Study of branching pattern of left coronary artery in 50 specimens

This current study of Branching pattern of left coronary artery was carried out in fifty specimens. • The left coronary artery was seen to arise from the left posterior aortic sinus in all fifty specimens (100%). • With relation to Sinotubular Junction (STJ), the ostium was found at the level of sinotubular junction in five specimens (10%), below the level of sinotubular junction in forty five specimens (90%), none was seen above the level of sinotubular junction. • The mean length of the main trunk of left coronary artery was found to be 9.32 mm. • Regarding branching pattern, there was bifurcation of main trunk of left coronary artery in thirty one specimens (62%), trifurcation in sixteen specimens (32%), quadrification in three specimens (6%). • Apart from diagonal artery arising at the junction of two major branches showing trifurcation in five specimens (10%) one another branch called median artery was found in eleven specimens (22%). • Anterior interventricular artery with all its branches was seen in all fifty specimens and it terminated before apex in two specimens (4%), at apex in eighteen specimens (36%), beyond apex in twenty eight specimens (56%) and in posterior interventricular sulcus in two specimens (4%). • Myocardial bridges over anterior interventricular artery was seen in fifteen specimens (30%). • Left circumflex artery was seen in all fifty specimens (100%). Regarding its branches, sinoatrial nodal artery from left circumflex was seen in twelve specimens (24%). Left marginal artery was seen in all fifty specimens with parallel branch (1, 2 or 3) seen in ten specimens (20%) and the left circumflex artery terminating as left marginal artery in ten (20%) specimens. • Posterior interventricular artery determining the coronary dominance was seen to arise in five specimens (10%) and in one specimen (2%) there was a parallel branch to posterior interventricular artery. Atrioventricular nodal artery from posterior interventricular artery was found in five specimens (10%). • Termination of left circumflex artery was found at the obtuse border in thirteen specimens (26%), between obtuse border and crux in thirty one specimens (62%), at the crux in one specimen (2%) and between crux and acute border in five specimens (10%). • Left coronary dominance was seen in five specimens (10%) with posterior interventricular artery arising from left circumflex artery. • There was not a single left coronary anomaly found in this study. Recent technical advances in the study of coronary arteries make it necessary for all angiographers and cardiac surgeons to be familiar with variants of left coronary artery, because accurate identification and delineation of coronary arteries in the presence of coronary artery disease is integral to proper surgical revascularization of myocardium as surgical problems may follow if the surgeon unwittingly incises an anomalous vessel

Sustainable land use planning in post war areas using geo- informatics as tools

Proper land use planning is indispensable for the sustainable economic development in the war affected areas. Impacts of war always result in drastic change in the present land use practices of a region. Migration of people is the major factor induced in the transformation of (and use. Geo informatics (Geographic Information System, Remote sensing and Global Positioning System) can be used as a powerful tool for sustainable land use planning in the post war regions. Sustainable land use planning in post war regions involves two stages a) Creation of database (Spatial and non-spatial) and b) Planning with the help of decision support systems. Creation of database involves identifying natural resources using satellite images, preparation of various thematic maps (soil map, geomorphology map, geology map, topographical map, vegetation map and present land use map), surveying using sophisticated instruments and collecting general information's! population, Climate and land ownership) from the local administration. Effective planning can be made using GIS and remote sensing which involves identifying disaster free sites for settlements, creating ecology conserved zones and building basic infrastructures. Occupation creation and restoration are also parts of sustainable land use planning. Restoring people to their own lands, providing basic infrastructures, natural resource management and creating income to the people are the major themes of sustainable land use planning. Land use planning in post war areas using GIS as a decision support systems are able to bring out a sustainable and more efficient land use pattern than in the pre war period

Climate responsive design principles in Dravidian temples: A case study of Nellaiyappar temple

298-305The main objective of this paper is to focus on climate responsive design strategies adopted in one of the Dravidian temples, the Nellaiyappar temple, Tirunelveli, as a case example. Temples were the main gathering space and also a source of recreation in the olden days. The temple complexes are spaces with cultural vibrancy. The areas in and around the temple complexes are designed with consideration of the local climatic factors. Each space is designed per the activity, rituals held, and the climatic considerations of that region. In pursuing the investigation, the paper focuses on two main objectives. The first part of the study was to analyse the evolution of Dravidian temples with ages and its space planning within the temple complex. The planning of the temple complex and the materials used in the construction have crossed several transitions, starting from the rock-cut temples to structural temples. The evolution happened across various dynasties, from the Pallava dynasty to Nayaks. The second part of the study was to investigate the influence of climatic factors of the place on the planning of the temple and its precincts. Directly or indirectly, the climatic condition of the site controls the planning features and materials used in construction. Literature analyses of both objectives were done, and to examine them, Nellaiyappar temple, Tirunelveli, was taken as a case example. The study was done using a single method analysis that includes qualitative analysis. This qualitative study was done by a live case study visit to the temples, and further investigation was conducted by reading the plans, photographs, sketches, and sections. The entire temple complex was analysed qualitatively and found that responsive climate strategies were evident in the Nellaiyappar temple, and the design ideas may be adopted in modern temple typologies

Utilization of Marine Fishery Wastes for Protease Production by Halophilic Bacterium Halolactibacillus Miurensis RSK CAS7- A Microbial Approach

The marine wastes generates 50–60% of the total weight of shell fish as waste consists of protein (35–50%), chitin (15–25% of dry weight) which considered as major environmental pollutants due to uncontrolled dumping. The utilisation of marine waste not only solves environmental problems but also decreases the production costs of microbial products. So far in this study, halophilic bacterium was isolated from marine ascidians and identified as Halolactibacillus miurensis RSK CAS7 through 16S rRNA sequence. The effect of different marine wastes such as shrimp shell powder (SSP), crab shell powder (CSP), squid pen powder (SPP), sardinella powder, tuna powder and anchovy powder were tested on protease production. Among these Sardinella powder (579.46 U/ml) and shrimp shell powder (470.36 U/ml) showed maximum level of protease production and followed by other marine wastes. All the significant nutrients identified from the preliminary screening were further screened by using Plackett - Burman Design and it resulted sardinella powder, K2HPO4,NaCl and pH were the highly influencing factors and their concentration were further optimized by using central composite design. Central composite design revealed that four independent variables such as Sardinella powder (14.21 g/l), K2HPO4 (3.81 g/l), NaCl (154.1 g/l) and pH (9.0) were significantly influenced the protease production. With these optimum concentration levels, the maximum protease production (1,794.41 U/ml) was observed. Thus, protease production by microbial conversion of marine wastes suggested its potential utilisation for the production of high value products.Keywords: Waste Management, Protease, Marine Wastes, Halophilic Bacteri

Climate responsive design principles in Dravidian temples A case study of Nellaiappar temple

The main objective of this paper is to focus on climate responsive design strategies adopted in one of the Dravidian temples, the Nellaiyappar temple, Tirunelveli, as a case example. Temples were the main gathering space and also a source of recreation in the olden days. The temple complexes are spaces with cultural vibrancy. The areas in and around the temple complexes are designed with consideration of the local climatic factors. Each space is designed per the activity, rituals held, and the climatic considerations of that region. In pursuing the investigation, the paper focuses on two main objectives. The first part of the study was to analyse the evolution of Dravidian temples with ages and its space planning within the temple complex. The planning of the temple complex and the materials used in the construction have crossed several transitions, starting from the rock-cut temples to structural temples. The evolution happened across various dynasties, from the Pallava dynasty to Nayaks. The second part of the study was to investigate the influence of climatic factors of the place on the planning of the temple and its precincts. Directly or indirectly, the climatic condition of the site controls the planning features and materials used in construction. Literature analyses of both objectives were done, and to examine them, Nellaiyappar temple, Tirunelveli, was taken as a case example. The study was done using a single method analysis that includes qualitative analysis. This qualitative study was done by a live case study visit to the temples, and further investigation was conducted by reading the plans, photographs, sketches, and sections. The entire temple complex was analysed qualitatively and found that responsive climate strategies were evident in the Nellaiyappar temple, and the design ideas may be adopted in modern temple typologies

