Технологічна оцінка якості м’яса залежно від фізіологічного стану

For many years Ukraine has been paying great attention to increasing beef production and improving its quality thanks to the development of specialized meat cattle breeding. Meat productivity of cattle is formed under the influence of a wide range of morphological, biological and physiological features that depend on the breed, genotype of animals, environmental conditions, type of higher nervous activity, the value of the diet and is estimated by such indicators as: feed costs per unit of increase; body weight, absolute and relative increments; slaughter quality of meat. Therefore, the study of biochemical processes in bulls on fattening Polissya breed depending on the type of higher nervous activity and the effect of feeding the feed supplement «Microlipovit» on the main indicators of metabolism and meat productivity are extremely important. After the death of animals, the composition and properties of tissues, primarily muscle, are significantly altered. As a result of stopping the flow of oxygen and suspending the synthesis processes, the metabolism and energy in the tissues are disorganized. Specific autolytic transformations take place in the muscle tissue in accordance with the features of metabolism, concentration and localization of enzymes. The basis of autolytic meal transformations are changes in the carbohydrate system, the AT synthesis synthesis system, and the state of myofibrillar proteins within the contraction system. Changes in meat caused by autolytic processes occur in meat technology for a wide variety of methods for its processing, during cooling and storage of cooled meat, freezing and refrigerated storage, defrosting, salting, milling. The nature and depth of autolytic changes in meat affect its quality and nutritional value.  The analysis of the quality of food products, the identification of potential risks associated with their pollution and damage, should be based on a scientific basis and new research methods. Therefore, at present, the study of the use of meat with signs of PSE and DFD in the technology of emulsified sausage products. (PSE – pale, soft, exudative – pale, soft, watery, DFD – dark, firm, dry – dark, solid, dry, DCB – dark cutting beef – dark on the cut is relevant. Conducting a quality assessment of beef NOR, PSE and DFD is essential for the production of quality meat products and their safety for human health.  Впродовж багатьох років в Україні надається велика увага збільшенню виробництва яловичини та покращення її якості завдяки розвитку спеціалізованого м’ясного скотарства. М’ясна продуктивність великої рогатої худоби формується під впливом широкого комплексу морфологічних, біологічних, фізіологічних особливостей, які залежать від породи, генотипу тварин, умов середовища, типу вищої нервової діяльності, повноцінності раціону та оцінюється за такими показниками як: витрати корму на одиницю приросту; маса тіла, абсолютний та відносний прирости; забійний вихід; якість м’яса. Тому дослідження біохімічних процесів у бугайців на відгодівлі поліської м’ясної породи залежно від типів вищої нервової діяльності та вплив згодовування кормової добавки «Мікроліповіт» на основні показники метаболізму та м’ясну продуктивність є надзвичайно важливими. Після припинення життя тварин склад і властивості  тканин, насамперед м’язової, істотно змінюються. Внаслідок припинення надходження кисню і призупинення процесів синтезу дезорганізовується обмін речовин і енергії у тканинах. Специфічні автолітичні перетворення протікають у м’язовій тканині відповідно до особливостей метаболізму, концентрації та локалізації ферментів. У основі автолітичних перетворень м’яса лежать зміни вуглеводної системи, системи ресинтезу АТФ і стану міофібрилярних білків, що входять до системи скорочення. Зміни м’яса, зумовлені автолітичними процесами, трапляються у технології м’яса за найрізноманітніших способів його оброблення, під час охолодження та зберігання охолодженого м’яса, заморожування і холодильного зберігання, розморожування, засолювання подрібнення. Характер і глибина автолітичних змін м’яса впливають на його якість і харчову цінність.  Аналіз якості харчових продуктів, виявлення потенційних ризиків, пов’язаних з їх забрудненням та псуванням, мають базуватися на науковій основі і нових методах дослідження. Тому, на даний час вивчення питання використання м’яса з ознаками PSE  і DFDу технології емульгованих ковбасних виробів залишається актуальним. (PSE – pale, soft, exudative – бліде, м’яке, водянисте;  DFD – dark, firm, dry – темне, тверде, сухе, DCB – dark cutting beef  –  темна на розрізі є актуальним. Проведення оцінки якості яловичини NOR, PSE і DFD є необхідним при виробництві якісних м’ясних продуктів та їх безпеки для здоров’я людей. &nbsp

NeuroSpeech

NeuroSpeech is a software for modeling pathological speech signals considering different speech dimensions: phonation, articulation, prosody, and intelligibility. Although it was developed to model dysarthric speech signals from Parkinson's patients, its structure allows other computer scientists or developers to include other pathologies and/or measures. Different tasks can be performed: (1) modeling of the signals considering the aforementioned speech dimensions, (2) automatic discrimination of Parkinson's vs. non-Parkinson's, and (3) prediction of the neurological state according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score. The prediction of the dysarthria level according to the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment scale is also provided

2,000-year-long temperature and hydrology reconstructions from the Indo-Pacific warm pool

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature 460 (2009): 1113-1116, doi:10.1038/nature08233.Northern Hemisphere surface temperature reconstructions suggest that the late twentieth century was warmer than any other time during the past 500 years and possibly any time during the past 1,300 years. These temperature reconstructions are based largely on terrestrial records from extra-tropical or highelevation sites; however, global average surface temperature changes closely follow those of the global tropics, which are 75% ocean. In particular, the tropical Indo- Pacific warm pool (IPWP) represents a major heat reservoir that both influences global atmospheric circulation and responds to remote northern latitude forcings. Here we present a decadally resolved continuous sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction from the IPWP that spans the past two millennia and overlaps the instrumental record, enabling both a direct comparison of proxy data to the instrumental record and an evaluation of past changes in the context of twentieth century trends. Our record from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia, exhibits trends that are similar to a recent Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction. Reconstructed SST was, however, within error of modern values during the Medieval Warm Period from about AD 1000 to AD 1250, towards the end of the Medieval Warm Period. SSTs during the Little Ice Age (approximately ad 1550–1850) were variable, and 0.5 to 1°C colder than modern values during the coldest intervals. A companion reconstruction of δ18O of sea water—a sea surface salinity and hydrology indicator— indicates a tight coupling with the East Asian monsoon system and remote control of IPWP hydrology on centennial–millennial timescales, rather than a dominant influence from local SST variation.This work was financially supported by the US NSF and the Ocean Climate Change Institute of WHOI

Coordinated hydrological regimes in the Indo-Pacific region during the past two millennia

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 25 (2010): PA1102, doi:10.1029/2009PA001871.Instrumental data suggest that major shifts in tropical Pacific atmospheric dynamics and hydrology have occurred within the past century, potentially in response to anthropogenic warming. To better understand these trends, we use the hydrogen isotopic ratios of terrestrial higher plant leaf waxes (δDwax) in marine sediments from southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia, to compile a detailed reconstruction of central Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) hydrologic variability spanning most of the last two millennia. Our paleodata are highly correlated with a monsoon reconstruction from Southeast Asia, indicating that intervals of strong East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) activity are associated with a weaker Indonesian monsoon (IM). Furthermore, the centennial-scale oscillations in our data follow known changes in Northern Hemisphere climate (e.g., the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period) implying a dynamic link between Northern Hemisphere temperatures and IPWP hydrology. The inverse relationship between the EASM and IM suggests that migrations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and associated changes in monsoon strength caused synoptic hydrologic shifts in the IPWP throughout most of the past two millennia.This research was supported by the U.S. NSF, the Ocean and Climate Change Institute at WHOI, and a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship to J. Tierney

Incresing the efficiency of heat and mass exchange in an improved rotary film evaporator for concentration of fruit-andberry purre

An improved model of a rotary film evaporator with a cutting blade having a reflective surface and equipped with an autonomous heating system which is fed by a power supply from Peltier elements. The reflective surface of the advanced cutting blade had an area of 0.06 m2 and was heated by a flexible film resistive electric heater of radiating type with a ~15...20 W power supply. This solution provides additional heating and mixing and helps to capture the cut-off layer of puree while reducing the useful surface of the working chamber by 7 %. Most evaporators have a low heat transfer coefficient reducing the energy content of the process and final quality of the product. The heat exchange efficiency can be increased by improving the design of the film-forming element of the rotary film evaporator. The use of the proposed cutting blade with a reflective surface enables an increase in the heat transfer coefficient by approximately 20 % compared to the basic rectangular blade design. When comparing the calculated data, it can be concluded that the main indicator of resource efficiency, namely specific energy consumption for heating a unit volume of product in the RFE amounts to 408 kJ/kg compared to 1,019 kJ/kg with the basic vacuum evaporator which means a 1.97 times consumption reduction. The duration of heat treatment in the RFE is 60 s compared to 1 h in the basic VE which shows a significant reduction of raw material exposure to high temperatures. The obtained data show the effectiveness of engineering and technological solutions. The engineering and technological component of any heat and mass exchange processes, in particular the concentration of fruit-and-berry raw materials, is the main component in the production of semi-finished food products of a high degree of readiness

Auxin pretreatment promotes regeneration of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) midrib segment explants

We have developed a new, simple, quick and genotype-independent method for direct regeneration of sugarcane using novel midrib segment explants. Our protocol involves two steps: the pretreatment of starting material on MS (Murashige and Skoog (1962) Physiol Plant 15:473–497) medium containing 3.0 mg/l 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for 8 days under continuous dark and subsequent transfer of the explants to MS medium augmented with 0.1 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) under light-dark conditions. On the regeneration medium, numerous globular structures appeared from the explants and subsequently differentiated into shoots. Regenerated shoots attained 2–5 cm height within 30 days of culture initiation and readily rooted on MS basal medium. Hardened plants were successfully established in the greenhouse. The regulation of sugarcane morphogenesis by auxin pretreatment is discussed

Multi-view representation learning via gcca for multimodal analysis of Parkinson's disease

Information from different bio-signals such as speech, handwriting, and gait have been used to monitor the state of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, however, all the multimodal bio-signals may not always be available. We propose a method based on multi-view representation learning via generalized canonical correlation analysis (GCCA) for learning a representation of features extracted from handwriting and gait that can be used as a complement to speech-based features. Three different problems are addressed: classification of PD patients vs. healthy controls, prediction of the neurological state of PD patients according to the UPDRS score, and the prediction of a modified version of the Frenchay dysarthria assessment (m-FDA). According to the results, the proposed approach is suitable to improve the results in the addressed problems, specially in the prediction of the UPDRS, and m-FDA scores

Asian dust-storm activity dominated by Chinese dynasty changes since 2000 BP

The Asian monsoon (AM) played an important role in the dynastic history of China, yet it remains unknown whether AM-mediated shifts in Chinese societies affect earth surface processes to the point of exceeding natural variability. Here, we present a dust storm intensity record dating back to the first unified dynasty of China (the Qin Dynasty, 221–207 B.C.E.). Marked increases in dust storm activity coincided with unified dynasties with large populations during strong AM periods. By contrast, reduced dust storm activity corresponded to decreased population sizes and periods of civil unrest, which was co-eval with a weakened AM. The strengthened AM may have facilitated the development of Chinese civilizations, destabilizing the topsoil and thereby increasing the dust storm frequency. Beginning at least 2000 years ago, human activities might have started to overtake natural climatic variability as the dominant controls of dust storm activity in eastern China

Ginkgo Biloba Extract Ameliorates Oxidative Phosphorylation Performance and Rescues Aβ-Induced Failure

Energy deficiency and mitochondrial failure have been recognized as a prominent, early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to amyloid-beta (Abeta) in human neuroblastoma cells over-expressing human wild-type amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulted in (i) activity changes of complexes III and IV of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) and in (ii) a drop of ATP levels which may finally instigate loss of synapses and neuronal cell death in AD. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether standardized Ginkgo biloba extract LI 1370 (GBE) is able to rescue Abeta-induced defects in energy metabolism