IMPLEMENTATION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC FLOATING COVER FOR IRRIGATION RESERVOIRS

[EN] The article presents the main features of a floating photovoltaic cover system (FPCS) for water irrigation reservoirs whose purpose is to reduce the evaporation of water while generating electrical power. The system consists of polyethylene floating modules which are able to adapt to varying reservoir water levels by means of tension bars and elastic fasteners. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Redón-Santafé, M.; Ferrer-Gisbert, P.; Sánchez-Romero, F.; Torregrosa Soler, JB.; Ferran Gozalvez, JJ.; Ferrer Gisbert, CM. (2014). IMPLEMENTATION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC FLOATING COVER FOR IRRIGATION RESERVOIRS. Journal of Cleaner Production. 66:568-570. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.006S5685706

Analysis and optimization of subcritical two-stage vapor injection heat pump systems

Two of the major problems of heat pump systems working in extreme conditions are the loss of efficiency of the system and the high compressor discharge temperatures. One possibility in order to overcome these issues is to perform the compression in two stages. In this frame the use of vapor injection two stage cycles represent an economic and effective solution. This study analyzes the influence of design parameters and injection conditions for two different configurations of two stage cycles, for four refrigerants (R407C, R290, R22 and R32). Design parameters, such as the displacement ratio, are optimized in terms of COP in ideal conditions for both injection systems. A deeper analysis taking into account the efficiencies of the compressor is done finding that two stage systems could reach improvements of 30% in terms of COP compared with one stage systems and that a bad design of this type of systems could represent a loss of improvement between 6% and 10%. Finally a method to control the system at any operating point in order to make it works in its optimum is done. From all the analysis, guidelines for the optimum design and control of such systems are obtained in terms of capacity, Coefficient of Performance (COP), seasonal performance factor and discharge temperature criteria.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through the project rsf. DPI 2011-26771-C02-01. The authors are grateful for the given support.Redon Climent, A.; Navarro Peris, E.; Pitarch, M.; Gonzálvez Maciá, J.; Corberán Salvador, JM. (2014). Analysis and optimization of subcritical two-stage vapor injection heat pump systems. Applied Energy. 124:231-240. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.066S23124012

Aquatic pollution may favor the success of the invasive species A. franciscana

The genus Artemia consists of several bisexual and parthenogenetic sibling species. One of them, A. franciscana, originally restricted to the New World, becomes invasive when introduced into ecosystems out of its natural range of distribution. Invasiveness is anthropically favored by the use of cryptobiotic eggs in the aquaculture and pet trade. The mechanisms of out-competition of the autochthonous Artemia by the invader are still poorly understood. Ecological fitness may play a pivotal role, but other underlying biotic and abiotic factors may contribute. Since the presence of toxicants in hypersaline aquatic ecosystems has been documented, our aim here is to study the potential role of an organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos, in a congeneric mechanism of competition between the bisexual A. franciscana (AF), and one of the Old World parthenogenetic siblings, A. parthenogenetica (PD). For this purpose we carried out life table experiments with both species, under different concentrations of the toxicant (0.1, 1 and 5. μg/l), and analyzed the cholinesterase inhibition at different developmental stages. The results evidence that both, AF and PD, showed an elevated tolerance to high ranges of chlorpyrifos, but AF survived better and its fecundity was less affected by the exposure to the pesticide than that of PD. The higher fecundity of AF is a selective advantage in colonization processes leading to its establishment as NIS. Besides, under the potential selective pressure of abiotic factors, such as the presence of toxicants, its higher resistance in terms of survival and biological fitness also indicates out-competitive advantages. © 2015This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation projects (CGL2005-02306 and CGL2008-04737-E) “Biodiversidad de Artemia (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) en el Mediterráneo Occidental, archipiélagos Balear y Canario. Efectos de A. franciscana como especie invasora. Implicaciones ecológicas y de interés en acuicultura” y “Biodiversidad amenazada en salinas mediterráneas”. S. Redón was supported by a Ph.D grant (FPI) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. D. Guinot was supported by BANCAJA contract.Peer Reviewe

