77 research outputs found
Muscle load sharing : An energy-based approach
Helm, F.C.T. van der [Promotor]Veeger, H.E.J. [Copromotor
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Dairy consumption and cardiometabolic diseases: systematic review and updated meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies
Purpose of Review Dairy products contain both beneficial and harmful nutrients in relation to cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we
provide the latest scientific evidence regarding the relationship between dairy products and cardiometabolic diseases by
reviewing the literature and updating meta-analyses of observational studies.
Recent Findings We updated our previous meta-analyses of cohort studies on type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), and
stroke with nine studies and confirmed previous results. Total dairy and low-fat dairy (per 200 g/d) were inversely associated with
a 3–4% lower risk of diabetes. Yogurt was non-linearly inversely associatedwith diabetes (RR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.83–0.90 at 80 g/
d). Total dairy and milk were not associated with CHD (RR~1.0). An increment of 200 g of daily milk intake was associated with
an 8% lower risk of stroke.
Summary The latest scientific evidence confirmed neutral or beneficial associations between dairy products and risk of cardiometabolic
diseases
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Milk and dairy consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
With a growing number of prospective cohort studies, an updated dose-response meta-analysis of milk and dairy products with all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been conducted. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched for articles published up to September 2016. Random-effect meta-analyses with summarised dose-response data were performed for total (high-fat/low-fat) dairy, milk, fermented dairy, cheese and yogurt. Non-linear associations were investigated using the spine models and heterogeneity by subgroup analyses. A total of 29 cohort studies were available for meta-analysis, with 938,465 participants and 93,158 mortality, 28,419 CHD and 25,416 CVD cases. No associations were found for total (high-fat/low-fat) dairy, and milk with the health outcomes of mortality, CHD or CVD. Inverse associations were found between total fermented dairy (included sour milk products, cheese or yogurt; per 20 g/day) with mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99; I2 = 94.4%) and CVD risk (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99; I2 = 87.5%). Further analyses of individual fermented dairy of cheese and yogurt showed cheese to have a 2% lower risk of CVD (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.00; I2 = 82.6%) per 10 g/day, but not yogurt. All of these marginally inverse associations of totally fermented dairy and cheese were attenuated in sensitivity analyses by removing one large Swedish study. This meta-analysis combining data from 29 prospective cohort studies demonstrated neutral associations between dairy products and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. For future studies it is important to investigate in more detail how dairy products can be replaced by other foods
Intramedullary cortical bone strut improves the cyclic stability of osteoporotic proximal humeral fractures
Daily milk consumption and all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies
Formation versus destruction: the evolution of the star cluster population in galaxy mergers
(Abridged) Interacting galaxies are well-known for their high star formation
rates and rich star cluster populations, but the rapidly changing tidal field
can also efficiently destroy clusters. We use numerical simulations of merging
disc galaxies to investigate which mechanism dominates. The simulations include
a model for the formation and dynamical disruption of the entire star cluster
population. We find that the dynamical heating of clusters by tidal shocks is
about an order of magnitude higher in interacting galaxies than in isolated
galaxies. This is driven by the increased gas density, and is sufficient to
destroy star clusters at a higher rate than new clusters are formed: the total
number of clusters in the merger remnant is 2-50% of the amount in the
progenitor discs, with low-mass clusters being disrupted preferentially. By
adopting observationally motivated selection criteria, we find that the
observed surplus of star clusters in nearby merging galaxies is caused by the
bias to detect young, massive clusters. We provide a general expression for the
survival fraction of clusters, which increases with the gas depletion
time-scale. Due to the preferential disruption of low-mass clusters, the mass
distribution of the surviving star clusters in a merger remnant develops a peak
at a mass of about 10^3 Msun, which evolves to higher masses at a rate of
0.3-0.4 dex per Gyr. The peak mass initially depends weakly on the
galactocentric radius, but this correlation disappears as the system ages. We
discuss the similarities between the cluster populations of the simulated
merger remnants and (young) globular cluster systems. Our results suggest that
the combination of cluster formation and destruction should be widespread in
the dense star-forming environments at high redshifts, which could provide a
natural origin to present-day globular cluster systems.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRAS. A
movie of the full time sequence in Figure 1 can be found at
http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~diederik/1m11clusters.htm
Combined feedforward and feedback control of a redundant, nonlinear, dynamic musculoskeletal system
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