Biocompatibility of bio based calcium carbonate nanocrystals aragonite polymorph on NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line

Background: Currently, there has been extensive research interest for inorganic nanocrystals such as calcium phosphate, iron oxide, silicone,carbon nanotube and layered double hydroxide as a drug delivery system especially in cancer therapy. However, toxicological screening of suchparticles is paramount importance before use as delivery carrier. In this study we examine the biocompatibility of CaCO3 nanocrystal on NIH 3T3cell line.Material and Methods: Transmission and field emission scanning electron microscopy (TEM and FESEM) were used for the characterisation ofCaCO3 nanocrystals. Cytotoxicity and genotoxic effect of calcium carbonate nanocrystals in cultured mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH 3T3 cellline using various bioassays including MTT, and Neutral red/Trypan blue double-staining assays. LDH, BrdU and reactive oxygen species wereused for toxicity analysis. Cellular morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal fluorescence microscope.Results: The outcome of the analyses revealed a clear rod-shaped aragonite polymorph of calcium carbonate nanocrystal. The analysed cytotoxic and genotoxicity of CaCO3 nanocrystal on NIH 3T3 cells using different bioassays revealed no significance differences as compared to control. A slight decrease in cell viability was noticed when the cells were exposed to higher concentrations of 200 to 400 ìg/ml, while increase in ROS generation and LDH released at 200 and 400 ìg/ml was observed.Conclusions: The study has shown that CaCO3 nanocrystal is biocompatible and non toxic to NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells. The analysed results offer a promising potential of CaCO3 nanocrystal for the development of  intracellular drugs, genes and other macromolecule delivery systems.Keywords: Biocompatibility; Calcium carbonate; nanocrystals; drugs and Cockle shells

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Pada Materi Relasi Dan Fungsi

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes using the Problem Based Learning model on relations and functions material. This classroom action research was attended by 29 students of class VIII.2 for the 2022/2023 academic year. In practice, the data collected was obtained through observation and tests. As for the data analysis technique in the form of data analysis of teacher observations, student observations and tests of student mathematics learning outcomes. Referring to the procedures followed, the research stages involved include planning, implementing, observing, reflecting. The research consisted of two cycles. The results showed that the results of students' mathematics learning in cycles I and II were 55.18% and 86.20% with an increase from less to very good criteria. From observations of teacher activities when managing learning there was an increase, in cycle I it reached 79.42% good criteria, while cycle II was very good, the percentage of achievements was 97.06%. The results of observations of student activities have increased, from the first cycle the percentage is 56.25% good criteria and the second cycle is 93.75%, very good. This means that learning using the Problem Based Learning model in relation and function material is able to improve students' mathematics learning outcomes

Analisis Perhitungan Daya Dukung Pondasi Footplate Dengan Menggunakan PHP Script

Foundation as we know is part of construction. A purpose of this construction is to continue astructure load to the ground which can endure the load without settlement effect. In order toguarantee the building is on stable condition concerning from structure load or outer force like awind pressure, earthquake, etc and settlement which is more than permission limit unallowed. Toavoid unfunctional foundation structure, foundation must placed on the solid ground which canendure sttructure load without causing excessive settlement. In this era computer technologydevelop quickly. Part of that is programming using PHP script. Programming using script canmake some application to help us in our analyzing dan calculating proccess with interestingdesign , so we can operate it easily. And this program is using PHP script method . Basicallyanalyzing and calculating footplate manually can used up our time. Because on calculating thiswe use a complex method, we need program to analyze and calculate footplate foundation. Tomake a calculation simpler and quicker. Some of manual test result which are found by us ishaving 1% difference with the program. So we consider this program is able to calculate thefootplate foundatio

PERFORMANCE BASED PAY AS A DETERMINANT OF JOB SATISFACTION: A STUDY IN MALAYSIA GIATMARA CENTERS

Compensation management literature highlights that performance based pay has two major characteristics: participation in pay systems and adequacy of pay. The ability of management to properly implement such pay systems may lead to increased job satisfaction in organizations. Though, the nature of this relationship is interesting, little is known about the influence of performance based pay on job satisfaction in compensation management literature. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between pay for performance and job satisfaction in Malaysian GIATMARA centers. The results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed that measurement scales used in this study satisfactorily met the standards of validity and reliability analyses. An outcome of stepwise regression analysis shows that determinant of job satisfaction is performance based pay. Further, this result confirms that pay for performance is an important antecedent for job satisfaction in the studied organizations.Pay for Performance, Job Satisfaction, Malaysian GIATMARA centers.

