Growth and bacterial dynamics of beef calves during transition from milk/pasture to a high-concentrate diet added with tannins or medium-chain fatty acids

Context. Rumen fermentation modulation with feed additives during the transition period to high-concentrate diets might help to avoid bacterial dysbiosis. Aims. Assessing the effects of the addition of tannins and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) to the adaptation diet of beef calves to a high-concentrate ration on the rate of intake, animal performance and rumen bacterial composition. Methods. Eighteen 7-month-old beef calves were abruptly weaned and transitioned over a 28-day period from a milk/grass regime to one of the following diets: a non-supplemented high-concentrate diet plus wheat straw, both given ad libitum (C); C plus 20 g/kg of a 65:35 chestnut and quebracho tannin extract; and C plus 6 g/kg of a commercial mixture of MCFA. Concentrate and straw rate of intake were recorded. Rumen fluid was collected on Days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 at 0, 3, 6 and 9 h after feeding to characterise rumen fermentation. Samples from 0 h were analysed to assess the bacterial population using Ion Torrent sequencing. Key results. The rate of intake of concentrates and straw, as well as daily gains and final weights, were similar (P > 0.05) among diets. The addition of tannins or MCFA did not modify (P = 0.98) the rumen bacterial population, which was affected by sampling day (P < 0.001). The additives inclusion did not affect relative abundances of the main bacterial taxa (P < 0.05), most of them differing across days (P < 0.001). Diversity indexes (Shannon and richness) declined over sampling days (P < 0.05), although some genera emerged after concentrate inclusion. Conclusions. At the doses used in the present experiment, tannins and MCFA did not exert any effect on intake, animal performance and bacterial population. Abrupt transition to high-concentrate diets modified the rumen environment and bacterial community, indicating bacterial adaptation to new environmental conditions. Implications. Abrupt transition of 7-month-old calves from milk/pasture to a high-concentrate diet did not impair rumen microbiota or performance; therefore, the use of feed additives seems unnecessary. © 2021 CSIRO. All rights reserved

LandTrendr smoothed spectral profiles enhance woody encroachment monitoring

Secondary succession (SS) is one of the main consequences of the abandonment of agricultural and forestry practices in rural areas, causing -among other processes- woody encroachment on former pastures and croplands. In this study we model and monitor the spatial evolution of SS over semi-natural grassland communities in the mountain range of the Pyrenees in Spain, during the last 36 years (1984-2019). Independent variables for ‘annual-based’ and ‘period-based’ modeling were drawn from a suite of Surface Reflectance Landsat images, LandTrendr (LT)-algorithm-adjusted images and LT outputs. Support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were trained and tested using all possible variable combinations of all the aforementioned datasets. The best modeling strategy involved yearly time series of LT-adjusted Tasseled Cap Brightness (TCB) and Wetness (TCW) axes as predictors, attaining a F1-score of 0.85, a Matthew Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.67 and an AUC 0.83. Woodlands encroached above 480, 000 ha of grasslands and crops during the study period. A model using LT outputs for the whole period also denoted good performance (F1-score = 0.85, MCC = 0.75) and estimated a similar area of woodland expansion (~509, 000 ha), but this ‘period’ approach was unable to provide temporal information on the year or the encroachment dynamics. Our results suggest an overall proportion of 66% for the Pyrenees being affected by SS, with higher intensity in the west-central part, decreasing towards the eastern end. © 2021 The Author

Quantum State During and after O(4)O(4)-Symmetric Bubble Nucleation with Gravitaional Effects

We extend our previous analysis of the quantum state during and after $O(4)$-symmetric bubble nucleation to the case including gravitational effects. We find that there exists a simple relationship between the case with and without gravitational effects. In a special case of a conformally coupled scalar field which is massless except on the bubble wall, the state is found to be conformally equivalent to the case without gravity.Comment: 31 pages plain Tex file, uuencoded postscript figure file is available from [email protected] upon request, KUNS126

Application of a behavioral objective evidence of evaluation of the influence of others in the performance in soccer

