Attachment and the development of prosocial behavior in children and adolescents - A systematic review

(1) Background: One key assumption of attachment theory is the relationship between security and the development of prosocial behavior. A secure child is more likely to feel and show concern for another individual, resulting in higher levels of prosocial behaviors (defined as voluntary behavior intended to benefit others—e.g., helping, sharing, comforting). (2) Method: Using a systematic review of the literature (PROSPERO: CRD42022290706), 703 articles were identified (EBSCO databases), from which 16 were considered eligible by the first two authors (inter- reviewer agreement: 85.714%). The criteria for an article’s exclusion were as follows: samples of children/teens not living in natural contexts; studies on psychopathologies; intervention programs; qualitative designs; studies on development or the validation of measures; studies that did not reliably measure the variables studied. (3) Results and Discussion: The eligible studies revealed incongruous results about the potential associations between attachment security to mothers and fathers and prosocial behavior. More consistent and significant relationships were found between the quality of attachment and empathy, while the associations between attachment and prosocial behavior were inconsistent (e.g., nine articles revealed significant associations; seven did not). In six studies, empathy was revealed to play an important role as the mediator between attachment security and prosocial behavior. The limitations and future recommendations were discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Determinação da eficácia anti-helmintíca em rebanhos ovinos: metodologia de colheita de amostras e de informações de manejo zoossanitário.

Aplicação de questionário; Pré-experimento para colheita de fezes, contagem de OPG e coprocultura; Seleção de animais para aplicação do teste; Realização de teste de redução de contagem de ovos nas fezes (TRCOP); Avaliação dos resultadosbitstream/CPPSE-2010/18894/1/PROCIDOC91SCMN2009.00152.pd

A haplotype-resolved draft genome of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus)

The European sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792) is culturally and economically important throughout its distribution. Monitoring studies of sardine populations report an alarming decrease in stocks due to overfishing and environmental change, which has resulted in historically low captures along the Iberian Atlantic coast. Important biological and ecological features such as population diversity, structure, and migratory patterns can be addressed with the development and use of genomics resources.Agência financiadora Portuguese national funds from FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology: UID/Multi/04326/2016; European Regional Development Fund (FEDER): 22153-01/SAICT/2016; ALG-01-0145-FEDER-022121; ALG-01-0145-FEDER-022231; MAR2020 operational programme of the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (project SARDI-NOMICS): MAR-01.04.02-FEAMP-0024; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme: 654008info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dissipative Symmetry-Protected Topological Order

In this work, we investigate the interplay between dissipation and symmetry-protected topological order. We considered the one-dimensional spin-1 Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki model interacting with an environment where the dissipative dynamics are described by the Lindladian master equation. The Markovian dynamics is solved by the implementation of a tensor network algorithm for mixed states in the thermodynamic limit. We observe that, for time-reversal symmetric dissipation, the resulting steady state has topological signatures even if being a mixed state. This is seen in finite string-order parameters as well as in the degeneracy pattern of singular values in the tensor network decomposition of the reduced density matrix. We also show that such features do not appear for non-symmetric dissipation. Our work opens the way toward a generalized and more practical definition of symmetry-protected topological order for mixed states induced by dissipation.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure, revised versio

Assessing the benefits of the “Intergalactic World” social emotional learning program for 8–12-year-old children in Portugal: perspectives from teachers and caregivers

Introduction: "Intergalactic World" is a new social-emotional program designed to reduce psychopathological symptoms and improve social and emotional skills in children aged 8-12. This study aims to evaluate the program's benefits from teachers' and caregivers' perspectives, focusing on internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Methods: The findings were obtained through self-reported measures using a pretest-posttest design with a follow-up period, but with no control group. One hundred fifty-four children (M age = 9.66, SD = 0.78) participated in this intervention study. Eleven teachers completed the Teacher's Report Form (TRF) for these children, and 133 caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Participants without caregivers' reports were excluded from the analysis. Data were collected at three-time points: before the intervention (T1), immediately after (T2), and 6 months after the implementation of the program (T3). Results: Results (n = 133) showed an effect of time on the Internalization scores (at T3 for teachers and T2 and T3 for caregivers) with no gender effect and a decrease in the perception of externalizing behaviors with a gender effect: Boys were perceived as exhibiting more externalizing behaviors than girls. However, these behaviors significantly decrease at T3 for teachers and at T2 and T3 for caregivers. Discussion: Despite its limitations, this study highlights the benefits of employing social-emotional programs to help reduce children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. A multi-informant approach enables a comprehensive analysis and provides insights into the child's significant contexts and interactions with adults.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Revisiting the applicability of porter’s model to the portuguese manufacturing : a departure from traditional strategies