Aquatic pollution may favor the success of the invasive species A. franciscana

The genus Artemia consists of several bisexual and parthenogenetic sibling species. One of them, A. franciscana, originally restricted to the New World, becomes invasive when introduced into ecosystems out of its natural range of distribution. Invasiveness is anthropically favored by the use of cryptobiotic eggs in the aquaculture and pet trade. The mechanisms of out-competition of the autochthonous Artemia by the invader are still poorly understood. Ecological fitness may play a pivotal role, but other underlying biotic and abiotic factors may contribute. Since the presence of toxicants in hypersaline aquatic ecosystems has been documented, our aim here is to study the potential role of an organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos, in a congeneric mechanism of competition between the bisexual A. franciscana (AF), and one of the Old World parthenogenetic siblings, A. parthenogenetica (PD). For this purpose we carried out life table experiments with both species, under different concentrations of the toxicant (0.1, 1 and 5 μg/l), and analyzed the cholinesterase inhibition at different developmental stages. The results evidence that both, AF and PD, showed an elevated tolerance to high ranges of chlorpyrifos, but AF survived better and its fecundity was less affected by the exposure to the pesticide than that of PD. The higher fecundity of AF is a selective advantage in colonization processes leading to its establishment as NIS. Besides, under the potential selective pressure of abiotic factors, such as the presence of toxicants, its higher resistance in terms of survival and biological fitness also indicates out-competitive advantages.Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation project, CGL2005-02306, CGL2008-04737-E

Prognostic Value of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Refractory Hypertension : A Prospective Study

The objective of this study was to establish whether ambulatory blood pressure offers a better estimate of cardiovascular risk than does its clinical blood pressure counterpart in refractory hypertension. This prospective study assessed the incidence of cardiovascular events over time during an average follow-up of 49 months (range, 6 to 96). Patients were referred to specialized hypertension clinics (86 essential hypertension patients who had diastolic blood pressure >100 mm Hg during antihypertensive treatment that included three or more antihypertensive drugs, one being a diuretic). Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed at the time of entrance. End-organ damage was monitored yearly, and the incidence of cardiovascular events was recorded. Patients were divided into tertiles of average diastolic blood pressure during activity according to the ABPM, with the lowest tertile 97 mm Hg (HT, n=28). While significant differences in systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressures were observed among groups, no differences were observed at either the beginning or at the time of the last evaluation for office blood pressure. During the last evaluation, a progression in the end-organ damage score was observed for the HT group but not for the two other groups. Twenty-one of the patients had a new cardiovascular event; the incidence of events was significantly lower for the LT group (2.2 per 100 patient-years) than it was for the MT group (9.5 per 100 patient-years) or for the HT group (13.6 per 100 patient-years). The probability of event-free survival was also significantly different when comparing the LT group with the other two groups (LT versus MT log-rank, P<.04; LT versus HT log-rank, P<.006). The HT group was an independent risk factor for the incidence of cardiovascular events (relative risk, 6.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.38 to 28.1, P<.02). Higher values of ambulatory blood pressure result in a worse prognosis in patients with refractory hypertension, supporting the recommendation that ABPM is useful in stratifying the cardiovascular risk in patients with refractory hypertension.Redon Mas, Josep, [email protected]

Evaluation of different heat pump systems for sanitary hot water production using natural refrigerants

