Frankly Speaking, the men that is now is only all pallaver and what they can get our of you : Migration and White Slavery in Argentina in Joyce\u27s Eveline

This article analyzes James Joyce’s “Eveline” (1904), looking at the moral panic about “white slavery” in Europe and South America. The article especially focuses on Argentina, the foremost recipient of trafficked women between 1880 and 1930 (and, of course, Joyce’s destination choice for Eveline). By looking at Frank, the sailor who intends to take Eveline to Buenos Aires, this article explores the possible links between Joyce’s story and the sex trafficking industry thriving in Buenos Aires through the Jewish criminal association Zwi Migdal. Frank’s representation allows us to draw this connection because his behavior with Eveline coincides with the seduction and recruiting methods employed by Zwi Migdal procurers. This work adds to Hugh Kenner’s skeptical reading of the sailor and Katherine Mullin’s analysis of Joyce and white slavery discourses by suggesting that, in light of the historical situation in Argentina and Joyce’s hyper-analyzed ambiguities, Frank could be a Zwi Midgal recruiter and Eveline a potential sex slave

On Writing Transnational Migration in On Black Sisters’ Street (2009) and Better Never Than Late (2019): An Interview with Chika Unigwe

This interview with Nigerian writer Chika Unigwe, conducted in early 2020, addresses the ethics and aesthetics of representing sex trafficking and transnational migration in her award-winning novel On Black Sisters’ Street (2009) and her latest short story collection Better Never Than Late, which appeared in the US in 2020. The author discusses the discourse on migration and trafficking in both works, bringing much-needed nuance to the conversation. She pays particular attention to issues of “agency” and “vulnerability”, as well as authenticity, stereotyping, the “white gaze”, the publishing industry, and the recent controversy on Jeanine Cummins’s American Dirt (2020). Drawing from her own personal story, Unigwe also talks in depth about the stylistic choices she made in depicting the immigrant experience in the global north and the difficulty of representing rape and trauma in fiction

The Pedagogies of Sex Trafficking Postcolonial Fiction: Consent, Agency, and Neoliberalism in Chika Unigwe\u27s On Black Sisters\u27 Street

Amnesty International’s 2015-16 push for the decriminalization of sex work sparked yet another international debate on sex trafficking, with the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW), together with a long list of celebrities and iconic feminists such as Gloria Steinem, claiming that such measure will only worsen sex trafficking, among other problems, and myriad pro-sex work feminists vouch-ing exactly the opposite.1 This dispute is by no means new-as of 2018, it remains at an impasse-but, interestingly, while sociologists and women’s studies scholars have been discussing sex trafficking issues for decades now, and despite its intimate relation to postcolonialism and globalization, the topic has gained prominence in postcolonial studies fairly recently. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin’s Postcolonial Studies: The Key Concepts, for example, only in its third edition of 2013 includes for the first time a definition of “trafficking” and provides a few examples of postcolonial fiction dealing with the topic: one of them Chika Unigwe’s On Black Sisters’ Street (2009), the novel this article explores in detail

Lessons from the Culturally Diverse Classroom: Intellectual Challenges and Opportunities of Teaching in the American University

University education in the United States has become an increasingly global environment. In the classrooms of a modern university students and teachers from literally all corners of the world come together and reshape the face of higher education. Without a doubt the multicultural classroom of the 21st century necessitates fresh pedagogical approaches to university instruction that questions both established student and teacher models. This article then ad- dresses intercultural relationships within a multicultural university classroom setting and the resulting changes for the conceptualization of student and teacher roles. While the essay raises interdisciplinary and multicultural issues we wish to encourage international and American readers alike to ponder fresh questions about the transnational learning environment of the modern university and consider how teaching in this ever evolving atmosphere forces us to question ourselves. Finally, this article is guided by the conviction that a culturally diverse classroom, both on the level of pedagogical theory and practice, is the foundation of a successful university education in the 21st century

Gestión de la presión de PLV: estudio de su eficacia en términos de recuerdo y reconocimiento

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es aportar conocimiento para la mejora de la gestión de la publicidad en lugar de venta (PLV). Se ha realizado un experimento en una librería para analizar el efecto publicitario generado por la PLV en términos cognitivos. Utilizando carteles como estímulos publicitarios y como variables dependientes medidas de memoria (recuerdo y reconocimiento), se contrasta la influencia de un conjunto amplio de variables que influyen en la eficacia cognoscitiva de la PLV: la presión publicitaria (superficie ocupada por los carteles), el diseño del cartel (color y mensaje promocional), la notoriedad previa del producto que se comunica, la afinidad del cliente con el producto y la influencia del entorno en cual se ubica la PLV. Las conclusiones aportan una guía para la optimización de la eficacia, en términos de recuerdo y reconocimiento, de las acciones de comunicación en el punto de venta.The main objective of this work is to contribute knowledge for the improvement of the management of point-of-sale advertising (POSA). An experiment was carried out in a library to analyze the advertising effect generated by in-store advertising in cognitive terms. Using posters as advertising stimuli and as dependent variables measures of memory (recall and recognition), we contrast the influence of a broad set of variables that influence the cognitive efficacy of POSA : advertising pressure (area occupied by posters), design of the poster (color and promotional message), the prior notoriety of the product being communicated, the customer's affinity with the product and the influence of the environment in which the POS is located. The conclusions provide a guide for optimizing the effectiveness, in terms of recall and recognition, of the communication actions at the point of sale

Systemic Exosomal Delivery of shRNA Minicircles Prevents Parkinsonian Pathology

The development of new therapies to slow down or halt the progression of Parkinson's disease is a health care priority. A key pathological feature is the presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates, and there is increasing evidence that alpha-synuclein propagation plays a central role in disease progression. Consequently, the downregulation of alpha-synuclein is a potential therapeutic target. As a chronic disease, the ideal treatment will be minimally invasive and effective in the long-term. Knockdown of gene expression has clear potential, and siRNAs specific to alpha-synuclein have been designed; however, the efficacy of siRNA treatment is limited by its short-term efficacy. To combat this, we designed shRNA minicircles (shRNA-MCs), with the potential for prolonged effectiveness, and used RVG-exosomes as the vehicle for specific delivery into the brain. We optimized this system using transgenic mice expressing GFP and demonstrated its ability to downregulate GFP protein expression in the brain for up to 6 weeks. RVG-exosomes were used to deliver anti-alpha-synuclein shRNA-MC therapy to the alpha-synuclein preformed-fibril-induced model of parkinsonism. This therapy decreased alpha-synuclein aggregation, reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons, and improved the clinical symptoms. Our results confirm the therapeutic potential of shRNA-MCs delivered by RVG-exosomes for long-term treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Repurposing Disulfiram as an Antimicrobial Agent in Topical Infections

Antimicrobial drugs applied topically offer several advantages. However, the widespread use of antibiotics has led to increasing antimicrobial resistance. One interesting approach in the drug discovery process is drug repurposing. Disulfiram, which was originally approved as an anti-alcoholism drug, offers an attractive alternative to treat topical multidrug resistance bacteria in skin human infections. This study aimed to evaluate the biopharmaceutical characteristics of the drug and the effects arising from its topical application in detail. Microdilution susceptibility testing showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Dermal absorption revealed no permeation in pig skin. The quantification of the drug retained in pig skin demonstrated concentrations in the stratum corneum and epidermis, enough to treat skin infections. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity and micro-array analyses were performed to better understand the mechanism of action and revealed the importance of the drug as a metal ion chelator. Together, our findings suggest that disulfiram has the potential to be repurposed as an effective antibiotic to treat superficial human skin infections