A Methodological Approach to Integral Assessment of the Development Level of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Ukrainian Economy

The article states that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important prerequisite for the stable functioning of the country’s economy, a source of providing jobs for its citizens, a guarantee of their financial well-being, the basis for the middle class formation. The aim of the article is to develop a methodological approach to integral assessment of the level of SME development in the Ukrainian economy. The article examines the existing methodological approaches to assessing the level of development and significance of SMEs and suggests a methodological approach based on the relevant system of indicators that can be calculated using available official statistical information and form the components of an integral indicator characterizing various aspects of the SME development in Ukraine (the development dynamics and significance for the economy). Using the proposed approach, an integral indicator for assessment of the level of development and significance of SMEs by economic activity (EA) and, in general, in the economy of Ukraine, as well as by its components, is calculated. On the basis of the conducted research, it is established that in 2012-2015 the majority of economic activities of the country had a disproportionate correlation between the dynamics of development and the significance of SMEs, which had a negative impact on the level of social and economic development of Ukraine as a whole

Hyperoxia Causes Mitochondrial Fragmentation in Pulmonary Endothelial Cells by Increasing Expression of Pro-Fission Proteins

Objective—We explored mechanisms that alter mitochondrial structure and function in pulmonary endothelial cells (PEC) function after hyperoxia. Approach and Results—Mitochondrial structures of PECs exposed to hyperoxia or normoxia were visualized and mitochondrial fragmentation quantified. Expression of pro-fission or fusion proteins or autophagy-related proteins were assessed by Western blot. Mitochondrial oxidative state was determined using mito-roGFP. Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester estimated mitochondrial polarization in treatment groups. The role of mitochondrially derived reactive oxygen species in mt-fragmentation was investigated with mito-TEMPOL and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage studied by using ENDO III (mt-tat-endonuclease III), a protein that repairs mDNA damage. Drp-1 (dynamin-related protein 1) was overexpressed or silenced to test the role of this protein in cell survival or transwell resistance. Hyperoxia increased fragmentation of PEC mitochondria in a time-dependent manner through 48 hours of exposure. Hyperoxic PECs exhibited increased phosphorylation of Drp-1 (serine 616), decreases in Mfn1 (mitofusion protein 1), but increases in OPA-1 (optic atrophy 1). Pro-autophagy proteins p62 (LC3 adapter–binding protein SQSTM1/p62), PINK-1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1), and LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) were increased. Returning cells to normoxia for 24 hours reversed the increased mt-fragmentation and changes in expression of pro-fission proteins. Hyperoxia-induced changes in mitochondrial structure or cell survival were mitigated by antioxidants mito-TEMPOL, Drp-1 silencing, or inhibition or protection by the mitochondrial endonuclease ENDO III. Hyperoxia induced oxidation and mitochondrial depolarization and impaired transwell resistance. Decrease in resistance was mitigated by mito-TEMPOL or ENDO III and reproduced by overexpression of Drp-1. Conclusions—Because hyperoxia evoked mt-fragmentation, cell survival and transwell resistance are prevented by ENDO III and mito-TEMPOL and Drp-1 silencing, and these data link hyperoxia-induced mt-DNA damage, Drp-1 expression, mt-fragmentation, and PEC dysfunction

Strategic Analysis of Small Entrepreneurship Development in Kharkiv Стратегический анализ развития малого предпринимательства в Харькове

The article is devoted to the study of activity of small entrepreneurship in the city of Kharkiv. It conducts a strategic analysis of small entrepreneurship of Kharkiv with the help of the SWOT-analysis. The article reveals opportunities and threats of external environment with respect to small entrepreneurship in Kharkiv and its strengths and weaknesses. It conducts a strategic analysis of problems that slow down its development and identifies ways of their overcoming. It formulates strategic directions of formation and execution of the relevant effective and flexible regional policy within the framework of small entrepreneurship development. It makes a conclusion that the potential of positive influence of small entrepreneurship upon socio-economic processes cannot be used in full before negative factors are discovered and liquidated and the ways and mechanisms of progressive development of activity of small enterprises as an important sector of the national economy are justified.Статья посвящена исследованию деятельности малого бизнеса в г. Харькове. Проведен стратегический анализ малого предпринимательства Харькова с помощью метода SWOT-анализа. Были обнаружены возможности и угрозы внешней среды по отношению к малому предпринимательству в г. Харькове и его сильные и слабые стороны. Был проведен стратегический анализ проблем, замедляющих его развитие, и определены пути их преодоления. Сформулированы стратегические направления формирования и осуществления соответствующей эффективной и гибкой региональной политики в рамках развития малого предпринимательства. Сделан вывод о том, что потенциал позитивного влияния малого предпринимательства на социально-экономические процессы не может использоваться в полном объеме до тех пор, пока не будут обнаружены и ликвидированы негативные факторы, а также обоснованы пути и механизмы поступательного развития деятельности малых предприятий как важного сектора национальной экономики

Rationalisation of Management of Strategic Option of an Enterprise

The article analyses the state of management of domestic corporate enterprises by such features: nature of management, management functions, spheres of activity, efficiency of activity and priority directions of development. It outlines problems of non-correspondence of requirements of the highly competitive environment and existing models of management. It analyses the procedure of formation of managerial competences at the level of subjects of corporate relations, in the basis of which there is identification of their functions and criteria of efficiency of activity. It identifies a necessity of the study of managerial competences through allocation of corporate management subjects, authorities of which are outlined by goals of efficient management, protection of shareholders’ rights, ensuring observation of rights of interested persons, protected by law and international regulatory rules, ensuring modern and correct disclosure of information by all existing issues that have to do with the JSC activity. It justifies a set of measures on the search for efficient decisions on accumulation and use of managerial knowledge by means of creation of a portfolio of alternatives in correspondence with certain criteria

The New Methodology for Analyzing the Regulatory Impact of a Legal Act: Pros and Cons

Advantages and problems of the existing methodologies for analyzing the impact and monitoring of the effectiveness of a regulatory act (RIA) have been evaluated. The urgency of developing a methodological approach for evaluating the quality of the implementation of projects of normative legal acts by RIA regulatory authorities has been justified. There have been analyzed RIAs of the projects of normative legal acts developed by the regulatory authorities in March and April 2016 for their compliance with the new methodology. An algorithm of applying the methodological approach has been formed. The integral index has been proved and coefficients of the completeness of qualitative and quantitative evaluations have been determined. To carry out the assessment, the state and local regulatory authorities were selected. The conclusions as to the completeness and quality of the analyzed RIAs, as well as their compliance with the provisions of the new methodology have been made. Proposals to improve existing techniques have been developed