[EN] Heat pumps that work with a high degree of subcooling in subcritical systems have shown a significant margin of improvement when working with sanitary hot water applications. Recently, two different approaches to overcome the high degree of subcooling have been presented in the literature: with a subcooler (separate from the condenser) and by making all the subcooling in the condenser. In this paper, a comparative evaluation between both alternatives is presented, and the obtained results are compared with a representative solution already available on the market using natural refrigerants for this application. The results of this analysis have shown that in a system with subcooling in the condenser, it is possible to obtain a COP comparable to that of transcritical CO2 heat pump water heaters. Furthermore, the system with subcooling has been demonstrated experimentally as being capable of producing water up to 90ºC and has shown a COP up to 20% higher than some CO2 commercial products (catalogue data reference).This work has been developed in the Seventh Framework Program of the European Union by the project, Next Generation of Heat Pump Technologies (NEXTGHP), grant agreement 307169. The authors thank the support given. Part of the work presented was carried by Miquel Pitarch-Mocholí with the financial support of a PhD scholarship from the Universitat Politècnica de València. The authors would like also to acknowledge the Spanish ‘MINISTERIO DE ECONOMIA Y COMPETITIVIDAD’, through the project ref-ENE2014-53311-C2-1-P-AR ‘‘Aprovechamiento del calor residual a baja temperatura mediante bombas de calor para la produccion de agua caliente” for the given supportPitarch, M.; Navarro-Peris, E.; Gonzálvez-Maciá, J.; Corberán, JM. (2017). Evaluation of different heat pump systems for sanitary hot water production using natural refrigerants. Applied Energy. 190:911-919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.166S91191919

Mortality and cardiovascular disease burden of uncontrolled diabetes in a registry-based cohort: the ESCARVAL-risk study

BACKGROUND: Despite the epidemiological evidence about the relationship between diabetes, mortality and cardiovascular disease, information about the population impact of uncontrolled diabetes is scarce. We aimed to estimate the attributable risk associated with HbA1c levels for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization. METHODS: Prospective study of subjects with diabetes mellitus using electronic health records from the universal public health system in the Valencian Community, Spain 2008-2012. We included 19,140 men and women aged 30 years or older with diabetes who underwent routine health examinations in primary care. RESULTS: A total of 11,003 (57%) patients had uncontrolled diabetes defined as HbA1c ≥6.5%, and, among those, 5325 participants had HbA1c ≥7.5%. During an average follow-up time of 3.3 years, 499 deaths, 912 hospitalizations for coronary heart disease (CHD) and 786 hospitalizations for stroke were recorded. We observed a linear and increasingly positive dose-response of HbA1c levels and CHD hospitalization. The relative risk for all-cause mortality and CHD and stroke hospitalization comparing patients with and without uncontrolled diabetes was 1.29 (95 CI 1.08,1.55), 1.38 (95 CI 1.20,1.59) and 1.05 (95 CI 0.91, 1.21), respectively. The population attributable risk (PAR) associated with uncontrolled diabetes was 13.6% (95% CI; 4.0-23.9) for all-cause mortality, 17.9% (95% CI; 10.5-25.2) for CHD and 2.7% (95% CI; - 5.5-10.8) for stroke hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: In a large general-practice cohort of patients with diabetes, uncontrolled glucose levels were associated with a substantial mortality and cardiovascular disease burden

Numerical study for the development of flood maps considering the break hypothesis in irrigation reservoirs

