3,625 research outputs found
Entanglement of identical particles and reference phase uncertainty
We have recently introduced a measure of the bipartite entanglement of
identical particles, E_P, based on the principle that entanglement should be
accessible for use as a resource in quantum information processing. We show
here that particle entanglement is limited by the lack of a reference phase
shared by the two parties, and that the entanglement is constrained to
reference-phase invariant subspaces. The super-additivity of E_P results from
the fact that this constraint is weaker for combined systems. A shared
reference phase can only be established by transferring particles between the
parties, that is, with additional nonlocal resources. We show how this nonlocal
operation can increase the particle entanglement.Comment: 8 pages, no figures. Invited talk given at EQIS'03, Kyoto, September,
2003. Minor typos corrected, 1 reference adde
A systems approach to the management of large projects: Review of NASA experience with societal implications
The application of the NASA type management approach to achieve objectives in other fields is considered. The NASA management outlook and the influences of the NASA environment are discussed along with project organization and management, and applications to socio-economic projects
The case of online trust
“The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com”. Copyright SpringerThis paper contributes to the debate on online trust addressing the problem of whether an online environment satisfies the necessary conditions for the emergence of trust. The paper defends the thesis that online environments can foster trust, and it does so in three steps. Firstly, the arguments proposed by the detractors of online trust are presented and analysed. Secondly, it is argued that trust can emerge in uncertain and risky environments and that it is possible to trust online identities when they are diachronic and sufficient data are available to assess their reputation. Finally, a definition of trust as a second-order property of first-order relation is endorsed in order to present a new definition of online trust. According to such a definition, online trust is an occurrence of trust that specifically qualifies the relation of communication ongoing among individuals in digital environments. On the basis of this analysis, the paper concludes by arguing that online trust promotes the emergence of social behaviours rewarding honest and transparent communications.Peer reviewe
GREMEX update (Goddard research engineering management exercise)
Management simulation techniques offer training in management problems. Exercise was developed to provide experience in research and development project decision making from management rather than technological perspective. Program and documentation have been revised innumerable times in past. Described report is revised version as it exists to date
GREMEX-A new management training concept
Goddard Research Engineering Management Exercise provides experience in R&D project decision making from a management rather than technological view. The participant directs a hypothetical project presented in the management simulation technique. He uses old or new methods without concern for rewards or penalties existing in real life
Beyond Landauer erasure
In thermodynamics one considers thermal systems and the maximization of
entropy subject to the conservation of energy. A consequence is Landauer's
erasure principle, which states that the erasure of 1 bit of information
requires a minimum energy cost equal to where is the temperature
of a thermal reservoir used in the process and is Boltzmann's constant.
Jaynes, however, argued that the maximum entropy principle could be applied to
any number of conserved quantities which would suggest that information erasure
may have alternative costs. Indeed we showed recently that by using a reservoir
comprising energy degenerate spins and subject to conservation of angular
momentum, the cost of information erasure is in terms of angular momentum
rather than energy. Here we extend this analysis and derive the minimum cost of
information erasure for systems where different conservation laws operate. We
find that, for each conserved quantity, the minimum resource needed to erase 1
bit of memory is where is related to the average
value of the conserved quantity. The costs of erasure depend, fundamentally, on
both the nature of the physical memory element and the reservoir with which it
is coupled.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
A goal programming methodology for multiobjective optimization of distributed energy hubs operation
This paper addresses the problem of optimal energy flow management in multicarrier energy networks
in the presence of interconnected energy hubs. The overall problem is here formalized by a nonlinear
constrained multiobjective optimization problem and solved by a goal attainment based methodology.
The application of this solution approach allows the analyst to identify the optimal operation state of the
distributed energy hubs which ensures an effective and reliable operation of the multicarrier energy
network in spite of large variations of load demands and energy prices. Simulation results obtained on
the 30 bus IEEE test network are presented and discussed in order to demonstrate the significance and
the validity of the proposed method
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