Tendencias, factores desencadenantes y tipo de plagio en las tareas académicas: un caso de estudio en la universidad española

The aim of the paper is to deepen the knowledge of plagiarism among college students in a Spanish University and to propose measures leading to its reduction. An analytical framework was developed to compare students’ perception of the plagiarism that they perform with data provided by anti-plagiarism software, which provided objective information about student’s real plagiarism behaviour. The data´s comparison revealed a general lack of knowledge about plagiarism; 37 % of the students declared ignorance of what it is. They were able to recognise cheating activities as plagiarism only when severe. Thus, cheating attitudes were perceived as morally acceptable in the most common plagiarism situations such as the reproduction of works from the internet. In policy terms, the implementation of training measures is advisable to provide students with conceptual tools to help them avoid and reject plagiarism. Improving compliance and the articulation of gradual and adapted punishments to the cheaters will be relevant to reinforce the educational system and reduce dishonest attitudesEl objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en el conocimiento sobre plagio entre las actividades académicas de estudiantes de una universidad española y proponer medidas encaminadas a su reducción. Para ello, hemos desarrollado un marco analítico que compara la percepción de los estudiantes sobre el plagio que realizan, con datos objetivos ofrecidos por un software antiplagio sobre el comportamiento plagiador de ese mismo grupo de estudiantes. La comparación reveló una falta generalizada de conocimiento sobre qué constituye plagio. En ese sentido, el 37% de los estudiantes consultados declararon desconocer que actividades son consideradas como plagio. Así, algunas de las actividades de plagio más comunes, como la reproducción de obras de Internet, fueron percibidas como moralmente aceptables entre los estudiantes. Para minimizar el plagio, recomendamos la implementación de medidas formativas entre los estudiantes que les proporcionen herramientas conceptuales para evitar y rechazar el plagio. Mejorar el cumplimiento entre los estudiantes y la articulación de castigos graduales y adaptados a los diferentes tipos de plagiadores, también será relevante para reforzar el sistema educativo y reducir las actitudes deshonesta

Teacher‘s Digital Skills in Relation to Their Age, Gender, Time of Usage and Training with a Tablet

The present studies objective was to determine the digital level capabilities of primary school teachers and their relation with certain sociodemographic factors. The focus was quantitative and a cross-sectional survey design for two or more groups was used. The sample was non-probabilistic and included 88 fifth and sixth grade teachers from 32 schools from Cd. Obregón and Navojoa, Sonora. The results showed that 65.9% of the teachers, were perceived at a intermediate level of their digital skills. That in the Operation and Concepts of ICT, the set of teachers was placed at an expert level with an average of 4.33 (0.64). While in the Communication and Collaboration, they were perceived at the level without the use of the ICT, an average of 1.78 (0.59). On their part, the test t of Student revealed significant differences between the digital skill variable and its factors: Operation and Concept of the ICT, Communication and Collaboration, and Critical Thinking and Information Management, with the contrasting variables: daily hours that the teacher destines to the use of the computer/tablet to support their subjects, weekly hours that the teacher destines to the use of the computer/tablet in the classroom to support their subjects and related training with the use of the ICT. Finally, the results are discussed as well as their possible implications

Updating the Master Management Plan for El Cachucho MPA (Cantabrian Sea) using a spatial planning approach

Located in the Cantabrian Sea (NE Atlantic), 30 nm off the Asturian coast, “El Cachucho” was the first off-shore Marine Protected Area (MPA) to be declared in Spain. The area includes Le Danois Bank and its intraslope basin. It joined the OSPAR Network of MPAs in 2009 and, thereafter, was included in the Natura 2000 Network in 2011. The main reason for its declaration as MPA was the presence of the 1170 Reefs habitat included in Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive. In 2018, the MPAs Master Management Plan was under revision and its design criteria were subjected to evaluation. We used Marxan decision support tool to evaluate the MPA's management design criteria. This tool selects the most important conservation features, while minimizing the socioeconomic cost. First, the 1170 Reefs habitat was defined as the main environmental value. Specifically, we took into account the six large sized target species that are more representative of this habitat in the area: the sponges Asconema setubalense, Geodia cf. barretti and Phakellia robusta, the anthipatarian Leiopathes glaberrima, and the gorgonians Placogorgia sp. and Callogorgia verticillata. A spatial distribution map was produced for each species using Generalized Additive Models (GAM). We also considered the presence of spawning stocks of fish species which are present in the area as an important conservation value. Their spatial distribution was modeled through Maxent software. Additionally, for the socioeconomic cost, fishing effort of the different fisheries operating in the area was estimated linking VMS/Logbook data before and after the MPA was declared. The first results obtained with the Marxan tool were presented in public consultation, in the context of the LIFE + INTEMARES Project, to help in decision making within the new Management Plan. Thus, to improve the management measures aimed at the conservation of the environmental values of the MPA, an enlargement of the protected area to the West was proposed, and a more reasonable use of the buffer area to fishermen than that defined in the former Management Plan was suggested. Involving all stakeholders in the development of the management plan for this MPA is a decisive step for the creation and consolidation of an important network of MPAs in Spain.En prensa2,08

Effect of different digestates derived from anaerobic co-digestion of Olive Mill Solid Waste (OMSW) and various microalgae as fertilizers for the cultivation of ryegrass

Aims The aim of this work was to evaluate the fertilizing effect of three anaerobic co-digestates on the growth of the herbaceous plant Lolium rigidum. Methods Nine treatments, combining different nutritional solutions (organic and inorganic) and number of fertilizations (one or two) were evaluated. Organic nutritive solution: plants grown with different olive mill solid waste (OMSW) -microalgae co-digestates: 75% OMSW-25% Raphidocelis subcapitata, volatile solids (VS) basis (OMSW-Rs); 50% OMSW- 50% Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, VS basis (OMSW-Chl); and 75% OMSW-25% Secenedesmus quadricauda, VS basis (OMSW-Sq). Inorganic nutritive solution (INS): plants grown with inorganic Hoagland nutrient solution at 50%. After 60 days of experimentation, biometric and nutritional characteristics and photosynthetic activity were measured. Results The results showed a favourable growth, development and nutritional quality of L. rigidum plants when digestates obtained from the anaerobic co-digestion of OMSW-microalgae are used as organic nutritional solutions as opposed to INS ones. The highest total biomass of L. rigidum was obtained with the treatments that involved two fertilizations. No inhibition due to excess nutrients was observed. A higher root/shoot ratio was achieved with the digestates of OMSW-Rs and OMSW-Ch as compared to that obtained with OMSW-Sq (F = 17.23 p ≤ 0.001). The nitrogen shoot biomass obtained after the organic treatments with the above-mentioned co-digestates was higher than that obtained after the inorganic treatment. Net photosynthesis rates did not present differences in the co-digestates treatments, being equal or superior to the INS treatments. Conclusions The use of the anaerobic co-digestates from OMSW-microalgae can be considered a viable and promising alternative to inorganic fertilization

A bright radio HH object with large proper motions in the massive star-forming region W75N

We analyze radio continuum and line observations from the archives of the Very Large Array, as well as X-ray observations from the \emph{Chandra} archive of the region of massive star formation W75N. Five radio continuum sources are detected: VLA 1, VLA 2, VLA 3, Bc, and VLA 4. VLA 3 appears to be a radio jet; we detect J=1-0, v=0 SiO emission towards it, probably tracing the inner parts of a molecular outflow. The radio continuum source Bc, previously believed to be tracing an independent star, is found to exhibit important changes in total flux density, morphology, and position. These results suggest that source Bc is actually a radio Herbig-Haro object, one of the brightest known, powered by the VLA~3 jet source. VLA 4 is a new radio continuum component, located a few arcsec to the south of the group of previously known radio sources. Strong and broad (1,1) and (2,2) ammonia emission is detected from the region containing the radio sources VLA~1, VLA~2, and VLA~3. Finally, the 2-10 keV emission seen in the \emph{Chandra}/ACIS image shows two regions that could be the termination shocks of the outflows from the multiple sources observed in W75N.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figure

Influence of functional capacity on lipid profile, muscle damage and biochemical profile among community-dwelling elderly-people

Under a Creative Commons license.[ES]: [Objetivo]: Describir la influencia que la capacidad funcional tiene sobre el perfil bioquímico y daño muscular, así como analizar la relación existente entre estas variables en personas mayores no institucionalizadas. [Método]: Se utilizó un diseño de corte transversal-observacional en el que se incluyeron 43 sujetos (19 hombres y 24 mujeres). Se analizó la capacidad funcional (T6MW, TUG, CST y PM) y variables bioquímicas (colesterol total, HDL, LDL, triglicéridos, glucosa, GOT, GPT, creatinina y CK). Se establecieron diferencias en función del nivel de capacidad funcional de cada una de las pruebas, así como las relaciones entre cada una de las variables. [Resultados]: Los sujetos que obtuvieron mayores niveles en los test de capacidad funcional obtuvieron resultados más satisfactorios para las diferentes variables de estudio bioquímico (p < 0,05). Estas diferencias se mantuvieron también cuando los datos fueron analizados atendiendo al género. Además, se observó una correlación entre el daño muscular y las diferentes variables de capacidad funcional testadas. [Conclusión]: Este estudio muestra la influencia que la capacidad funcional en mayores presenta sobre parámetros bioquímicos asociados a enfermedades metabólicas o cardiovasculares, así como sobre el daño muscular y sugiere la necesidad de implementar actividades tanto aeróbicas como de fuerza en población mayor.[EN]: [Objective]: To analyze the influence of functional capacity on the biochemical profile and muscle damage and to test the level of relationship between these variables among community-dwelling elderly people. [Method]: A cross-sectional, observational study with 43 participants (19 males and 24 women) was performed. Functional capacity (including 6MWT, TUG test, CST test and Hand grip strength test), and biochemical profile (including total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, glucose, GOT, GPT, creatine and CK) were assessed. Differences on biochemical profile-related variables regarding the functional capacity level were analyzed. The level of relationship between the variables comprising these two domains was also assessed. [Results]: Those participants with a better results in functional capacity variables also achieved the better results in regard of the biochemical parameters measured (p < 0,05). These differences were also maintained after a gender-based analysis. Moreover, relationships between muscle damage and functional capacity variables were also achieved. [Conclusion]: This study shows the influence of the functional capacity on the biochemical parameters (mostly associated to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases) along with the influence that such variables have on the muscle damage and suggest the needed on the implementation of both aerobic and strength training for elderly.El presente trabajo ha sido financiado por la Junta de Andalucía. Jesús del Pozo-Cruz fue galardonado con una beca predoctoral financiada por el proyecto IMD2010-SC002 del Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte, en nombre de la Junta de Andalucía. pen Access funded by Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de la Junta de Andalucía.Peer Reviewe

University-enterprises: a win-win relationship, from business to research

Teaching at University is always a difficult task because it implies too much theoretical lessons while students ask for practical knowledge and Enterprises claim for good junior professionals. Finding an equilibrium among all the interests is challenging but at the same time, it is the key of success. This work shows the experience of teaching in collaboration with companies to achieve a more practical and attractive approach to day-to-day Engineering work while meeting teaching objectives. It is a win-win relationship since it motivates students because they see the direct relationship between their studies and the future job; it also helps teachers to know the knowledge required by engineering companies and, besides, enterprises will have future engineers better trained, already familiar with process and tools. Furthermore, it also increases the collaborations between University and enterprises, which is key to innovate and develop new business modelsPostprint (published version

High resolution spatial distribution for the hexactinellid sponges Asconema setubalense and Pheronema carpenteri in the Central Cantabrian Sea

