Endogenous polyamine concentrations in juvenile, adult and micropropagated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir)

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Quantification of endogenous levels of IAA, IAAsp and IBA in micro-propagated shoots of hybrid chestnut pre-treated with IBA

Endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-acetylaspartic acid (IAAsp) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were measured during the first 8 d of in vitro rooting of rootstock from the chestnut ‘M3’ hybrid by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rooting was induced either by dipping the basal ends of the shoots into a 4.92-mM IBA solution for 1 min or by sub-culturing the shoots on solid rooting medium supplemented with 14.8- μM IBA for 5 d. For root development, the induced shoots were transferred to auxin-free solid medium. Auxins were measured in the apical and basal parts of the shoots by means of HPLC. Endogenous levels of IAA and IAAsp were found to be greater in IBA-treated shoots than in control shoots. In extracts of the basal parts of the shoots, the concentration of free IAA showed a significant peak 2 d after either root inductive method and a subsequent gradual decrease for the remainder of the time course. The concentration of IAAsp peaked at day 6 in extracts of the basal parts of shoots induced with 14.8-μM IBA for 5 d, whereas shoots induced by dipping showed an initial increase until day 2 and then remained stable. In extracts from basal shoot portions induced by dipping, IBA concentration showed a transient peak at day 1 and a plateau between day 2 and 4, in contrast to the profile of shoots induced on auxin-containing medium, which showed a significant reduction between 4 and 6 d after transferred to auxin-free medium. All quantified auxins remained at a relatively low level, virtually constant, in extracts from apical shoot portions, as well as in extracts from control non-rooting shoots. In conclusion, the natural auxin IAA is the signal responsible for root induction, although it is driven by exogenous IBA independently of the adding conditions

Diversification within grapevine cultivars goes through chimeric states

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Expressive Body Animation Pipeline for Virtual Agent

International audience<p>In this paper, we present our expressive body-gestures animation synthesis model for our Embodied Conversational Agent(ECA) technology. Our implementation builds upon a full body reach model using a hybrid kinematics solution. We describe the full pipeline of our model that starts from a symbolic description of behaviors, to the construction of a set of keyframes till the generation of the whole animation enhanced with expressive qualities. Our approach offers convincing visual quality results obtained with high real-time performance.</p

Resveratrol from Vine to Wine

The stilbene compound resveratrol and its derivatives are produced by various plant families and possess a wide spectrum of interesting medical properties. In Vitaceae, these compounds are phytoalexins ie antifungal metabolites synthesized and accumulated in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. Therefore, even if their level in wines is influenced by winemaking process and fermentative micro-organisms, it largely depends on their initial level in berries. Resveratrol is synthesized via the phenylalanine / polymalonate pathway and can undergo glycosylation, methylation or polymerization, leading to a set of derivatives. Due to their distinct chemical structures, these molecules possess different activity and efficiency regarding their biological properties. Vitis species and Vitis vinifera varieties do not have the same genetic ability to produce these compounds and there is a positive correlation between their ability to accumulate them and their level of resistance to pathogens. In this chapter, we propose to list different biotic and abiotic factors able to induce stilbene accumulation in grapevine organs. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved

Multimodal Plan Representation for Adaptable BML Scheduling

In this paper we show how behavior scheduling for Virtual Humans can be viewed as a constraint optimization problem, and how Elckerlyc uses this view to maintain a extensible behavior plan representation that allows one to make micro-adjustments to behaviors while keeping constraints between them intact. These capabilities make it possible to implement tight mutual behavior coordination between a Virtual Human and a user, without requiring to re-schedule every time an adjustment needs to be made

An interobserver reproducibility study on invasiveness of bladder cancer using virtual microscopy and heatmaps.

AIMS: The distinction between non-invasive (pTa) and invasive (pT1) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is subject to considerable interobserver variation. We aimed to generate a teaching set of images based on the diagnostic opinions of a panel of expert genitourinary pathologists. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-five transurethral resection specimens initially reported as pT1 NMIBC from two university hospitals were selected on the basis of potential uncertainty of stromal invasion. Digitized slides were reviewed independently by a panel of eight genitourinary pathologists, who annotated any invasive area if present. Annotations were reviewed by the lead panel, and heatmaps of annotated areas were constructed. Reasons for discrepancies were analysed, and kappa scores were calculated to determine agreement among the eight panellists. Full agreement by the eight panellists was obtained in 11 of 25 cases (44%), with a multi-rater (Fleiss) kappa of 0.47 (P < 0.0001). After joint review of the seven discordant (agreement <75% of panellists) cases, consensus was obtained for six cases, and a teaching set of images was generated. CONCLUSIONS: Interobserver agreement among the panellists in the selected cases was moderate, but consensus could be reached in almost all cases. Heatmaps proved to be instrumental in generating a teaching set of images for standardization of histological criteria for NMIBC invasion