Kajian Impuritas dan Pengolahan Air Tangki Reaktor Triga 2000 Bandung

KAJIAN IMPURITAS DAN PENGOLAHAN AIR TANGKI REAKTOR TRIGA 2000 BANDUNG. Air tangki reaktor TRIGA 2000 merupakan bagian yang penting di dalam sistem reaktor, karena berfungsi sebagai pendingin, moderator dan pelindung radiasi. Karena ketiga fungsi ini, air tangki mempunyai persyaratan tertentu yang dicantumkan pada LAK (Laporan analisis keselamatan ) reaktor TRIGA 2000 Bandung. Selama pengoprasian, air ini mengalami berbagai peristiwa. Di dalam teras reaktor air bersentuhan dengan elemen bakar nuklir untuk memindahkan panas dan elemen bakar nuklir tersebut. Di dalam tangki reaktor air ini selain berfungsi sebagai perisai radiasi, juga sebagai penghalang pelepasan zat radioaktif ke lingkungan . Pada alat penukar panas. air melepaskan panas dan sistem reaktor ke sistem di luar reaktor.Karena berbagai peristiwa ini air reaktor yang pada awalnya sesuai dengan peryaratan LAK, setelah pengoperasian reaktor kualitasnya berubah, sehingga harus disirkulasi untuk dibersihkan kembali. Unsur pengotor yang berkaitan dengan persyaratan LAK reaktor TRIGA 2000 diidentifikasi, kemudian dari data penyebab pengotor yang mungkin terjadi , dipilih korosi dan pelepasan kembali ion oleh resin sebagai bahan diskusi

Adaptable Handy Clench for Destitute of Vision using GSM

ABSTRACT: For those with no or limited sense of sight, navigating through the world can be a challenge. The visually impaired must rely on senses other than sight such as hearing and touch to guide them. The walking cane has been the traditional navigational tool for the bind, but it offers only a limited sense of the environment that is focused mainly on protecting the legs and feet. Our model aims at providing short texting while navigation for the destitute using GSM along with the detection of human, obstruction and fire on the way. This has the advantage of having as many degrees of freedom as the hand and requires fewer actuators and sensors compared to a head-mounted display

The Effect of Interest in Becoming A Sharia Bank Customer to Students of FEBI Universitas Suryakancana, Indonesia

This research is motivated by the main problem which considers the concept of Islamic banks to be the hsame as conventional banks. This study aims to describe the effect of prevention and knowledge of Islamic banking products on the interest in becoming a customer of Islamic banks in FEBI students of the Surya Kencana University. The method used is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The population was 581 FEBI students, so that the sample was taken by random sampling using the Slovin formula and obtained 86 respondents. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination test, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study concluded that partially the motivation to avoid usury had an effect on the interest in becoming a sharia bank customer in FEBI students. No doubt with a contribution of 21.9%. Then, knowledge of Islamic banking products affects the interest in becoming a customer of Islamic banks in FEBI Elements students with a contribution of 46.4%. Simultaneously, avoiding usury and product knowledge have an effect on interest in becoming a sharia bank customer in FEBI Element students with a contribution of 68.3% with a strong coefficient proportion. While the remaining 31.7% is influenced by other factors outside the variables not examined with a low proportion coefficient

Photocatalytic destruction of an organic dye, Acid Red 73 in aqueous ZnO suspension using UV light energy

63-67Photocatalytic degradation of the azo dye Acid Red 73 (AR 73) in aqueous solution with zinc oxide as photocatalyst in slurry form has been investigated using UV light. There is a significant difference in adsorption of dye on ZnO surface with the change in solution pH. The effects of various parameters such as catalyst loading, pH and initial concentration of the dye on degradation have been determined. The degradation is strongly enhanced in the presence of electron acceptors such as H2O2, (NH4)2S2O8 and KBrO3. Addition of dye-assisting chemicals such as Na2CO3 and NaCl inhibits the removal rate. The photodegradation analysis has been carried out using Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model