Management of neglected traumatic posterior dislocations of the hip in developing countries

Within a period of six months, three men were admitted following falls which had  occurred more than one week previously. They had all sustained minor trauma but  directly after the injury they were unable to bear weight on the affected limb. All three had Grade 1 posterior dislocations of the hip. Although the dislocation had  occurred more than one week previously, closed reduction under spinal anaesthesia was successful in each case. After reduction, the patients were put on traction for two weeks and then continued with partial weight-bearing for four weeks. Immediately after reduction physiotherapy was started. Following treatment, all  three patients walked without complaint. We concluded that a neglected posterior dislocation of the hip can be treated in a rural district hospital, with a trial of closed reduction under spinal anaesthesia. Successful reduction is essential to prevent further severe disability, after which further management can be discussed.Key words: hip, dislocation, neglected, developing countrie

Genetic sensitivity to the bitter taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and its association with Physiological mechanisms controlling Body Mass Index (BMI)

Taste sensitivity to the bitter compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) is considered a marker for individual differences in taste perception that may influence food preferences and eating behavior, and thereby energy metabolism. This review describes genetic factors that may contribute to PROP sensitivity including: (1) the variants of the TAS2R38 bitter receptor with their different affinities for the stimulus; (2) the gene that controls the gustin protein that acts as a salivary trophic factor for fungiform taste papillae; and (3) other specific salivary proteins that could be involved in facilitating the binding of the PROP molecule with its receptor. In addition, we speculate on the influence of taste sensitivity on energy metabolism, possibly via modulation of the endocannabinoid system, and its possible role in regulating body composition homeostasis

NCC Simulation Model: Simulating the operations of the network control center, phase 2

The simulation of the network control center (NCC) is in the second phase of development. This phase seeks to further develop the work performed in phase one. Phase one concentrated on the computer systems and interconnecting network. The focus of phase two will be the implementation of the network message dialogues and the resources controlled by the NCC. These resources are requested, initiated, monitored and analyzed via network messages. In the NCC network messages are presented in the form of packets that are routed across the network. These packets are generated, encoded, decoded and processed by the network host processors that generate and service the message traffic on the network that connects these hosts. As a result, the message traffic is used to characterize the work done by the NCC and the connected network. Phase one of the model development represented the NCC as a network of bi-directional single server queues and message generating sources. The generators represented the external segment processors. The served based queues represented the host processors. The NCC model consists of the internal and external processors which generate message traffic on the network that links these hosts. To fully realize the objective of phase two it is necessary to identify and model the processes in each internal processor. These processes live in the operating system of the internal host computers and handle tasks such as high speed message exchanging, ISN and NFE interface, event monitoring, network monitoring, and message logging. Inter process communication is achieved through the operating system facilities. The overall performance of the host is determined by its ability to service messages generated by both internal and external processors

Copyright Law: Integrating Successive Filtering into the Bifurcated Substantial Similarity Inquiry in Software Copyright Infringement Cases: A Standard for Determining the Scope of Copyright Protection for Non-Literal Elements of Computer Programs

The non-literal elements of a computer program, such as its user interface, are crucial in determining that program\u27s success on the commercial market. Such non-literal elements represent a substantial portion of the development costs of a program, but they are quite inexpensive to copy. Courts are currently unable to agree on the extent to which copyright law offers protection to the non-literal elements of computer programs, leaving the industry uncertain and hesitant to develop new user interfaces. This article develops a principled approach for determining the proper scope of copyright protection for the nonliteral elements of computer programs

Copyright Law: Integrating Successive Filtering into the Bifurcated Substantial Similarity Inquiry in Software Copyright Infringement Cases: A Standard for Determining the Scope of Copyright Protection for Non-Literal Elements of Computer Programs

The non-literal elements of a computer program, such as its user interface, are crucial in determining that program\u27s success on the commercial market. Such non-literal elements represent a substantial portion of the development costs of a program, but they are quite inexpensive to copy. Courts are currently unable to agree on the extent to which copyright law offers protection to the non-literal elements of computer programs, leaving the industry uncertain and hesitant to develop new user interfaces. This article develops a principled approach for determining the proper scope of copyright protection for the nonliteral elements of computer programs

Marked increase in PROP taste responsiveness following oral supplementation with selected salivary proteins or their related free amino acids

The genetic predisposition to taste 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) varies among individuals and is associated with salivary levels of Ps-1 and II-2 peptides, belonging to the basic proline-rich protein family (bPRP). We evaluated the role of these proteins and free amino acids that selectively interact with the PROP molecule, in modulating bitter taste responsiveness. Subjects were classified by their PROP taster status based on ratings of perceived taste intensity for PROP and NaCl solutions. Quantitative and qualitative determinations of Ps-1 and II-2 proteins in unstimulated saliva were performed by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Subjects rated PROP bitterness after supplementation with Ps-1 and II-2, and two amino acids (L-Arg and L-Lys) whose interaction with PROP was demonstrated by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. ANOVA showed that salivary levels of II-2 and Ps-1 proteins were higher in unstimulated saliva of PROP super-tasters and medium tasters than in non-tasters. Supplementation of Ps-1 protein in individuals lacking it in saliva enhanced their PROP bitter taste responsiveness, and this effect was specific to the non-taster group.(1)H-NMR results showed that the interaction between PROP and L-Arg is stronger than that involving L-Lys, and taste experiments confirmed that oral supplementation with these two amino acids increased PROP bitterness intensity, more for L-Arg than for L-Lys. These data suggest that Ps-1 protein facilitates PROP bitter taste perception and identifies a role for free L-Arg and L-Lys in PROP tasting