Se presenta el desarrollo de una prueba objetiva basada en el uso de un dinamómetro manual para analizar la influencia que ejerce la presencia de otras personas significativas, como el entrenador o los compañeros, en jugadores de fútbol infantil, cadete y juvenil de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Su aplicación permite superar las limitaciones presentadas por las pruebas de autoinforme tradicionales, analizando la validez convergente que tienen los resultados obtenidos con los encontrados en la escala de “Influencia de la evaluación del rendimiento” del cuestionario de características psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivo factorizado CPRD-f (Olmedilla, García y Martínez, 2006). Los resultados obtenidos muestran la utilidad del empleo de una técnica objetiva como la planteada en el análisis de la influencia que tienen los otros en el rendimiento individualAn objective test, by using a hand dynamometer is presented in order to analyze the influence of significant people as the coach or the team mates in grip strength performance of young soccer players. Through this objective test was possible to overcome the methodological limitations presented by the traditional self-reported measures. The convergent validity between the dynamometer test results and the values obtained from the “Influence of performance evaluation scale” of the Psychological Characteristics related to Sport Performance factored Questionnaire CPRD-f (Olmedilla, García y Martínez, 2006) was also analyzed. The results showed the usefulness of an objective test as the hand dynamometer to analyze the influential role of significant people on individual performanceApresentamos o desenvolvimento de uma prova objetiva baseada no uso de um dinamômetro manual para analisar a influencia que exerce a presença de outras pessoas significativas, como o treinador ou os companheiros nos jogadores de futebol infantis, cadetes e juniores da Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Sua aplicação permite superar as limitações apresentadas pelas provas auto-informes tradicionais, analisando a validez convergente que tem os resultados obtidos com os encontrados na escala de “influencia da avaliação do rendimento” do questionário de características psicológicas relacionadas com o rendimento esportivo fatorizado CPRD-f (Olmedilla, García y Martínez, 2006). Os resultados obtido mostram a utilidade da aplicação técnica objetiva como a proposta na analises da influencia que tem os outros no rendimento individualEsta investigación ha sido parcialmente financiada gracias al proyecto de I+D+I MICINN PSI2011-2700

Evaluación de la aplicación de agua de mar para mejorar el CBR de la subrasante afirmada