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the strategies utilized in the Portuguese manufacturing environment, and to compare the results with those of a similar study conducted in 1993. Self-administered surveys were employed and a total sample of 229 firms were used for the analysis. The responses were factor analyzed to establish patterns of strategic behaviours. In comparison with 1993, today’s Portuguese manufacturing firms are using more product development and innovation in order to offer many new customized products to different markets. In most cases, they are capitalizing on flexible manufacturing to achieve more depth and breadth in their product lines

Strategies employed by e-commerce firms in Portugal : an empirical investigation

A survey integrating different theoretical views of value creation was developed, then sent to Portuguese e-ommerce firms to assess the underlying dimensions and the most important characteristics of their e-Commerce strategies. The survey was sent to 188 firms in 2007 and repeated in 2010 to validate the results, obtaining a total sample of 62 e-Commerce firms. Through factorial analysis, three e-Commerce strategy dimensions were identified: one relates to differentiation via marketing based on reputation and brand identification, in which advertising and innovation in marketing techniques and methods are important; a second differentiation dimension focuses on product development and is supported by technical capabilities; and a cost leadership dimension which uses strategic networks to obtain economies of scale and scope, and exploits technological advancements to reduce transaction costs

Teaching Units in the light of the Theory of Nuclear Concepts: An example in geometry

Este artículo compara los resultados de dos grupos escolares de noveno año (14-16 años) en Portugal, trabajando un tema de Geometría del ángulo. Un grupo trabajó con el esquema de una unidad didáctica tradicional, mientras que el otro trabajó con una unidad didáctica basada en la Teoría de Conceptos Nucleares. Mientras en la primera se parte de la estructura de contenidos del temario y se evalúa la adquisición de éstos, en la segunda se parte de la estructura cognitiva del alumno, se organiza la unidad en función de ella y se evalúan los cambios producidos. Se observaron mejoras en el segundo grupo, tanto a nivel de modificación de la estructura cognitiva como en cuanto a los resultados en exámenes tradicionales. Este nuevo enfoque requiere un trabajo previo de conocimiento del alumno, una diferente estructuración de la enseñanza y un nuevo concepto de evaluación.This article compares the results of two ninth year school groups (14-16 years) in Portugal, working on a topic of Angle Geometry. One group worked with the scheme of a traditional didactic unit, while the other worked with a didactic unit based on the Theory of Nuclear Concepts. While the first type is based on the content structure of the syllabus and the acquisition of these contents are evaluated, in the second type the basis is the student's cognitive structure, the unit is organized around it and the changes produced are evaluated. Improvements were observed in the second group, both in the modification of the cognitive structure and in the results of traditional examinations. This new approach requires a previous knowledge of the student's conceptions, a different structuring of the teaching and a new concept of evaluation.Este artigo compara os resultados de dois grupos de alunos do nono ano de escolaridade (14-16 anos) de Portugal, abordando um tema em Geometria, o ângulo. Um dos grupos trabalhou com recurso a uma Unidade Didática tradicional e o outro com um modelo de Unidade Didática baseada na Teoria dos Conceitos Nucleares. Enquanto a primeira toma como ponto de partida a estrutura dos conteúdos do programa e avalia a aquisição dos mesmos, a segunda parte da estrutura cognitiva do aluno e a própria Unidade Didática organiza-se em função dessa estrutura e avalia as alterações produzidas. Foram observadas as melhorias do segundo grupo a nível das alterações da estrutura cognitiva e a nível dos resultados nas provas escritas usuais. Esta nova abordagem requer um trabalho prévio de conhecimento do aluno, uma diferente estrutura de ensino e um novo conceito de avaliação.peerReviewe