Geoheritage sites of mp and chhattisgarh and their preservation and management

Geo heritage sites are very attractive Geologicallocations and have got the same heritage value as other monuments of historical value. The preservation of these sites as monuments of natural history is very important&economical as they are on the verge of extinction due to rampant developmental activities and urbanization. The government has taken various steps to conserve these geological monuments but still much is to be done as these locations are generally isolated and spread in vast areas. Therefore, preservation of these sites has become important to prevent them from deterioration and exploitation. This paper deals with these issues concerning geoheritage sites of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and suggests a possible methodology for conservation and better management of them

A Review of ECG Signal De-noising and Peaks Detection Techniques

The Modern era is marked by tension and, therefore, heart is in trouble. Whole of the world is busy making research in ECG techniques. on Electrocardiogram and its feature extraction is the area of interest.. Analysis and classification let the medical professional to detect the heart ailments and other diseases. In our research method for De-noising of ECG signal and Feature extraction Algorithm is proposed. We considered the baseline wander problem in ECG signal which is basically due to the measurement error. This work involves the IIR filter Savitzky-Golay filter and Wavelet Transform. ECG signal is de-noised without affecting any information from ECG. We have also designed a feature Extraction algorithm which automatically detects the RR interval and QRS interval along with the amplitude of Q, R, and S. The whole algorithm including the de-noising of signal and Feature extraction. This work has been simulated on the MATLab software

Anti-diabetic drugs in the private and public sector in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Objectives: To compare availability, cost, affordability and sources of anti-diabetic drugs between private and public health facilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Design: Cross sectional descriptive study.Setting: Diabetic clinics in private and public health facilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Subjects: Eighty patients randomly selected and 45 health facility personnel staff working in the diabetic clinics. Semi-structured questionnaires and a checklist were used to collect the information. Results: Oral hypoglycaemic agents were available in all seven private and three public facilities that were studied. Private facilities stocked more types of oral hypoglycaemic agents than public facilities, which stocked only chlorpropamide and tolbutamide, based on the National Essential Drugs List. The cost of chlorpropamide was five times higher in private facilities compared to public facilities. Insulin was also available in all the facilities. The price of animal insulin in private health facilities was ten times that in public health facilities. Human insulin, which is generally more expensive than animal insulin, was only available in private facilities. Although prices were much lower in public facilities, affordability emerged as a common issue in both private and public facilities. Conclusions: Urban private health facilities offer a wider choice for the needs of diabetic patients but this advantage is compromised by higher prices as compared to public facilities as well as inconsistent supply across facilities. Public health facilities offer only a limited selection of essential oral hypoglycaemics and insulin but at a lower price and across all facilities. Twenty six per cent and 10% of patients in public and private facilities respectively are unable to afford anti-diabetic drugs. The need for intervention to increase affordability of anti-diabetic drugs is evident. Financing and cost of drugs needs to be addressed, either by means of health insurance or other mechanisms, in this era of increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus among developing countries

Noncommunicable and Communicable Diseases: Finding Common Ground

As the world grapples with unprecedented health challenges, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and now monkeypox, the focus on traditional concerns, like maternal and child health, and relatively newer pandemics, e.g., diabetes and obesity tend to get diluted. This is especially concerning in countries which face a dual challenge of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). In this article, we list the factors that are common to both communicable disease and NCDs, and suggest measures to integrate procedures for their screening, management and prevention

Noncommunicable and Communicable Diseases: Finding Common Ground

As the world grapples with unprecedented health challenges, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and now monkeypox, the focus on traditional concerns, like maternal and child health, and relatively newer pandemics, e.g., diabetes and obesity tend to get diluted. This is especially concerning in countries which face a dual challenge of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). In this article, we list the factors that are common to both communicable disease and NCDs, and suggest measures to integrate procedures for their screening, management and prevention

Anti-Diabetic Drugs In The Private And Public Sector In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Objectives: To compare availability, cost, affordability and sources of anti-diabeticdrugs between private and public health facilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Design: Cross sectional descriptive study.Setting: Diabetic clinics in private and public health facilities in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.Subjects: Eighty patients randomly selected and 45 health facility personnel staffworking in the diabetic clinics. Semi-structured questionnaires and a checklist wereused to collect the information.Results: Oral hypoglycaemic agents were available in all seven private and three publicfacilities that were studied. Private facilities stocked more types of oral hypoglycaemicagents than public facilities, which stocked only chlorpropamide and tolbutamide,based on the National Essential Drugs List. The cost of chlorpropamide was five timeshigher in private facilities compared to public facilities. Insulin was also available inall the facilities. The price of animal insulin in private health facilities was ten timesthat in public health facilities. Human insulin, which is generally more expensive thananimal insulin, was only available in private facilities. Although prices were muchlower in public facilities, affordability emerged as a common issue in both privateand public facilities.Conclusions: Urban private health facilities offer a wider choice for the needs ofdiabetic patients but this advantage is compromised by higher prices as compared topublic facilities as well as inconsistent supply across facilities. Public health facilitiesoffer only a limited selection of essential oral hypoglycaemics and insulin but at alower price and across all facilities. Twenty six per cent and 10% of patients in publicand private facilities respectively are unable to afford anti-diabetic drugs. The needfor intervention to increase affordability of anti-diabetic drugs is evident. Financingand cost of drugs needs to be addressed, either by means of health insurance orother mechanisms, in this era of increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus amongdeveloping countries

Clinical and radiologic features of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma including initial presentation, local recurrence, and metastases

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and imaging features of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) including initial presentation, recurrence, and metastases. Patients and methods. In this institutional review board-approved retrospective study, imaging features of 13 patients with pathologically proven EMC seen from August 1995 to December 2011 were analyzed. The group included 3 women and 10 men and the mean age was 54 years (range 29–73 years). Imaging studies were evaluated by two radiologists in consensus. Location, size, and imaging features of primary tumors were recorded as well as the presence of recurrent disease and location of metastases. Results: Among 13 patients, 3 died during the timeframe of this study. Nine patients had primary tumor in the lower extremity, and average tumor size was 9.3 cm (range 3.3–18 cm). On MRI, primary tumors were hyperintense on T2, isointense to muscle on T1, and demonstrated peripheral/septal enhancement. Three patients had local recurrence and 12 had metastatic disease, with lung involvement being the most common. Tumor density on contrast enhanced CT ranged from 8.2 to 82.9 Hounsfield unit (HU). FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed in 3 patients. One patient had no FDG avid disease and 2 patients had metastatic disease with standard uptake values (SUV) of 2.8 and 7.4. The patient with intense FDG uptake demonstrated more solid appearing tumor burden and had the shortest survival. Conclusions: EMC is a rare tumor that often occurs in the lower extremities and frequently metastasizes to the lungs. Increased tumor density and increased FDG uptake may be related to more aggressive disease

A Qualitative Exploration of the Mental Health and Psychosocial Contexts of HIV-Positive Adolescents in Tanzania

Although 85% of HIV-positive adolescents reside in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the psychosocial and mental health factors affecting their daily well-being. Identifying these contextual variables is key to development of culturally appropriate and effective interventions for this understudied and high-risk population. The purpose of this study was to identify salient psychosocial and mental health challenges confronted by HIV-positive youth in a resource-poor Tanzanian setting. A total of 24 qualitative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of adolescents aged 12–24 receiving outpatient HIV care at a medical center in Moshi, Tanzania. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis. Psychosocial challenges identified included loss of one or more parents, chronic domestic abuse, financial stressors restricting access to medical care and education, and high levels of internalized and community stigma among peers and other social contacts. Over half of youth (56%) reported difficulties coming to terms with their HIV diagnosis and espoused related feelings of self-blame. These findings highlight the urgent need to develop culturally proficient programs aimed at helping adolescents cope with these manifold challenges. Results from this study guided the development of Sauti ya Vijana (The Voice of Youth), a 10-session group mental health intervention designed to address the psychosocial and mental health needs of HIV-positive Tanzanian youth

Nutritional, mineral and organic acid composition of passion fruit (Passiflora species)

This study focused onproximate composition, mineral content and organic acid properties of fruit juices from four Passifloraspecies; Passiflora edulis(Purple), Passiflora edulis(Frederick), Passiflora maliformis, and Passiflora quadrangularis and the mesocarp of Passiflora quadrangularis. The moisture content varied between 84.37±0.63% in P. edulis(Frederick) to 86.63±0.33% in mesocarp of P. quadrangularis. The ash content of mesocarp of P. quadrangulariswas significantly lower (0.51±0.02%) than its juice (1.37±0.14%). Among the Passiflora species, P. edulis(Purple) and P. edulis(Frederick) possessed higher protein, 2.81±0.19% and 2.40±0.11%, respectively. The fiber content in P. quadrangularis mesocarp was significantly higher (8.49±0.40%) than other juices. Passiflorafruits have fat content 80% phosphorus and provides an adequate level of micronutrients especially Ferum content which is 90% of daily recommended allowance of minerals. The major organic acid in Passiflorafruit juice was citric acid and ranged 1137.00±0.13 mg 100 g-1in P. quadrangularisto 1487.30±0.28 mg 100 g-1in P. edulis(Purple). Malic acid was second abundant organic acid with 156.00±0.07 mg 100 g-1in P. edulis(Frederick) to 502.30±0.07 mg 100 g-1in P. quadrangularis. Apart from the common species of Passiflora edulis, other lesser known Passifloraspecies are also gaining visibility in drinks, food and health promoter

H3Africa multi-centre study of the prevalence and environmental and genetic determinants of type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: study protocol.

The burden and aetiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its microvascular complications may be influenced by varying behavioural and lifestyle environments as well as by genetic susceptibility. These aspects of the epidemiology of T2D have not been reliably clarified in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), highlighting the need for context-specific epidemiological studies with the statistical resolution to inform potential preventative and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, as part of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) initiative, we designed a multi-site study comprising case collections and population-based surveys at 11 sites in eight countries across SSA. The goal is to recruit up to 6000 T2D participants and 6000 control participants. We will collect questionnaire data, biophysical measurements and biological samples for chronic disease traits, risk factors and genetic data on all study participants. Through integrating epidemiological and genomic techniques, the study provides a framework for assessing the burden, spectrum and environmental and genetic risk factors for T2D and its complications across SSA. With established mechanisms for fieldwork, data and sample collection and management, data-sharing and consent for re-approaching participants, the study will be a resource for future research studies, including longitudinal studies, prospective case ascertainment of incident disease and interventional studies