Situations in traffic - how quickly they change

Spatio-temporal correlations of intensity of traffic are analysed for one week data collected in the motorway M-30 around Madrid in January 2009. We found that the lifetime of these correlations is the shortest in the evening, between 6 and 8 p.m. This lifetime is a new indicator how much attention of drivers is demanded in given traffic conditions.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

The B1 shock in the L1157 outflow as seen at high spatial resolution

We present high spatial resolution (750 AU at 250 pc) maps of the B1 shock in the blue lobe of the L1157 outflow in four lines: CS (3-2), CH3OH (3_K-2_K), HC3N (16-15) and p-H2CO (2_02-3_01). The combined analysis of the morphology and spectral profiles has shown that the highest velocity gas is confined in a few compact (~ 5 arcsec) bullets while the lowest velocity gas traces the wall of the gas cavity excavated by the shock expansion. A large velocity gradient model applied to the CS (3-2) and (2-1) lines provides an upper limit of 10^6 cm^-3 to the averaged gas density in B1 and a range of 5x10^3< n(H2)< 5x10^5 cm^-3 for the density of the high velocity bullets. The origin of the bullets is still uncertain: they could be the result of local instabilities produced by the interaction of the jet with the ambient medium or could be clump already present in the ambient medium that are excited and accelerated by the expanding outflow. The column densities of the observed species can be reproduced qualitatively by the presence in B1 of a C-type shock and only models where the gas reaches temperatures of at least 4000 K can reproduce the observed HC3N column density.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure

Clinical and molecular characterization of a cardiac ryanodine receptor founder mutation causing catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

Background Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a difficult-to-diagnose cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). We identified a family of 1400 individuals with multiple cases of CPVT, including 36 SCDs during youth. Objectives We sought to identify the genetic cause of CPVT in this family, to preventively treat and clinically characterize the mutation-positive individuals, and to functionally characterize the pathogenic mechanisms of the mutation. Methods Genetic testing was performed for 1404 relatives. Mutation-positive individuals were preventively treated with β-blockers and clinically characterized with a serial exercise treadmill test (ETT) and Holter monitoring. In vitro functional studies included caffeine sensitivity and store overload–induced calcium release activity of the mutant channel in HEK293 cells. Results We identified the p.G357S_RyR2 mutation, in the cardiac ryanodine receptor, in 179 family members and in 6 SCD cases. No SCD was observed among treated mutation-positive individuals over a median follow-up of 37 months; however, 3 relatives who had refused genetic testing (confirmed mutation-positive individuals) experienced SCD. Holter monitoring did not provide relevant information for CPVT diagnosis. One single ETT was unable to detect complex cardiac arrhythmias in 72% of mutation-positive individuals, though the serial ETT improved the accuracy. Functional studies showed that the G357S mutation increased caffeine sensitivity and store overload–induced calcium release activity under conditions that mimic catecholaminergic stress. Conclusion Our study supports the use of genetic testing to identify individuals at risk of SCD to undertake prophylactic interventions. We also show that the pathogenic mechanisms of p.G357S_RyR2 appear to depend on β-adrenergic stimulation

Mindfulness aplicado a la atención primaria

Puntos clave - Mindfulness se entiende como atención y conciencia plena, como un esfuerzo por centrarse en el momento presente, en el aquí y ahora, de modo activo y reflexivo con carácter no valorativo. - Los componentes fundamentales del mindfulness son: centrarse en el presente, apertura a la experiencia, aceptación radical, elección de experiencias y renuncia al control. - Las principales cualidades del mindfulness son: no conceptual, centrado en el presente, no valorativo, intencional, observación participante, no verbal, exploratorio y liberador. - Los principales programas son: como Programa de Reducción del Estrés basado en Mindfulness, Terapia Cognitiva basada en el Mindfulness y Prevención de recaídas basado en Mindfulness. - Las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness destacan por ser sencillas, breves y adaptables al tipo de paciente y su patología. - Los programas de mindfulness pueden aplicarse tanto con carácter interventivo como preventivo. - El minfulness ha mostrado eficacia en atención primaria sobre distintas afecciones tanto físicas como mentales, como ansiedad, depresión, suicidio, estrés, hipertensión, enfermedad coronaria, diabetes, cefaleas, adicciones, dolor crónico y fibromialgia. - Los profesionales de la salud son un sector sometido a importantes niveles de estrés laboral debido a las características psicológicas, emocionales y organizacionales inherentes al propio puesto de trabajo. - En relación con los profesionales de la salud en atención primaria, el mindfulness se muestra eficaz en la reducción del estrés y la mejora en la calidad de vida. - A pesar de la eficacia demostrada, todavía es un reto su implementación sistemática en los centros de salud de atención primaria

Organized B cell sites in cartilaginous fishes reveal the evolutionary foundation of germinal centers

The absence of germinal centers (GCs) in cartilaginous fishes lies at odds with data showing that nurse sharks can produce robust antigen-specific responses and affinity mature their B cell repertoires. To investigate this apparent incongruity, we performed RNA sequencing on single nuclei, allowing us to characterize the cell types present in the nurse shark spleen, and RNAscope to provide in situ cellular resolution of key marker gene expression following immunization with R-phycoerythrin (PE). We tracked PE to the splenic follicles where it co-localizes with CXCR5high centrocyte-like B cells and a population of putative T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, surrounded by a peripheral ring of Ki67+ AID+ CXCR4+ centroblast-like B cells. Further, we reveal selection of mutations in B cell clones dissected from these follicles. We propose that the B cell sites iden tified here represent the evolutionary foundation of GCs, dating back to the jawed vertebrate ancestor

