Saudi Arabia\u27s use of air power capabilities to secure its national security assets in the northern Persian Gulf arena

Iran represents the primary threat to Saudi Arabia\u27s foreign national security interests. Iranian hostility originates in the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution and also consists of threats to Saudi Arabia\u27s internal security.1 Saudi Arabia\u27s strategy to safeguard its national security assets, including petroleum processing and export facilities vital to the smooth flow of crude oil, relies on an advanced air defense capability to provide early warning of an aircraft or ballistic missile attack. In contrast to the expected outcome of Robert Jervis\u27 theory, a greater quantity of weapons but an overall decreased level of security, Saudi Arabia has increased their foreign security with respect to the Iranian combat aircraft threat to their national security interests in the Persian Gulf. Current developments by the two sides indicates an increasing downwards \u27spiral of hostility\u27 as each side acquires arms to offsets the others\u27 increase in security

AFRICAN MIGRANTS TOWARD INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN MOZAMBIQUE: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF MAPUTO

Migration African scholars have argued that the Migration of Africans is occurring within the continent. That Migrationcan either be intra-regional or inter-regional. South Africa and Northern Africa constitute the core for all Africanimmigration flows; the so-called intra-immigration is made of migration chains such as within the Maghreb region,west, east, and southern Africa. Historically, Mozambique has sent labor to South Africa in plantations and miningfor more than two centuries, while on the other hand, it was seen as a producer of refugees, a Portuguese-speakingcountry, and lower levels of Development indicators. As a consequence, it was a country not desirable to be or tosettle. In the last two decades, the stigma on immigration towards Mozambique is deconstructed because of thebusinesses and jobs opportunities that arose in the country for the boom era of mining, including oil, gas, and coal.The current geography of immigration is made of a multicultural of people from all over the world. A chain of newshops made of construction material, spare car material, barber, boutiques, groceries, and liquor shops are widelyseen in Maputo. Most in containers and owned mainly by African migrants, Chinese, and Mozambicans. Africanmigrants have been portrayed as those who do not add any value to any economy. Instead, they are job stealers.However, the study has demonstrated African’s contribution to economic growth as they give jobs and regularly payrents and taxes. The study is part of MIAG (Migration for Inclusive African Growth) results where interviews andsurveys were used

MUSE observations of a changing-look AGN I: The re-appearance of the broad emission lines

Optical changing-look Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are a class of sources that change type within a short timescale of years or decades. This change is characterised by the appearance or disappearance of broad emission lines, often associated with dramatic AGN continuum flux changes that are orders of magnitude larger than those expected from typical AGN variability. In this work we study for the first time the host galaxy of a changing-look AGN, Mrk 590, using high spatial resolution optical and near-infrared observations. We discover that after ~ 10 yr absence, the optical broad emission lines of Mrk 590 have reappeared. The AGN optical continuum flux however, is still ~ 10 times lower than that observed during the most luminous state in the 1990s. The host galaxy shows a 4.5 kpc radius star-forming ring with knots of ionised and cold molecular gas emission. Extended ionised and warm molecular gas emission are detected in the nucleus, indicating that there is a reservoir of gas as close as 60 pc from the black hole. We observe a nuclear gas spiral between radii r ~ 0.5 - 2 kpc, which has been suggested as a dynamical mechanism able to drive the necessary gas to fuel AGN. We also discover blue-shifted and high velocity dispersion [O III] emission out to a radius of 1 kpc, tracing a nuclear gas outflow. The gas dynamics in Mrk 590 suggest a complex balance between gas inflow and outflow in the nucleus of the galaxy.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Combined Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation on Sea Surface Temperature in the Alborán Sea

We explored the possible effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) on interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the Albora´n Sea, both separately and combined. The probability of observing mean annual SST values higher than average was related to NAO and AO values of the previous year. The effect of NAO on SST was negative, while that of AO was positive. The pure effects of NAO and AO on SST are obscuring each other, due to the positive correlation between them. When decomposing SST, NAO and AO in seasonal values, we found that variation in mean annual SST and mean winter SST was significantly related to the mean autumn NAO of the previous year, while mean summer SST was related to mean autumn AO of the previous year. The one year delay in the effect of the NAO and AO on the SST could be partially related to the amount of accumulated snow, as we found a significant correlation between the total snow in the North Albora´n watershed for a year with the annual average SST of the subsequent year. A positive AO implies a colder atmosphere in the Polar Regions, which could favour occasional cold waves over the Iberian Peninsula which, when coupled with precipitations favoured by a negative NAO, may result in snow precipitation. This snow may be accumulated in the high peaks and melt down in spring-summer of the following year, which consequently increases the runoff of freshwater to the sea, which in turn causes a diminution of sea surface salinity and density, and blocks the local upwelling of colder water, resulting in a higher SST.CGL2009-11316 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain, and FEDER

Signal-to-noise optimization and evaluation of a home-made visible diode-array spectrophotometer

This paper describes a simple low-cost multichannel visible spectrophotometer built with an RL512G EGG-Reticon photodiode array. A symmetric Czerny-Turner optical design was employed; instrument control was via a single-board microcomputer based on the 8085 Intel microprocessor. Spectral intensity data are stored in the single-board's RAM and then transferred to an IBM-AT 3865X compatible microcomputer through a RS-232C interface. This external microcomputer processes the data to recover transmittance, absorbance or relative intensity of the spectra. The signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range were improved by using variable integration times, which increase during the same scan; and by the use of either weighted or unweighted sliding average of consecutive diodes. The instrument is suitable for automatic methods requiring quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength detections, such as multivariative calibration and flow-injection gradient scan techniques

Money Demand: Theory, Evidence, Results

This article critically reviews the economic literature on money demand, stressing empirical results obtained for Chile. The first part of the paper briefly discusses the main analytical approaches to model the demand for money from a historical perspective. Then the role of money is analyzed from the perspective of macroeconomic general-equilibrium theories. This review focuses on five canonical models: money in the utility function, transaction costs, cash in advance, search, and overlapping generations. Finally the paper surveys applied research on money demand, focusing on the empirical counterpart of theoretical models presented in the analytical section (variable selection, specification, and estimation techniques) and the empirical results of 26 studies on money demand in Chile undertaken between 1960 and 2000.

Seasonal Cointegration in Money Demand

Empirical estimates of the demand for money exhibit standard problems: model instability, parameter inconsistency with regard to theoretical priors, and poor forecasting capabilities (Goldfeld and Sichel, 1990). This study explores to what extent an inadequate treatment of seasonality is responsible for the disappointing results obtained in the Chilean case. The empirical approach is to test for the presence of unit roots at different frequencies of money balances and their main determinants (annual, semiannual, and quartely). Once seasonal integration is established, seasonal-cointegration error-correction models allow us to trace long-term relationships between these variables in a more satisfactory way than standard models. The estimated seasonal-cointegration demand for money —which excludes any ad-hoc variable— is stable and robust for 1977-1999 and its forecasting capability is superior to that of traditional models.