In the present work we focus on the distribution of two species of sponges. One of these is Asconema setubalense, a sponge found in rocky substrate that was sampled with a photogrammetric vehicle through georeferenced images. The other is Pheronema carpenteri, which inhabits soft bottoms and was sampled by beam trawl. For the spatial distribution modeling of both sponges, the geomorphological variables of depth, slope, broad and fine scale bathymetric position index (BPI), aspect, and types of bottoms were used, all with a resolution of 32 m. Additionally, layers of silicates and currents near the bottom were extracted from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), with a resolution of 4 and 9 km, respectively. Due to the low resolution of the layers, it was considered necessary to validate their use by model comparison, where those that included these variables turned out to be more explanatory than the others. The models were developed in a complex continental break of the Central Cantabrian Sea, which comprises several submarine canyons and a seamount (Le Danois Bank). On the one hand, a very high resolution (32 m) spatial distribution model based on A. setubalense presence was developed using the MaxEnt maximum entropy model. On the other, depending on the availability of density data, generalized additive models (GAMs) were developed for P. carpenteri distribution, although in this case the sampler only allowed a maximum resolution of almost 1 Km. For the A. setubalense, the variables that best explained their distribution were ground types and depth, and for P. carpenteri, silicates, slope, northness, and eastward seawater velocity. The final model scores obtained were an AUC of 0.98 for the MaxEnt model, and an R squared of 0.87 for the GAM model.Postprin

Understanding the retreat of the Jurassic Cantabrian coast (N. Spain): Comprehensive monitoring and 4D evolution model of the Tazones Lighthouse landslide

[EN] Forecasting coastal dynamics and sea cliff retreat under different sea level rise scenarios requires a good understanding of the conditioning factors and their relative contribution to cliff stability. The so-called Jurassic Cantabrian Coast extends along 76 km of the coastline of the Asturias region (N Spain) and is well-known worldwide due to its paleontological heritage, in particular the presence of dinosaur remains and footprints. The abundance of stratigraphic, paleontological and tectonic studies contrasts with the scarcity of studies focused on the stability of this rocky coastline where cliffs predominate, sometimes exceeding 120 m in height. In fact, evidence of current and recent instability processes can be observed along the entire coastline. In this regard, continuous monitoring is crucial to understand ongoing instabilities in rocky coastlines, as in these settings some instabilities might initiate as slow movements that induce subtle topographic changes whose detection from either satellite or aerial imagery is problematic due to the spatial and temporal resolutions. This contribution presents a 4D evolution model of a key site, the Tazones Lighthouse landslide, located on the Cantabrian Coast of Asturias (N Spain), which affects subvertical rocky cliffs sculpted in the Jurassic bedrock made of alternating sandstone and marl. A high resolution multiapproach methodology was developed in order to understand its structure and kinematic characteristics, including: i) interpretation of aerial photographs and unmanned aerial photogrammetric surveys (UAV); ii) 22 monthly monitoring campaigns by total station; iii) 5 manual boreholes; iv) geomechanical characterization of the cliff bedrock; v) geomorphological evidence mapping; vi) analysis of landscape deformations obtained from UAV; and vii) precipitation, soil moisture and significant wave height (Hs) data analysis. The results show that the slope evolves by means of a complex-type mass movement, which combines translational and sliding mechanisms, and occupies tens of thousands of square meters. DTM and fieldwork analysis indicate that mass movement is mainly controlled by bedrock discontinuities (S0, 360/15-17; J1, 262/85; J2 166/75). The most important accelerations of slope movement correlate very well with rainfall, soil moisture and waves. Thus, the largest displacements occurring in January and October–November 2019, coincide with 2 periods of storms (maximum 24-h rainfall of 64.5 mm and 82.1 mm and maximum Hs of 6.54 and 9.09, respectively) and soil moisture values above 90%. Half of the markers moved more than 1 m and one of them exceeded 15 m. The 4D model obtained after the interpretation of the Tazones Lighthouse slope whole dataset, allows an understanding of how the surrounding cliffs have evolved in the past, fundamental to predicting their future behaviour.SIThis research is part of 1) the “COSINES” Project [CGL2017-83909-R], Call 2017 for RETOS Projects funded by the Spanish Economy, Industry and Competitiveness Ministry-Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Spanish Research Agency-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European Regional Development Found (FEDER) and 2) the GEOCANCOSTA research group, supported by the Asturian Regional Government (Spain) [grant number GRUPIN-IDI-2018-184