Effect of Nitrogen on Agronomic Yield, Spad Units and Nitrate Content in Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffal.) in Dry Weather

This study was conducted in polyethylene bags of 4 kg capacity with plants of Jamaica from seeds collected from an accession on the coast of Oaxaca, which were planted under the ecological conditions of Teotitlán de Flores Magón, and evaluated under completely randomized design, where treatments were four levels of nitrogen: 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 and four repetitions (4x4) = 16 experimental units. The variables evaluated were: both agronomic yields: chalice and seed, harvest index, SPAD units and nitrate content in leaf. The results indicate that higher yields ofseed and chalice, biomass, nitrate content in leaf and SPAD units were achieved with the application of 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen with 50.39, 196.80, 620.4 g plant-1, 85.00 mg kg-1 and 29.10 units, respectively. The content of nitrates and its relationship with SPAD units, adjusted to an increasing linear model for the four levels of nitrogen studied. From this study it can be concluded that the application of 100 kg N ha-1, positively affect the culture of Jamaica under dry weather conditions way

Correlation between the findings in the first post-transplantation Renogram and the allograft renal function twelve months after surgery

EP-061 Aim/Introduction: To study the correlation between findings in the first renogram post-trasplantation, and the evolution of the renal function of the graft twelve months after surgery. Materials and Methods: 20-minute duration renogram with [99mTc]Tc-MAG3, performed in the first 72 hours post-kidney transplantation, of patients attended at the Nuclear Medicine Service between January-December of 2018 are reviewed, extracting: a) the concentration angle (CA) that measures the inclination of the ascent section of the concentration phase with respect to the vertical axis (cutoff thershold <40° vs =40°); b) the time, in minutes (Tmax), at which the maximum concentration occurs (<10 vs =10min); and c) the percentage of cortical retention (CR) at the end of the study (<80% vs =80%). These 3 parameters are correlated with renal function at 12 months post-transplantation, through the need or not of dialysis. Results: A total of 62 renograms were obtained, excluding 7 due to death as a result of intercurrent diseases and 2 due to vascular complications and graft loss, before the first year after surgery. 53 patients, 15 female and 38 male, aged between 20-80 years, were included in the analysis. Functional failure (dialysis) of the graft one year after the transplantation ocurred in 15% (8/53). In patients with CA =40° the probability of failure was 28% (5/18) and in CA <40° 8.6% (3/35), with relative risk (RR) of 3.2. 7/34 (20, 6%) patients incluided in the group with Tmax =10 min were on dialysis one-year after, unlike just 1/19 (5, 3%) if Tmax<10min (RR 3, 8). Among the 37 patients with CR =80%, 8/37 (22%) were dialyzed one year after, while none of the 16 in the group of patients with CR <80% (0% probability if CR <80%). The matching of parameteres CA =40°, Tmax =10 min and CR =80% together do not improve the prediction of dialysis one year after (27%, 5/18). Conclusion: 1. Renogram parameters 72 hours post-transplantation, such as concentration phase angle =40°, time at maximun concentration =10min and percentage of cortical retention =80%, allow recognize a group of patients with greater probability of needing dialysis in the first year after surgery, but they do not are capable of indentify in which specific patients it will occur. 2. The parameter that best predicts the viability of the graft is cortical retention <80%

Analysis of results of effective dose estimation obtained from RADAR 2017 dose assessment model for nuclear medicine procedures

EP-296 Aim/Introduction: To analyze the results of effective dose (E) estimation of the most frequent procedures using photon emitters in Nuclear Medicine, obtained from RADAR 2017 dose assessment model. To compare these results with those obtained from ICRP 128 (2015) recommendations, and to assess how using each dose assessment model can change E results. Materials and Methods: E estimation data was collected from photon emitter procedures performed during the last year in our department, obtained from RADAR 2017 dose estimation model for age groups: = 1 year old; >1-5 years old ; >5- 10 years old, >10- 15 years old and adults. Injected activity was the one recommended by international guidelines and EANM Pediatric and Dosimetry Committees. Hybrid exams (SPECT / CT) and procedures for which there is no RADAR 2017 dosimetry estimation were excluded. Results for (E) were compared with those obtained by using ICRP 128 (2015) recommendations. Results: With RADAR 2017 dose evaluation model we obtained a lower mean value of E on most of the procedures that were analyzed, being significantly lower for Renogram, Renal scintigraphy on >10-15 years old, Thyroid scintigraphy, Meckel’s scan and Bone Scan (0.12 to 1.16 mSv, 25% to 67%). Brain perfusion and Renal scintigraphy on ages under 10 obtained a significantly greater difference for E (0.33 to 2.85 mSv, 26% to 29%). Conclusion: These results are an updated collection of estimated E values for photon-emitting radiopharmaceuticals commonly used in Nuclear Medicine, considering RADAR 2017 dose assessment model compared to ICRP 128) recommendations. Methodological changes on estimation lead to lower E for most of diagnostic procedures using photon emitters, this is of special interest for patients undergoing repeated ionizing radiation (dosimetry history)

On the setup of an operational autonomous underwater glider facility

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