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Evaluating the Impact of Charter Schools on Student Achievement: A Longitudinal Look at the Great Lakes States
This study looks at student achievement in math and reading in charter and traditional public schools over a five-year period in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The primary finding is that student achievement in charter schools in these six states is lower than in traditional public schools. The study also finds, however, that student achievement in charter schools is improving over time
Reversal and Termination of Current-Induced Domain Wall Motion via Magnonic Spin-Transfer Torque
We investigate the domain wall dynamics of a ferromagnetic wire under the
combined influence of a spin-polarized current and magnonic spin-transfer
torque generated by an external field, taking also into account Rashba
spin-orbit coupling interactions. It is demonstrated that current-induced
motion of the domain wall may be completely reversed in an oscillatory fashion
by applying a magnonic spin-transfer torque as long as the spin-wave velocity
is sufficiently high. Moreover, we show that the motion of the domain wall may
be fully terminated by means of the generation of spin-waves, suggesting the
possibility to pin the domain-walls to predetermined locations. We also discuss
how strong spin-orbit interactions modify these results.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Lagrange-Fedosov Nonholonomic Manifolds
We outline an unified approach to geometrization of Lagrange mechanics,
Finsler geometry and geometric methods of constructing exact solutions with
generic off-diagonal terms and nonholonomic variables in gravity theories. Such
geometries with induced almost symplectic structure are modelled on
nonholonomic manifolds provided with nonintegrable distributions defining
nonlinear connections. We introduce the concept of Lagrange-Fedosov spaces and
Fedosov nonholonomic manifolds provided with almost symplectic connection
adapted to the nonlinear connection structure.
We investigate the main properties of generalized Fedosov nonholonomic
manifolds and analyze exact solutions defining almost symplectic Einstein
spaces.Comment: latex2e, v3, published variant, with new S.V. affiliatio
Phenomenology of chiral damping in noncentrosymmetric magnets
A phenomenology of magnetic chiral damping is proposed in the context of
magnetic materials lacking inversion symmetry breaking. We show that the
magnetic damping tensor adopts a general form that accounts for a component
linear in magnetization gradient in the form of Lifshitz invariants. We propose
different microscopic mechanisms that can produce such a damping in
ferromagnetic metals, among which spin pumping in the presence of anomalous
Hall effect and an effective "-" Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya antisymmetric
exchange. The implication of this chiral damping in terms of domain wall motion
is investigated in the flow and creep regimes. These predictions have major
importance in the context of field- and current-driven texture motion in
noncentrosymmetric (ferro-, ferri-, antiferro-)magnets, not limited to metals.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Random-Field Blume-Capel Model: Mean-Field Theory
The global phase diagram of the Blume-Capel model in a random field obeying the bimodal symmetric distribution is determined by using the mean-field method. The phase diagram includes an isolated ordered critical end point and two lines of tricritical points. A new phase emerges for strong enough random fields: the ferromagnetic-nonmagnetic phase. It is argued that such a phase occurs in three dimensions
Extended Defects in the Potts-Percolation Model of a Solid: Renormalization Group and Monte Carlo Analysis
We extend the model of a 2 solid to include a line of defects. Neighboring
atoms on the defect line are connected by ?springs? of different strength and
different cohesive energy with respect to the rest of the system. Using the
Migdal-Kadanoff renormalization group we show that the elastic energy is an
irrelevant field at the bulk critical point. For zero elastic energy this model
reduces to the Potts model. By using Monte Carlo simulations of the 3- and
4-state Potts model on a square lattice with a line of defects, we confirm the
renormalization-group prediction that for a defect interaction larger than the
bulk interaction the order parameter of the defect line changes discontinuously
while the defect energy varies continuously as a function of temperature at the
bulk critical temperature.Comment: 13 figures, 17 page
Cayley-Tree Ising Model with Antiferromagnetic Nearest-Neighbor and Ferromagnetic Equivalent-Neighbor Interactions
The phase diagram of the Ising model with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions and ferromagnetic equivalent-neighbor interactions on the Cayley tree is determined exactly. A nonuniversal critical line separates the disordered and the ordered phases. A line of first-order transitions separating ferromagnetic order from antiferromagnetic order ends in the midst of the ordered phase at a classical ordered critical point. For a small range of values of the ratio of the two couplings, two transitions occur as the temperature is varied. In this case the uniform magnetization is not a monotonic function of the temperature
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