Mössbauer spectroscopy study in characterization of steel production dusts

Steel production involves processes and alloys based on iron. Metallurgy is one of the most energy-intensive branches of industry and it also generates a lot of damage. The aim of the research was to recognize magnetic properties, mineral composition, and phase content of dusts from a de-dusting station, steel mill, sinter strand and filter press located in a steel metallurgical foundry in Upper Silesia, the most urbanized, industrialized and also the most polluted region of Poland. The following methods were applied: X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and the Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements

Damage function for historic paper. Part II: Wear and tear

Background: As a result of use of library and archival documents, defined as reading with handling in the context of general access, mechanical degradation (wear and tear) accumulates. In contrast to chemical degradation of paper, the accumulation of wear and tear is less well studied. Previous work explored the threshold of mechanical degradation at which a paper document is no longer considered to be fit for the purpose of use by a reader, while in this paper we explore the rate of accumulation of such damage in the context of object handling. Results: The degree of polymerisation (DP) of historic paper of European origin from mid-19th–mid-20th Century was shown to affect the rate of accumulation of wear and tear. While at DP > 800, this accumulation no longer depends on the number of handlings (the process is random), a wear-out function could be developed for documents with DP between 300 and 800. For objects with DP < 300, one large missing piece (i.e. such that contains text) developed on average with each instance of handling, which is why we propose this DP value as a threshold value for safe handling. Conclusions: The developed model of accumulation of large missing pieces per number of handlings of a document depending on DP, enables us to calculate the time required for an object to become unfit for use by readers in the context of general access. In the context of the average frequency of document use at The UK National Archives (Kew), this period is 60 years for the category of papers with DP 300, and 450 years for papers with DP 500. At higher DP values, this period of time increases beyond the long-term planning horizon of 500 years, leading to the conclusion that for such papers, accumulation of wear and tear is not a significant collection management concern

Correction: Fine tuning of ferromagnet/antiferromagnet interface magnetic anisotropy for field-free switching of antiferromagnetic spins.

Correction for 'Fine tuning of ferromagnet/antiferromagnet interface magnetic anisotropy for field-free switching of antiferromagnetic spins' by M. Ślęzak et al., Nanoscale, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04193a

Computing the effective action with the functional renormalization group

The \u201cexact\u201d or \u201cfunctional\u201d renormalization group equation describes the renormalization group flow of the effective average action \u393 k. The ordinary effective action \u393 0 can be obtained by integrating the flow equation from an ultraviolet scale k= \u39b down to k= 0. We give several examples of such calculations at one-loop, both in renormalizable and in effective field theories. We reproduce the four-point scattering amplitude in the case of a real scalar field theory with quartic potential and in the case of the pion chiral Lagrangian. In the case of gauge theories, we reproduce the vacuum polarization of QED and of Yang\u2013Mills theory. We also compute the two-point functions for scalars and gravitons in the effective field theory of scalar fields minimally coupled to gravity. \ua9 2016, The Author(s)

Concept of Opinion Surveys of External Stakeholders about Study Programme in Spatial Economy as a Part of the Quality of Education Evaluation (on the Example of Pedagogical University of Cracow)

Istotnym elementem procesu oceny i podniesienia jakości kształcenia na każdym kierunku są badania opinii interesariuszy, zarówno wewnętrznych (studentów, nauczycieli akademickich i innych osób zaangażowanych w kształcenie w danej uczelni), jak i zewnętrznych, przede wszystkim absolwentów oraz potencjalnych pracodawców i specjalistów w zakresie problematyki danego kierunku. O ile poznanie opinii osób z pierwszej grupy nie nastręcza wielkich trudności, gdyż zarówno nauczyciele akademiccy, jak i studenci osobiście lub przez reprezentantów uczestniczą w różnych gremiach decyzyjnych (np. radach instytutów czy wydziałów) i opiniotwórczych komisjach, gdzie dyskutowane i zatwierdzane są programy studiów, o tyle badania opinii drugiej grupy są nieco bardziej utrudnione. Co prawda absolwenci – jako niedawni interesariusze wewnętrzni – z reguły czują się związani z uczelnią, w której ukończyli studia, to jednak często kontakt z nimi jest bardzo ograniczony i dotyczy najczęściej tylko części osób z tej grupy. Ponadto specyfika kierunku gospodarka przestrzenna, który jest międzyobszarowym (interdyscyplinarny) powoduje z kolei, że możliwości zatrudnienia absolwentów są bardzo szerokie, co tym samym oznacza, że konieczne jest dotarcie do szerokiego spektrum przedstawicieli rynku pracy. Wymaga to odpowiedniego podejścia do pozyskania od nich opinii na temat programu kształcenia na danym kierunku, szczególnie jeśli nie jest możliwe przeprowadzenie bezpośredniego, pogłębionego wywiadu, a stosuje się metodę kwestionariusza ankiety. Jeden, uniwersalny kwestionariusz może nie odegrać wtedy dobrze swojej roli. Warto przy tym zauważyć, za Piasecką [2015], że nawiązywanie relacji z interesariuszami oraz kształcenie absolwentów spełniających ich oczekiwania, leży nie tylko w interesie danej uczelni czy jednostki prowadzącej studia, ale jest jednym z przejawów odpowiedzialności uczelni wobec społeczeństwa.The article describes the specific features of education in the field of Spatial Economy in the Pedagogical University of Cracow and presented general assumptions of the functioning of the quality of education system in the university. The second part presents proposal surveys of external stakeholders (graduates and potential employers) on the basis of especially developed questionnaires, which can be used in other higher education institutions, after appropriate modifications. In the final sections, the authors make the preliminary verification of the functioning of the study curriculum in the light of these opinions and, relying on internal evaluation, they propose the directions of the following curriculum change

Iron-containing phases in metallurgical and coke dusts as well as in bog iron ore

Several samples of dusts from steel and coke plants (collected mostly with electro filters) were subjected to the investigation of content of mineral phases in their particles. Additionally, sample of bog iron ore and metallurgical slurry was studied. Next, the magnetic susceptibility of all the samples was determined, and investigations of iron-containing phases were performed using transmission Mössbauer spectrometry. The values of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility varied in a wide range: from 59 to above 7000 × 10−8 m3kg−1. The low values are determined for bog iron ore, metallurgical slurry, and coke dusts. The extremely high was obtained for metallurgical dusts. The Mössbauer spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns point to the presence of the following phases containing iron: hematite and oxidized magnetite (in coke and metallurgical dusts as well as metallurgical slurry), traces of magnetite fi ne grains fraction (in metallurgical dusts), amorphous glassy silicates with paramagnetic Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions, traces of pyrrhotite (in coke dusts), α-Fe and nonstoichiometric wüstite (in metallurgical slurry), as well as ferrihydrite nanoparticles (in bog iron ore). For individual samples of metallurgical dusts, the relative contributions of Fe2+/3+ ions in octahedral B sites and Fe2+ ions in tetrahedral A sites in magnetite spinel structure differs considerably