The Integration Of Rectangular SIW Filter and Microstrip Patch Antenna Based On Cascaded Approach

This paper presents the technique for integrating the rectangular Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) filter with the rectangular microstrip patch antenna to produce filtering and radiating element in a single device. To proof the concept, the integrated microwave filter and antenna at center frequency of 2 GHz was demonstrated and validated through simulation and measurement. It demonstrated promising measured results, which were ingood agreement with the simulated results. The integrated microwave filter and antenna would be beneficial in microwave systems where the reduction of overall volume and weight as well as cost is very important such as in base stations and multiplexer in any communication systems

Relationships and comparative studies of heavy metals and organic PAH compounds in the soft tissues Perna viridis

Previous studies documented the background levels of heavy metals in the soft tissues of Perna viridis from the coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia but the relationships and comparative studies of heavy metals and organic PAH compounds in P. viridis have not been documented in the literature. This paper focuses on the differences between the inorganic Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn and organic PAH compounds in the P. viridis collected from the coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia. It was found that the behaviors of binding between the two compounds are different since marked different relationships were found between inorganiclipid and organic-lipid in which organic-lipid is highly related while there are weak and hardly any relationships found between inorganic-lipid since the heavy metals are known to bind to metallothioneins. Although binding behaviors are not similar, the soft tissues of P. viridis are good biomonitoring agent of PAH and Cd, Cu and Pb since marked elevation of both compounds is found at the polluted sites receiving port, industrial and urban effluents

The Performance Comparison between CPW-fed and Microstrip Feedline Leather Antenna for UWB Applications

In the area of wearable technology an enhancement of basic microstrip antenna is evolution of wearable textile antenna. A major requirement for wearable textile antenna is its flexible designed materials which incorporates of fabric in the structure. In this paper, the comparison between microstrip line and Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna design is presented. When the Federal Communication Commission (FSS) has allowed the operation of unlicensed ultra-wideband (UWB) thus it attracted research interest in realizing UWB antennas for wireless applications. The proposed microstrip antenna is designed, simulated and analyzed in Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio.The performance of antenna is analyzed for return loss bandwidth, and VSWR. The wide bandwidth and good performance of return loss are successfully achieved by using proposed design which implemented the CPW technique as compared with the transmission microstrip line technique

Investigation on Dielectric Properties of Sludge Waste from Water Treatment Using Microwave Non-Destructive Testing (MNDT)

The demand for water cleanup rises in tandem with a country's requirements and development. Recovery of purified water containing nutrients and other beneficial materials is a critical opportunity that must be taken advantage of. A challenge that needs to be tackled is the necessity for large capacity and high-value management of sludge waste following the water treatment process. The pH level and microwave frequencies influence were used as a starting point for assessing the content of the sludge waste. Microwave non-destructive testing (MNDT) is a microwave measurement that can be used to determine the dielectric characteristics of materials without destroying or modifying the sample's content. The methodology employs a free-space measurement technique with a frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz (X-band). Through S-parameters acquired, a correlation analysis was done to analyze the effect of frequencies with the sludge waste. A comparative investigation with peat soil samples in establishing if the sludge has similar attributes to normal soil is used to ensure the accuracy of the sludge waste data. It can be determined that the sludge waste has a high signal correlation towards the frequency band 8 GHz to 12 GHz, which is compatible with the MNDT approach. All of the sludge samples had a pH range that is appropriate for agricultural use