Möglichkeiten der Dissemination von Fachwissen und Handlungskompetenzen im Bereich Kinderschutz in der Medizin: eine qualitative Erhebung

Objective: The shortage of skilled workers and overloaded schedules make further training of health professionals difficult. In addition, child protection is not a systematic part of medical studies. The evaluation of an online course on child protection in medicine reveals positive feedback but also that the main reason for participants aborting the course is lack of time. Dissemination, as an active, targeted spreading of knowledge, can help to further spread knowledge about child protection in the target group. The aim of this article is to investigate whether and how the contents of the online course can be disseminated by professionals who have completed the online course.Methodology: The data were collected through a quantitative online evaluation and qualitative telephone interviews with doctors who had completed the online course and evaluated it using an interpretive-reductive analysis.Results: The respondents consider the need for further training and dissemination measures on the topic of child protection in medicine to be high. However, lack of time and insufficient relevance of the topic would present obstacles in the implementation of such measures. Meaningfulness and time off work or remuneration would in turn create incentives for implementation. Participants in dissemination measures could be motivated for example by further education points. In addition we were able to identify possible approaches for the implementation of such measures.Conclusion: Various parameters influence the motivation of doctors regarding the implementation/perception of dissemination measures. Based on these, recommendations for action are given for different areas of the health care system, such as supplementing the training curricula and providing ready-made materials for dissemination.Zielsetzung: Fachkräftemangel und zeitliche Überlastung erschweren die Fortbildung von Gesundheitsfachkräften. Kinderschutz ist zudem kein systematischer Bestandteil des Medizinstudiums. Die Evaluation eines Online-Kurses zu Kinderschutz in der Medizin zeigt dessen positive Beurteilung, aber auch, dass der Hauptgrund für den Abbruch der Kursbearbeitung Zeitmangel ist. Dissemination, als aktive zielgerichtete Verbreitung von Wissen, kann helfen, Wissen zu Kinderschutz weiter in der Zielgruppe zu verbreiten. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, zu untersuchen, ob und wie die Inhalte des Online-Kurses von Absolvent_innen disseminiert werden können.Methodik: Die Daten wurden mittels einer quantitativen Online-Evaluation und qualitativer Telefoninterviews mit ärztlichen Absolvent_innen des Online-Kurses erhoben und mit einer interpretativ-reduktiven Analyse ausgewertet.Ergebnisse: Der Bedarf an Fortbildungen und Disseminationsmaßnahmen zum Thema Kinderschutz in der Medizin wird von den Befragten als hoch angesehen. Zeitmangel, eine zu geringe Relevanz des Themas wären allerdings Hürden für die Durchführung solcher Maßnahmen. Die Sinnhaftigkeit, eine Freistellung von der Arbeit oder Entlohnung würde wiederrum Anreize zur Durchführung schaffen. Teilnehmende an Disseminationsmaßnahmen könnten, z.B. durch Fortbildungspunkte, motiviert werden. Des Weiteren konnten Ansätze für die Umsetzung solcher Maßnahmen ermittelt werden.Schlussfolgerung: Verschiedene Parameter beeinflussen die Motivation von Ärzt_innen bzgl. Durchführung/Wahrnehmung von Disseminationsmaßnahmen. Basierend darauf werden Handlungsempfehlungen für verschiedene Bereiche des Gesundheitssystems gegeben, wie z.B. die Ergänzung der Ausbildungscurricula und das Angebot von vorgefertigten Disseminationsmaterialien

The Predictors of Awareness of Sexual Abuse and Sexual Violence in the Media and the Influence on Actions of the Individuals

Introduction: The number of reportings on sexual abuse (SA), sexual violence (SV) cases covered in the media has risen a significant amount with most cases involving women and children. The aim of the study is to explore the questions: Are people aware of sexual abuse and sexual violence in the media? What are the predictors of awareness of sexual abuse and sexual violence? Does the awareness of sexual abuse and sexual violence in the media affect the actions of the individuals? Methods: A representative survey of the German-speaking resident population (2020) on physical and mental well-being was used. The participants (N = 2,503: females = 50.9%) were between the ages of 14 and 97 (M = 49.81). The German version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, The General Habitual Well-Being Questionnaire and questions about own experiences of sexual harassment on the internet, experiences of domestic sexual abuse and different socio-economic variables were used. The outcome variables regarding the awareness of SA and SV in the media, different types of scandals (church, pedophile, USA), #MeToo-debate and the change in actions were used. Frequency analyses and binary regressions were conducted. Results: One thousand five hundred and fifty-five (62.6%) respondents answered yes to being aware of SA and SV in the media. The results show that females, aging, number of children in household, Protestant and Catholic religion, school graduation, own experience(s) of sexual harassment on the internet, own experience(s) of SA in childhood, and Adverse Childhood Experiences have a significant higher association to the awareness of SA and SV in the media. German nationality and Muslim religion have a significant lower association. The variables that most commonly affected the awareness of SA and SV, scandals, debate and the individual actions were age, own experiences of sexual harassment on the internet and the Protestant religion. Conclusion: Advertising more support centers, hotlines and linking this information to sexual abuse cases covered in the media should be considered. Media bystander interventions could be helpful to train people to react appropriately. Further investigation that considers the different types of media and its influence on the awareness of SA and SV is needed

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Unaccompanied Refugee Minors : A Case Series

Background: Unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) are a group who are vulnerable to developing posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, they rarely receive the treatment that is indicated and there are no treatment studies focusing exclusively on this group of adolescents. This case study evaluates the feasibility of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) for URMs with PTSS. Method: A health care utilization sample of N = 6 was assessed prior to and after treatment with TF-CBT. Therapists were asked to report differences in treatment application and content in comparison to TF-CBT standard protocol. Results: We found moderate to high levels of PTSS at baseline and a clinically significant decrease in symptoms at posttest. Some modifications to the TF-CBT protocol were made with regard to affective modulation which required more sessions than usual whereas fewer caregiver sessions were conducted. Conclusion: TF-CBT is feasible in reducing PTSS in severely traumatized URMs. Further research with controlled trials is necessary

The immediate impact of lockdown measures on mental health and couples’ relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a representative population survey in Germany

Background Lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic are expected to have negative effects on mental health and relationship quality. However, little is known about the magnitude of these psychological effects on a population level and for vulnerable subgroups. Methods A representative sample (N = 2503; 50.2% female; mean age = 49.5) of the German population was assessed face-to-face during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 10-April 25, 2020). They were examined for differences in mental health (BSI-18) and relationship quality (PFB) in a pre-lockdown and lockdown subsamples. After testing and establishing the measurement models in confirmatory factor analyses, we added covariates as predictors of the factors to the regression model to investigate the impact of the lockdown measures. Results Overall, participants included after the introduction of lockdown measures reported significantly fewer mental health problems than participants included before the lockdown. Predictor analyses revealed that this effect was larger for participants of younger age and those with higher household income. There was no significant difference in relationship quality between pre-lockdown and lockdown. However, relationship quality improved for younger participants after the lockdown measures started, but deteriorated for older participants. Conclusions The German population was found to be largely resilient to the immediate effects of lockdown on mental health and relationship quality. Older participants and those with lower socio-economic status might constitute risk groups during times of lockdown. Further studies in countries affected by more drastic lockdown measures and the long-term consequences of the pandemic are needed to inform decision makers about the psychological effects of lockdown