An efficient method to include equality constraints in branch current distribution system state estimation

Distribution system state estimation is a fundamental tool for the management and control functions envisaged for future distribution grids. The design of accurate and efficient algorithms is essential to provide estimates compliant with the needed accuracy requirements and to allow the real-time operation of the different applications. To achieve such requirements, peculiarities of the distribution systems have to be duly taken into account. Branch current-based estimators are an efficient solution for performing state estimation in radial or weakly meshed networks. In this paper, a simple technique, which exploits the particular formulation of the branch current estimators, is proposed to deal with zero injection and mesh constraints. Tests performed on an unbalanced IEEE 123-bus network show the capability of the proposed method to further improve efficiency performance of branch current estimators

The Profile of Distal Radius Fracture Colles\u27 Type at Dr. Soetomo Hospital in 2013

The fracture cases become increase because the rapid development of transportation and human mobility today is not offset by good vigilance in conducting the activity. One of the most common location is in the hand and involves distal radius part, named Colles\u27 fracture. Colles\u27 fracture is the most common wrist fracture (almost 80% of the forearm fractures and the incidence rise in elderly people especially woman. The adequate distribution data of Colles\u27 Fracture is not available yet. If this situation keeps going, it will have impacts on the lack of preventive measures and recovery methods. The study was design as descriptive and used secondary data from medical records in Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Total 37 patients that included in inclusion criteria. Distal radius fracture Colles\u27 type was common in woman. The most common age was 45-64 years old. Most common causes of fracture was traffic accidents. Left forearm become major affected side. The incidence dominantly occurred at the street. The incidence often occurred at 12.00-18.00. The onset of admission from the incidence place to hospital was less than 8 hours

Employment protection and firm-provided training in dual labour markets

In this paper we leverage a labour market reform (Fornero Law) which reduced firing restrictions for open-ended contracts in the case of firms with more than 15 employees in Italy. The results from a Difference in Regression Discontinuities design demonstrate that after the reform, the number of trained workers increased in firms just above the threshold by approximately 1.5 additional workers. We show that this effect can be explained by the reduction in worker turnover and a higher use of permanent contracts. Our study highlights the potentially adverse effects of employment protection legislation on training in dual labour markets