Extraction of Some Divalent Metal Ions (Cadmium, Nickel and Lead) from Different Tea and Rice Samples Using Ghezeljeh Nanoclay (Geleh-Sar-Shoor) as a New Natural Sorbent

This article presents the method of extraction-preconcentration of Lead, Cadmium, and Nickel ions from food samples using the Ghezeljeh montmorillonite nanoclay (Geleh-Sar-Shoor) as a new native adsorbent in batch single component systems. The extractionpreconcentration of heavy metals were carried out by applying the solid phase extraction (SPE) method followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and inductively coupled with plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The Ghezeljeh nanoclay was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer operating (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) measurements, BET specific surface area and Zeta potential. According to BET theory, the specific surface areas of the Ghezeljeh nanoclay was calculated to be 19.8 m 2 g -1 whereas the cation exchange capacity was measured to be 150 meq/100 g. The results of XRD, XRF, FT-IR, Zeta potential and BET surface area of the nanoclay confirmed that montmorillonite was the dominant mineral phase. Based on SEM images of this clay, it can be seen that the distance between the plates is nm level. For all three ions, the detection and quantification limits, dynamic linear range, preconcentration factor, and adsorption capacity were obtained. The effect of various interfering ions was studied. The experimental method was successfully applied for the extraction of heavy metals in different tea and rice samples

In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity and total phenol contents of some extracts from ripe fruits of Phoenix dactylifera var Berhi

This study was aimed at evaluating polyphenolic compounds and antioxidative capacity of Berhi variety of Date as well as comparing the methanolic extract and methanol-chloroform and methanol-aqueous fractions. The methanolic extract was prepared by maceration method. Concentratrd methanolic extract was suspended in water and extracted by chlorophorm. Water and chlorophorm fractions were dried with freeze drier. In this paper, the antioxidant activity of extracts has been analyzed using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2�-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free-radical scavenging, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), Iron chelation and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. In addition total phenolic, flavonoids and oligomeric proanthocyanidins compounds were also analyzed. Quantitative phytochemical studies showed the presence abundant amount of phenolic, flavonoids and oligomeric proanthocyanidins compounds in extracts. The IC50 values of, Met-Aqu, methanolic and Met-Chl extracts for scavenging the DPPH and ABTS radical ranged from 161.64 to 238.95 and 52.3 to 152.40, respectively while that of Iron chelation, erythrocyte hemolysis and EC1 of FRAP assay ranged from 695.38 to 925.94, 147.40 to 418.87 and 0.748 to 2.32 µg/ml. Results indicate that the amount of total phenol, flavonoids and oligomeric proanthocyanidins compounds in the extracts is rated as Met-Aqu> Methanol>Met-Chl. Results of antioxdative, iron chelation, and hemolysis tests indicate an order of MetAqu> Methanol>Met-Chl. Better results of Met-Aqu can be because of its more polyphenolic compound. Results above show that this method of preparing fractions from methanolic extract can cause more polyphenolic compound extraction and improvement of the antioxidative effect. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. All rights reserved

Aktywność antyoksydacyjna, całkowita zawartość związków fenolowych i flawonoidów w trzech ziołach używanych jako przyprawy i dodatki do marynat

Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss, Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff., and Echinophora platyloba DC. belong the Apiaceae family. They are Iranian endemic plants. These three herbs have been used as food additives in traditional preparations such as pickles. Antioxidant activity (AA) of methanol extracts (ME) of the plants was evaluated by three assays, including DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC. From all three assays, comparing all the MEs for their IC50 and EC1 values, E. platyloba had the highest AA. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts ranged from 74 to 120 mg TAE/g. The extract of H. lasiopetalum exhibited the highest TPC. The flavonoids content (FC) of the extracts ranged from 7.63 to 14.52 mg RE/g, from which the extract of E. platyloba had the highest flavonoids concentration. A positive correlation between the FC and AA in DPPH assay was found. A significant correlation was also found between the TPC and AA in FRAP assay. These results suggested that the level of AA in these plants varied in a great extent. Our results indicated that extract of E. platyloba could be an important dietary source of flavonoids compounds with high antioxidant capacity. In addition, E. platyloba can be used as an alternative preservative and natural flavor instead of synthetic ones in food industry (especially pickles).Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss., Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. i Echinophora platyloba DC. należą do rodziny Apiaceae. Są to irańskie rośliny endemiczne. Tych trzech ziół używa się jako dodatków do tradycyjnych produktów, takich jak marynaty. Działanie przeciwutleniające wyciągu metanolowego z tych roślin zostało zbadane trzema metodami: DPPH, FRAP i TEAC. Z trzech badań, podczas których porównano wartości IC50 i EC1 dla wyciągów metanolowych, największe działanie przeciwutleniające wykazano dla E. platyloba. Całkowita zawartość związków fenolowych (TPC) w ekstraktach wynosiła od 74 do 120 mg TAE/g. Największą zawartość TPC wykazano dla wyciągu z H. lasiopetalum. Zawartość flawonoidów (FC) w wyciągach wynosiła od 7.63 do 14.52 mg RE/g; największe stężenie flawonoidów odnotowano dla wyciągu z E. platyloba. W teście DPPH znaleziono dodatnią korelację pomiędzy zawartością flawonoidów a aktywnością antyoksydacyjną. W teście FRAP znaleziono istotną korelację między całkowitą zawartością związków fenolowych a aktywnością antyoksydacyjną. Te wyniki sugerują, że aktywność antyoksydacyjna w tych roślinach bardzo się różni. Nasze wyniki pokazały, że wyciąg z E. platyloba może być ważnym źródłem flawonoidów w diecie, działających silnie przeciwutleniająco. Co więcej, E. platyloba można stosować jako alternatywny, naturalny dodatek smakowy i konserwujący, zamiast dodatków syntetycznych (szczególnie w marynatach)

Antioxidant activity some endemic Iranian medicinal plants (Lamiaceae)

Oxidation, deterioration, and microbial reactions occurring in food products may cause economic loss. Deterioration of lipids is catalysed by different internal and external factors, such as free radicals, metal ions, light, and heat. In this study, some of the Iranian endemic plants were collected from their natural location in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari. By maceration method with methanol solvent, extracts were obtained. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts was evaluated by three antioxidant assays: DPPH, FRAP & TEAC. In DPPH

Effects of solvent on textural properties of γ-alumina nanoparticles synthesized via sol-gel method

In present investigation, γ-alumina nanoparticles with particle sizes less than 10 nm and high surface area was prepared using sol–gel method in presence of aluminum isopropoxide as an aluminum precursor, distilled water, acetic acid as hydrolysis rate controller and 1-butanol, tert-butanol and 2-propanol as solvent. The effects of solvent type on textural properties of the as-received and heat treated γ-alumina were investigated. The received powder was characterized by simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) method. The calcined γ-alumina nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. This study revealed that the solvent types, weight ratios of reactants, calcination temperature and time were important factors to preparation of γ-alumina with high surface area (in the range of 339–351 m2/g) and relatively narrow pore size distribution

Attenuation of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Wistar Rats by Combination Treatment of Two Natural Phenolic Compounds: Quercetin and Gallic Acid

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of two potent natural antioxidants, gallic acid and quercetin as single or combination treatment against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). A total of 50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 and 2 intratracheally received saline and bleomycin (7.5 UI/kg), respectively, on day 7, accompanied by oral saline administration for 28 day. Groups 3, 4, and 5 received a single dose of bleomycin on day 7, accompanied by oral administration of gallic acid, quercetin, and their combination, respectively, for 28 day. Finally, the lungs were removed for biochemical and histopathological tests. The combination treatment demonstrated a remarkable decrease in lung hydroxyproline and TNF-α level and increase in catalase activity as compared with both single phytochemical-treated groups. The combination treatment significantly enhanced lung SOD activity and GSH level and decreased NO and IL-6 levels as compared with quercetin-treated group. However, only combination treatment could decrease the lung index and completely reversed histopathological changes in the bleomycin-treated group. In sum, when compared to a single exposure, the combination treatment might be a more effective approach for PF treatment because of its superior efficacy in reversing lung histological changes in the bleomycin-treated group. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC