied by an increase in the expression levels of EMT-transcriptional inducers, and hypermethylation of the miR-200c-141 locus. Similar to tumor samples, we demonstrated that downregulation of miR-200f and hypermethylation of the miR-200c-141 locus, together with upregulation of EMT-transcriptional inducers also occur in an in vitro cellular model of spontaneous EMT. Thus, the expression and methylation status of miR-200f could be used as hypothetical biomarkers to assess the occurrence of EMT in breast cancer. © 2012 Castilla et al.This work was supported by grants from: the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII; Grant Nos PI07/90324 and PI080971) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN), co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund, “A way to achieve Europe” EDRF (Grant No. RD06/0020/0013); the Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Salud, Grant No.PI-0384/2007, PI0581/2009); the Consejería de Innovación (Proyecto de Excelencia, Grant No. P07-CVI-03100); and Sandra Ibarra Foundation (Grant No. 2011/088) to JP. MAC and JDM are PhD researchers funded by the ISCIII (Grant No. RD06/0020/0013) and the Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía (PI0581/2009), respectively. DS was funded by an EU Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship (PIEF-GA-2008-221083) and by Breakthrough Breast Cancer. LRP is a PhD student recipient of a PFIS fellowship (Grant No. F109/00193). MB is a researcher funded by the ISCIII-Red de Biobancos RD09/0076/00085. SR works as a lab technician supported by the ISCIII (PI080971). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer Reviewe

Determinación del modelo de comportamiento hasta rotura de los aceros corrugados tempcore mediante modelado 3D

El estudio del comportamiento real hasta rotura de los metales resulta de gran interés en la industria ya que permite determinar la tenacidad o energía absorbida durante el proceso de deformación y rotura. En cuanto a los aceros estructurales, existe el interés añadido de conocer su respuesta real ante cargas asociadas a situaciones límites como son los movimientos sísmicos. En este trabajo se aborda el comportamiento tenso-deformacional de los aceros corrugados Tempcore. La peculiar geometría de estas barras, diseñadas a tal efecto para aumentar la adherencia acero-hormigón, dificulta el análisis de la fase de estricción desde la metodología que tradicionalmente se sigue para probetas cilíndricas, basada en diversas hipótesis de partida que no se cumplen en probetas corrugadas. Por tanto, se hace necesario el planteamiento de nuevos principios y, por ende, de nuevos procesos que permitan abordar su estudio. En este trabajo se presentan algunos de los avances realizados referentes a la evolución del perfil del cuello y a las deformaciones sufridas por las diferentes secciones transversales del mismo para estas barras.The real tensile behavior of metals beyond the UTS must be considered to calculate toughness or absorbed energy till fracture. Structural steels, designed to withstand earthquakes, are the typical material where post necking behavior can be of paramount importance. This paper deals with the tensile stress-strain behavior of TEMPCORE Rebar, a specifically shaped structural steel. Helical, short ribs, formed by rolling, protrude from the cylindrical basic shape of the Rebar. This help in increasing concrete/steel adherence in reinforced structures. On the other hand, those ribs make it difficult to assess strain distribution in the necking area, according to wellknown theories describing neck shape. New or modified experimental methods, along with new theoretical approaches must be developed to help in studying neck shape evolution and corresponding stresses in Rebar. Advances in such methods and theories are presented in this paper

Adding a structural context to the deprotometalation and trans-metal trapping chemistry of phenyl-substituted benzotriazole

Organometallic bases are becoming increasingly complex, because mixing components can lead to bases superior to single-component bases. To better understand this superiority, it is useful to study metalated intermediate structures prior to quenching. This study is on 1-phenyl-1H-benzotriazole, which was previously deprotonated by an in situ ZnCl2• TMEDA/LiTMP (TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine; TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) mixture and then iodinated. Herein, reaction with LiTMP exposes the deficiency of the single-component base as the crystalline product obtained was [{4-R-1-(2-lithiophenyl)-1H-benzotriazole• 3THF}2], [R=2-C6H4(Ph)NLi], in which ring opening of benzotriazole and N2 extrusion had occurred. Supporting lithiation by adding iBu2Al(TMP) induces trans-metal trapping, in which C-Li bonds transform into C-Al bonds to stabilise the metalated intermediate. X-ray diffraction studies revealed homodimeric [(4-R′-1-phenyl-1H-benzotriazole)2], [R′=(iBu)2Al(μ-TMP)Li], and its heterodimeric isomer [(4-R′-1-phenyl-1H-benzotriazole){2-R′-1-phenyl-1H-benzotriazole}], whose structure and slow conformational dynamics were probed by solution NMR spectroscopy

Fluorescein labelled cationic carbosilane dendritic systems for biological studies

Cationic carbosilane dendrimers and dendrons labelled with one fluorescein unit have been synthesized. For dendrimers (generations 1–3), a random procedure was followed by successive addition of two types of thiol compounds to vinyl terminated derivatives, first one with –NH3Cl and second one with –NMe2HCl functions, subsequent reaction with FITC and finally quaternization with MeI. For dendrons, the use of compounds with a –NH2 group at the focal point and –NMe2 functions at the periphery allowed us to obtain the corresponding fluoresceinated cationic derivatives. The toxicity of these dendritic molecules was studied by MTT and their interaction with siRNA Nef by electrophoresis. Finally, second generation dendrimer and their dendriplexes with siRNA Nef were chosen as a model to analyse their in vivo biodistribution in a BALB/c mouse model. The highest levels for dendriplexes were found in spleen and liver, followed in lymph nodes, while lower levels were found in kidneys. This distribution is in accordance with long circulation times.Ministerio de Economía y EmpresaComunidad de MadridMinisterio de Educación y Cienci

Ghrelin-O-Acyltransferase (GOAT) Enzyme as a Novel Potential Biomarker in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Objectives: The association between the presence and alterations of the components of the ghrelin system and the development and progression of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is still controversial and remains unclear. Methods: Here, we systematically evaluated the expression levels (by quantitative-PCR) of key ghrelin system components of in gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-NETs, as compared to non-tumor adjacent (NTA; n = 42) and normal tissues (NT; n = 14). Then, we analyzed their putative associations with clinical-histological characteristics. Results: The results indicate that ghrelin and its receptor GHSR1a are present in a high proportion of normal tissues, while the enzyme ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT) and the splicing variants In1-ghrelin and GHSR1b were present in a lower proportion of normal tissues. In contrast, all ghrelin system components were present in a high proportion of tumor and NTA tissues. GOAT was significantly overexpressed (by quantitative-PCR (qPCR)) in tumor samples compared to NTA, while a trend was found for ghrelin, In1-ghrelin and GHSR1a. In addition, expression of these components displayed significant correlations with key clinical parameters. The marked overexpression of GOAT in tumor samples compared to NTA regions was confirmed by IHC, revealing that this enzyme is particularly overexpressed in gastrointestinal NETs, where it is directly correlated with tumor diameter. Conclusions: These results provide novel information on the presence and potential pathophysiological implications of the ghrelin system components in GEP-NETs, wherein GOAT might represent a novel diagnostic biomarker