[EN] The need to regulate the water volume as a function of irrigation needs, as well as the availability of hydric resources, caused the building of a high number of irrigation reservoir. This research describes the process for the development of floods maps when the break hypothesis is considered in irrigation reservoirs. This process was applied on 14 study cases, using FLDWAV and IBER model. The results showed the difference between the failure forms (piping and overtopping). These differences force to consider the two failure hypotheses in the study. Different criteria of damage were defined through velocity and depth values, which enable to interpret more specific the risk areas. The study contributes to improve the interpretation of this type of situations, helping in the planning and management of these possible emergencies.[ES] La necesidad de regular los volúmenes de agua en función de las necesidades de riego y la disponibilidad de los recursos hídricos ha provocado la construcción de un gran número de balsas de riego. El presente trabajo describe el proceso para el desarrollo de mapas de inundación en caso de rotura, los cuales son obligatorios según la normativa española. Este proceso ha sido aplicado a 14 casos de estudio reales, empleándose los modelos de cálculo FLDWAV e IBER. Los resultados han mostrado que existen diferencias al considerar las distintas formas de rotura: tubificación o sobrevertido, obligando a que ambas sean consideradas. A partir de los valores de calado y velocidad se han definido diferentes criterios de daño, que permiten una interpretación más específica de las zonas inundadas. El estudio realizado contribuye a una mejor interpretación de este tipo de situaciones, así como ayudar en la planificación y gestión de posibles emergencias.Este trabajo se encuentra en el marco del convenio de investigación entre la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia y la Comunidad General de Usuarios del Alto Vinalopó denominado “Realización de documentos PE para balsas de riego”.Los autores agradecen D. José Luis Adalid Elorza (†) su aportación al diseño de elementos de seguridad en balsas de tierra para riego que están contribuyendo eficazmente a la seguridad real de las mismas.Sánchez-Romero, F.; Pérez-Sánchez, M.; Redón-Santafé, M.; Torregrosa Soler, J.; Ferrer Gisbert, C.; Ferrán Gozálvez, J.; Ferrer Gisbert, A.... (2019). Estudio numérico para la elaboración de mapas de inundación considerando la hipótesis de rotura en balsas para riego. Ingeniería del Agua. 23(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2019.8892SWORD118231Abt, S.R., Wittier, R.J., Taylor, A., Love, D.J. 1989. Human Stability in a High Flood Hazard Zone. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 25, 881-890. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05404.xACA, 2003. Recomanacions tècniques per als estudis d'inundabilitat d'àmbit local. Agencia catalana del Agua. Guia Técnica. 106.Adalid, J., Ferrer, C., Torregrosa, J. 2009. Guías para el proyecto, construcción, explotación, mantenimiento, vigilancia y planes de emergencia de las balsas de riego con vistas a la seguridad. Consellería de Medi Ambient, Aigua, Urbanisme i Habitatge https://www.cma.gva.es/comunes_asp/documentos/agenda/Cas/62949-balsas_indices.pdf, Valencia.Anta, J., Bermúdez, M., Cea, L., Suárez, J., Ures, P., Puertas, J. 2015. Modelización de los impactos por DSU en el río Miño (Lugo). Ingeniería del agua, 19(2), 105-116. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2015.3648Areu-Rangel, O.S., González-Cao, J., Crespo, A.J.C., Bonasia, R. 2017. Numerical modelling of hydrological safety assignment in dams with IBER. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-017-0135-2Bladé, E., Cea, L., Corestein, G. 2014a. Modelización numérica de inundaciones fluviales. Ingeniería del agua, 18, 71-82. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2014.3144Bladé, E., Cea, L., Corestein, G., Escolano, E., Puertas, J., Vázquez-Cendón, E., Dolz, J., Coll, A. 2014b. Iber: herramienta de simulación numérica del flujo en ríos. Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería, 30, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rimni.2012.07.004Bladé, E., Cea, L., Corestein, G., Escolano, E., Puertas, J., Vázquez-Cendón, E., Dolz, J., Coll, A. 2014c. Iber: herramienta de simulación numérica del flujo en ríos. Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería 30, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rimni.2012.07.004Bozkus, Z., Kasap, A. 1998. Comparison of physical and numerical dam-break simulations. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 22, 429-444.Bruau García, P., García Navarro, P. 2001. Modelo de simulación bidimensional de transitorios en aguas superficiales: aplicación a roturas de presa. Ingeniería Civil, 33-42.CEDEX. 2011. Mapa de caudales máximos. Memoria técnica. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos del CEDEX.Clausen, L., Clark, P.B. 1990. The development of criteria for predicting dambreak flood damages using modelling of historical dam failures, in: International Conference on River Flood Hydraulics. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Hydraulics Research Limited, Wallingford, England, pp. 369-380.Echeverribar, I., Morales-Hernández, M., Lacasta, A., Brufrau, P., García-Navarro, P. 2017. Simulación numérica con RiverFlow2D de posibles soluciones de mitigación de avenidas en el tramo medio del río Ebro. Ingeniería del agua, 21(1), 53-70. https://doi.org/10.4995/Ia.2017.6550Fread, D.L. 1993. NWS FLDWAV Model: The replacement of DAMBRK for dam-break flood prediction. 10th Annual Conference of the ASDSO 177-184.Fread, D.L. 1998. NWS FLDWAV Model: Theoretical description. Hydrologic Research Laboratory, Office of Hydrology, National Weather Service, NOAA 335.Fread, D.L., Lewis, J.M. 1988. FLDWAV: A generalized flood routing model, in: Proceedings of National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE. Colorado Springs, Colorado, pp. 668-673.Froehlich, D.C. 1995. Peak Outflow from Breached Embankment Dam. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 121, 90-97. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1995)121:1(90)Froehlich, D.C. 2008. Embankment Dam Breach Parameters and Their Uncertainties. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 134, 1708-1721. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:12(1708)Gobierno de España. 1995. Directriz Básica de Planificación de Protección Civil ante el Riesgo de Inundaciones.Gobierno de España. 2008. Real Decreto 9/2008, de 11 de enero, por el que se modifica el Reglamento del Dominio Público Hidráulico, aprobado por el Real Decreto 849/1986, de 11 de abril.González-Aguirre, J.C., Vázquez-Cendón, M.E., Alavez-Ramírez, J. 2016. Simulación numérica de inundaciones en Villahermosa México usando el código IBER. Ingeniería del agua, 20(4), 201-216. https://doi.org/10.4995/Ia.2016.5231González Ortega, J.M. 2010. Reflexiones acerca de la situación actual y la seguridad de las balsas en España., in: X Jornadas de Presas. Valladolid. pp. 1-10.Greimann, B.P. 2004. Comparison between the methods used in MIKE11 2003, FLDWAV 1.0, and HEC-RAS 3.1.1 to compute flows through a dam breach, in: Reclamation., B. of (Ed.). U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, [Denver, Colo.].Heimrich, A. 2009. Analyse comparative de cas de rupture de barrage avec les logiciels NWS FLDWAV et HEC RAS. Université de Sherbrooke.Karvonen, R.A., Hepojoki, H.K., Huhta, H.K., Louhio, A. 2000. The Use Of Physical Models In Dam-Break Flood Analysis, Development of rescue actions based on dam-break flood analysis (RESCDAM). Final report of Helsinki University of Technology 57.Kumar, S., Jaswal, A., Pandey, A., Sharma, N. 2017. Literature Review of Dam Break Studies and Inundation Mapping Using Hydraulic Models and GIS. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2395-56.MacDonald, T.C., Langridge-Monopolis, J. 1984. Breaching Charateristics of Dam Failures. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 110, 567-586. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1984)110:5(567)Martínez-Gomariz, E., Gómez, M., Russo, B. 2016. Estabilidad de personas en flujos de agua. Ingeniería del agua, 20(1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2016.4231Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de España. 1996. Clasificación de presas en Función del Riesgo Potencial - Guía Técnica. MARM, Madrid.Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de España. 2001. Guía técnica para la elaboración de los planes de emergencia de presas 164. MARM, Madrid.Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de España, 2011. Guía metodológica para el desarrollo del Sistema Nacional de Cartografía de Zonas Inundables. MARM, Madrid.Morris, M. 2009. Breaching processes: A state of the art review, T06-06-03. HR Wallingford.Nanía, L.S. 1999. Metodología numérico experimental para el análisis del riesgo asociado a la escorrentía pluvial en una red de calles. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/93707National Weather Service. 2007. Evaluation of Different Hydraulic Models in Support of National Weather Service Operations. Silver Spring, Maryland.Sánchez-Cordero, E., Boix, J., Gómez, M., Bladé, E. 2018. Análisis numérico 3D de una rotura de presa utilizando el método VOF y el modelo de turbulencia LES . Ingeniería del agua, 22(3), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2018.9374Sánchez-Romero, F.J. 2014. Criterios de seguridad en balsas de tierra para riego. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38448Sánchez-Romero, F.J., Pérez-Sánchez, M., López-Jiménez, P.A. 2018. Modelo analítico para el cálculo de distribuciones de velocidad laterales en secciones tipo potencial-ley. Ribagua, 5, 29-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/23863781.2018.1442189Témez, J.R. 1992. Control del desarrollo urbano en las zonas inundables. Monografías del Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos 10, 105-115.Villanueva, I., García-Navarro, P., Zorraquino, V. 1999. Validación experimental de un modelo computacional unidimensional para el cálculo de ondas de avenida. Ingeniería del agua, 6(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1999.2777Wahl, T. 1998. Prediction of Embankment Dam Breach Parameters-A literature review and needs assessment. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Dam Safety.Wahl, T. 2004. Uncertainty of Predictions of Embankment Dam Breach Parameters. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 389-397. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:5(389)Wahl, T.L., Courivaud, J.R., Kahawita, R., Hanson, G.J., Morris, M.W., McClenathan, J.T. 2008. Development of next-generation embankment dam breach models, in: 28th Annual USSD Conference "The Sustainability of Experience - Investing in the Human Factor." pp. 767-779.Wahl, T.L. 2010. Dam breach modeling-an overview of analysis methods, in: Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling.Walder, J.S., O'Connor, J.E. 1997. Methods for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams. Water Resources Research, 33, 2337-2348. https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR01616Wu, W., Altinakar, M.S., Song, C.R., Al-Riffai, M., Bergman, N., Bradford, S.F., Cao, Z., Chen, Q.J., Constantinescu, S.G., Duan, J.G. 2011. Earthen Embankment Breaching. 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Clinical inertia in poorly controlled elderly hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study in Spanish physicians to ascertain reasons for not intensifying treatment