The main human settlements in Peru lack paved roads or affirmed carriage trails for the continuous or safe movement of vehicles. In this work, the evaluation of the application of seawater in the affirmed subgrade is exposed. Laboratory tests have been carried out, managing to see that the most important indicator of the resistance of the tracks helps in a significant way to improve the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results using with drinking water are 64.30%, 78.30%, and 95.20% of CBR and with seawater much higher CBR values of 99.20%, 90.90%, and 109.10%, for which an improvement of 34.90% was obtained and with this it is concluded that the addition of seawater significantly increases the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the affirmed subgrade. Keywords: Seawater, affirmed subgrade, CBR, road infrastructure. References [1]D. Flórez, and B. Bernabé, “El agua de mar en la alimentación y la terapéutica,” Sociedad Española de hidrología médica, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 37-55, 2014. [2]J. Domenech, “Control de la calidad del agua”, Offarm, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 138-146, 2002. [3]M. Bernardo et al., “Valoración terapéutica del agua de mar en modelos experimentales como terapia complementaria en anemia”, Medica UIS, vol 27, no. 3, pp. 9-18, 2014. [4]A. Fernández, “El agua: un recurso esencial”, Química Viva, vol 11, no. 3, pp. 147-170, 2012. [5]J. Miranda and D. Negrete, “Estabilización de suelos cohesivos con el uso de cloruro de calcio , Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, 2011. [6]D. Pumaricra, “Cloruro de magnesio como aditivo en el tratamiento de las propiedades físico mecánicas de la superficie de rodadura en carreteras no pavimentadas”, Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito. (2019). [7]Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones, “Manual de Carreteras: Suelos, Geología, Geotecnia y Pavimento – Sección Suelos y Pavimentos”, Lima, 2014. [8]C. Gutiérrez, “Estabilización química de carreteras no pavimentadas en el Perú y ventajas comparativas del cloruro de magnesio (bischofita) frente al cloruro de calcio”, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú, 2010. [9]C. Caruajulca, “Influencia del aditivo cloruro de sodio como estabilizante de la subrasante de la carretera tramo cruce el porongo – aeropuerto – Cajamarca”, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Perú, 2018. [10]C. Chavarry, R. Figueroa and R. Reynaga, “Estabilización química de capas granulares con cloruro de calcio para vías no pavimentadas”, Polo del conocimiento, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 40-69, 2020. [11]P. Garnica and A. Pérez, “Estabilización de suelos con cloruro de sodio para su uso en las vías terrestres”, Publicación técnica, México, 2002. [12]H. Llerena, “Mejoramiento de una base superficial con cloruro de magnesio hexahidratado”, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú, 2015. [13]S. Cuadros, “Mejoramiento de las propiedades físico–mecánicas de la subrasante en una vía afirmada de &nbsp;departamental de la región Junín mediantela estabilización química con óxido de calcio – 2016”, Universidad Peruana los Andes, Huancayo, Perú, 2017. [14]J. Rivera, and R. Mejía, “Estabilización química de suelos - Materiales convencionales y activados alcalinamente”, Informador Técnico, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 202-226, 2020. [15]G. Thenoux, and S. Vera, “Evaluación de la efectividad del cloruro de magnesio hexahidratado (bischofita) como estabilizador químico de capas de rodadura granulares”, in Consejos Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, p. 1. , 2002.Resumen: Los principales asentamientos humanos en el Perú, carecen de vías pavimentadas o trochas carrozables afirmadas para el desplazamiento de los vehículos de manera continua o segura. En este trabajo se expone la evaluación de la aplicación del agua de mar en la subrasante afirmada. Se han realizado ensayos de laboratorio, logrando ver que si ayuda de manera significativa a mejorar el California Bearing Ratio (CBR) el indicar más importante de la resistencia de las vias. Los resultados utilizando con agua potable son de 64,30%, 78,30% y 95,20% de CBR y con agua de mar valores de CBR mucho más altos de 99,20%, 90,90% y 109,10%, por lo que se obtuvo una mejoría de 34,90% y con ello se concluye que la adición de agua de mar aumenta significativamente el California Bearing Ratio (CBR) de la subrasante afirmada. Palabras Clave: Agua de mar, subrasante afirmada, CBR, infraestructura vial. Referencias [1]D. Flórez, y B. Bernabé, “El agua de mar en la alimentación y la terapéutica,” Sociedad Española de hidrología médica, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 37-55, 2014. [2]J. Domenech, “Control de la calidad del agua”, Offarm, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 138-146, 2002. [3]M. Bernardo et al., “Valoración terapéutica del agua de mar en modelos experimentales como terapia complementaria en anemia”, Medica UIS, vol 27, no. 3, pp. 9-18, 2014. [4]A. Fernández, “El agua: un recurso esencial”, Química Viva, vol 11, no. 3, pp. 147-170, 2012. [5]J. Miranda y D. Negrete, “Estabilización de suelos cohesivos con el uso de cloruro de calcio , Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, 2011. [6]D. Pumaricra, “Cloruro de magnesio como aditivo en el tratamiento de las propiedades físico mecánicas de la superficie de rodadura en carreteras no pavimentadas”, Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito. (2019). [7]Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones, “Manual de Carreteras: Suelos, Geología, Geotecnia y Pavimento – Sección Suelos y Pavimentos”, Lima, 2014. [8]C. Gutiérrez, “Estabilización química de carreteras no pavimentadas en el Perú y ventajas comparativas del cloruro de magnesio (bischofita) frente al cloruro de calcio”, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú, 2010. [9]C. Caruajulca, “Influencia del aditivo cloruro de sodio como estabilizante de la subrasante de la carretera tramo cruce el porongo – aeropuerto – Cajamarca”, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Perú, 2018. [10]C. Chavarry, R. Figueroa y R. Reynaga, “Estabilización química de capas granulares con cloruro de calcio para vías no pavimentadas”, Polo del conocimiento, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 40-69, 2020. [11]P. Garnica y A. Pérez, “Estabilización de suelos con cloruro de sodio para su uso en las vías terrestres”, Publicación técnica, México, 2002. [12]H. Llerena, “Mejoramiento de una base superficial con cloruro de magnesio hexahidratado”, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú, 2015. [13]S. Cuadros, “Mejoramiento de las propiedades físico–mecánicas de la subrasante en una vía afirmada de &nbsp;departamental de la región Junín mediantela estabilización química con óxido de calcio – 2016”, Universidad Peruana los Andes, Huancayo, Perú, 2017. [14]J. Rivera, y R. Mejía, “Estabilización química de suelos - Materiales convencionales y activados alcalinamente”, Informador Técnico, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 202-226, 2020. [15]G. Thenoux, y S. Vera, “Evaluación de la efectividad del cloruro de magnesio hexahidratado (bischofita) como estabilizador químico de capas de rodadura granulares”, in Consejos Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, p. 1. , 2002

Closing the dark photon window to thermal dark matter

The nature of dark matter remains a central question in particle physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. The prevailing hypothesis postulates that dark matter consists of particles that interact only weakly with Standard Model particles. However, the knowledge of dark matter properties beyond these interactions is limited. This study explores a scenario involving a dark photon as a mediator between dark matter and the Standard Model, akin to the photon's role in electromagnetism. Recent cosmological and experimental evidence impose constraints on this scenario, focusing on results from direct detection experiments such as PICO-60, XENON-1T, and PANDAX-4T. The results reveal severe constraints, effectively closing the window for laboratory searches for dark photons as mediators between the Standard Model and the dark sector (dark electrons) in the secluded dark matter scenario. The findings underscore the need for alternative explanations and offer fresh perspectives on the ongoing quest to understand dark matter and its interactions since they are nearly independent of the dark electron fraction content for the total dark matter. This analysis significantly narrows down the parameter space for thermal dark matter scenarios involving a dark photon portal, reinforcing the urgency of exploring alternative models and designing new experiments to unravel the mysteries surrounding the nature of dark matter.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure