Polysaccharide Monoxygenases: Giving a Boost to Biofuel Production

In this issue of Structure, Li et al. present high resolution crystal structures of two fungal polysaccharide monoxygenases. Unexpectedly, they observe oxygen species bound at the active sites that inform on the chemistry that can be supported by these enzymes. Additionally, the organization of aromatic amino acids and glycosylation on the carbohydrate binding surfaces suggests that regiospecificity and cellulose orientation can be predicted

A Perfect & Lawful Right : Review of \u3ci\u3eTo Marry an Indian: The Marriage of Harriett Gold & Elias Boudinot in Letters, 1823-1839\u3c/i\u3e. Edited by Theresa Strouth Gaul.

In 1825, the community of Cornwall, Connecticut was in an uproar over the impending marriage of Harriett Gold, the daughter of one of its leading citizens, to Elias Boudinot, member of the Cherokee Indian Nation and former student of the town\u27s assimilation-focused Foreign Mission School. The second white woman in the community to establish a relationship with a Foreign Mission School student, Harriett\u27s determination to marry Elias resulted in an exchange of heated correspondence among her family members. Theresa Strouth Gaul\u27s book, To Marry an Indian: The Marriage of Harriett Gold & Elias Boudinot in Letters, 1823-1839, affords a fascinating and personal glimpse into nineteenth-century attitudes toward intermarriage, the complexity of the assimilation movement, and the Cherokee removal policies. As Gaul states, the letters in this volume restore richness and vitality to a family story played out on the larger stage of two nations\u27 histories. ! In spite of the dissenting voices of Harriett\u27s family-her brother Stephen burned her in effigy on the village green-Harriett and Elias married and subsequently relocated to the Cherokee Nation in Georgia. Their letters to family members back home offer insight into Harriett\u27s adjustment to life among the Cherokee people, Elias\u27s employment as editor of the Cherokee Phoenix and promoter of the removal Treaty of New Echota, and the couple\u27s contented marriage

Entrenching heterosexuality through language in South African Life Orientation (LO) textbooks

Studies of the representation of sexualities in textbooks have tended to focus on inclusion and coverage of diverse content through thematic analysis. This analysis of a sample of LO textbooks is framed by the systematic linguistic framework of critical discourse analysis (CDA), specifically Fairclough’s (2001) theory of discourse as ideological meanings encoded in text. The sections on sex education in three popularly used LO textbooks have been analysed to make explicit the heteronormative meanings conveyed through language used. This article provides insight into how the language in the LO texts function to legitimate the dominant discourse of a particular type of heterosexuality: monogamy for the primary purpose of reproduction. The implications of this bias are raised and recommendations for fair representation of LGBT sexual orientations are made

Issues and challenges facing school libraries in selected primary schools in Gauteng Province, South Africa

There is no national policy for school libraries which compels school governing bodies and principals to have a library in their schools. It is thus not surprising that in 2011, only 21% of state schools had libraries, only 7% had stocked libraries and 79% of schools had no library at all (Department of Basic Education (DBE) Republic of South Africa, 2011a:23). This article forms part of a broader qualitative study which investigated 10 primary schools in Gauteng Province, South Africa that had libraries, or were in the process of setting up a library, with the intention of providing a rich description of the issues and challenges facing these schools. The 10 schools used in this study were chosen on the basis of their location and fee structures. They represented the full continuum of fees within the state structure. In this article, we discuss three core categories of predicaments faced by primary school libraries. These were resourcing the library, operating the library and the role of the library. Our main contention is that school libraries are not playing an effective role in supporting and enabling quality education for all South African children. This needs to be addressed by government as a matter of urgency.Keywords: academic achievement; books; information and communication technologies; information literacy; literacy; national school library policy; quality education; reading; school librarians; school librarie

NF03-565 Exotic Newcastle Disease (END) Nebraska Poultry Producers Quick Reference

This NebFact is about the Exotic Newcastle Disease (END) which is a foreign animal disease in the U.S. and is considered the most infectious, contagious, and fatal viral disease of birds and poultry

G03-1505 Newcastle Disease: What Nebraska Poultry Prodcuers Need to Know

Newcastle disease is a rapidly spreading virus that attacks domestic poultry and other birds. This NebGuide explains disease transmission, symptoms and prevention and control. Introduction Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an acute, rapidly spreading viral disease that affects domestic poultry and other birds. It has a rapid onset and a mortality rate that can be as high as 100 percent. The disease is found worldwide, with the possible exception of some islands and Oceania. Newcastle disease was first reported in 1926 in the East Indies and then in 1927 at Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, for which it is named. Newcastle disease virus is the type of strain for avian paramyxoviruses. The pathogenicity of NDV strains varies greatly depending on the host. Chickens are highly susceptible, while ducks and geese can be infected and show few or no clinical signs to the same strain. Strains are designated according to species serotype or the type of birds from which the virus was isolated; the geographical location of isolation (either state or country); and the reference number or name/year of isolation. Numerous strains have been isolated worldwide, resulting in the identification of nine serotypes. Newcastle disease virus is categorized into three groups: lentogenic (mild); mesogenic (intermediate); and velogenic (high). Velogenic strains are highly likely to cause disease and are easily transmitted. Mesogenic strains are intermediate, and lentogenic strains are least likely to cause disease in chickens. With extremely virulent viruses, the disease may appear suddenly and birds can die before showing any signs of having the virus. Other factors that help predict the severity of the disease include the host species, age (highly fatal to young chicks), immune stats, and coinfection with other organisms

A model comparison of basic and surface energy variables in the development of the PBL in a southeast Texas coastal region

Air quality forecasting requires atmospheric weather models to generate reliable and accurate meteorological conditions. Some variables are well-simulated, but others, like the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, are not as accurately reproduced. This study compares rarely observed energy balance and turbulence variables to modeled results, and seeks to determine if and to what extent these variables contribute to the development of the PBL. Similarly configured MM5 and WRF model outputs were compared to observations of temperature, wind fields, radiation, heat fluxes, and PBL heights during an intensive field campaign on the Gulf Coast in the summer of 2006. The r2 and bias values were calculated as a measure of model performance. The results showed that in general, WRF performed comparably or better than MM5 for all variables except wind speed and directions, sensible heat flux, ground flux, and PBL height. Nighttime simulations for both models are not well-parameterized except for water vapor mixing ratio. PBL height timing was good for both models, but the morning development was not well-simulated. A frontal passage occurred during the study period that led to two mostly cloud-free days; on these days the relationship between incoming solar radiation and the energy variables suggests that there may be an energy sink in the models that could lead to underestimations of PBL height. The dry bias or disparate land-surface initialization datasets might contribute to deviations of the models from the observations and may explain the models' PBL height performance. Further examination of the energy budget and turbulent dataset under extended cloud-free days could provide a better understanding of these variables to PBL height development and lead to better air quality predictions.Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department o

NF03-565 Exotic Newcastle Disease (END) Nebraska Poultry Producers Quick Reference

This NebFact is about the Exotic Newcastle Disease (END) which is a foreign animal disease in the U.S. and is considered the most infectious, contagious, and fatal viral disease of birds and poultry

"Either he was too weak, or the world was too strong" : motifs of male wounds and healing in African American literature

Abstract only availableAfrican American men throughout history have tried to establish and define their identities, collectively and individually, beyond those formed, forced, and fashioned by western civilization. Consequently, they have inflicted pain and despair, consciously and subconsciously, on the entire race, Black women, and regrettably themselves. African American literature, fictional and non-fictional, has served as a measure capable of providing a study of the African American experience as a whole. In examining its works, readers meet the achievements and failures, hindrance and progression of its people. HTML In this research I will briefly examine through literary analysis the intense emotional wounds and perspectives of two archetypal males in African American non-fiction and poetry; the severely indignant and the emotionally detached character. I will investigate relationships between the male character, their female counterparts and children if existent through the novels, Jonah's Gourd Vine, Native Son, and In My Father's House, as well as the poetry of Etheridge Knight. Specifically, I will determine the origin, infliction, and potential healing of their wounds by analyzing certain influences in their lives such as; being slaves or direct descendants of slaves, the household conditions they grew up in physically and psychologically, the presence and/or absence of parents, and the impression of Christianity. Furthermore, I will explore the suggestions made by the authors on how these characters, if possible, can regain their manhood.Summer Pre-Graduate Research Experience for Students in the Humanitie

Development of macroscopic waveguide and waveguide components for optical systems Final report, 28 Jan. - 28 Nov. 1964

Macroscopic waveguide and waveguide components for optical systems - laser