Background Clinical inertia, the failure of physicians to initiate or intensify therapy when indicated, is a major problem in the management of hypertension and may be more prevalent in elderly patients. Overcoming clinical inertia requires understanding its causes and evaluating certain factors, particularly those related to physicians. Objective The objective of our study was to determine the rate of clinical inertia and the physician-reported rea- sons for it. Conclusion Physicians provided reasons for not intensi- fying treatment in poorly controlled patients in only 30 % of instances. Main reasons for not intensifying treatment were borderline BP values, co-morbidity, suspected white coat effect, or perceived difficulty achieving target. nJCI was associated with high borderline BP values and car- diovascular diseas

Durability of reinforced PVC-P geomembranes installed in reservoirs in eastern Spain

[EN] The aim of this paper is to study the durability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC-P) geomembranes reinforced with a synthetic fabric in hydraulic works in the Spanish Mediterranean basin. Therefore, a set of six geomembranes installed in irrigation reservoirs for 18¿31 years were analysed. The initial characteristics of the geomembranes were determined to verify fulfilment of the Spanish regulations in force at the time. The characteristics were then assessed, and the results were interpreted with reference to the loss of plasticisers, tensile characteristics, foldability at low temperatures, dynamic impact resistance, puncture resistance, seam strength, reflected optical microscopy (ROM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the identification of the plasticisers in the geomembranes involved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) tests. For the analysed samples, the loss of plasticisers was significant, ranging from 71.0% to 84.3%. However, the tensile strength results indicated current, regular waterproof working performances in the reservoirs. The results suggest that the durability of PVC-P geomembranes is a function of the loss of plasticisers and the state of the synthetic reinforced fibres.Blanco, M.; Touze-Foltz, N.; Pérez-Sánchez, M.; Redón-Santafé, M.; Sánchez-Romero, F.; Torregrosa Soler, JB.; Zapata Raboso, FA. (2018). Durability of reinforced PVC-P geomembranes installed in reservoirs in eastern Spain. Geosynthetics International. 25(1):85-97. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.17.00035S859725