Wideband Planar Plate Monopole Antenna

Non

Nondestructive examination of recovery stage during annealing of a cold-rolled low-carbon steel using eddy current testing technique

The recovery process in steel is usually investigated by conventional destructive tests that are expensive, time-consuming and also cumbersome. In this study, an alternative non-destructive test technique (based on eddy current testing) is used to characterise the recovery process during annealing of cold-rolled low-carbon steels. For assessing the reliability of eddy current results corresponding to different levels of recovery, X-ray line broadening analysis is also employed. It is shown that there is a strong relationship between eddy current outputs and the extent to which recovery occurs at different annealing temperatures. Accordingly, the non-destructive eddy current test technique represents the potential to be used as a reliable process for detection of the occurrence of recovery in the steel microstructure

Carbon Nanotubes-Chitosan-Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nano-Carriers Synthesis for Nanomedicine Application

Carbon nanotube-natural biopolymer nanovectors have important potential applications in delivery system for drugs and biomolecules. In this work, the use of multi-wall CNTs as nanoreserviors for drug loading and controlled release is demonstrated .We synthesized CNT-based Drug delivery systems; MWCNT-CS nanoparticles based on an ionotropic gelation method as a sustained-release systems for the delivery of Tenofovir (hydrophilic anti-retroviral drug). Molecularly imprinted polymer used as shell for encapsulating the synthesized polymer to reduce the toxicity of CNT and improved theit application in Drug Delivery System. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. TGA was applied to study the thermal stabilities, and SEM to investi-gate the morphology. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3521

Dynamic lot sizing with multiple suppliers, backlogging and quantity discounts

This paper studies the dynamic lot sizing problem with supplier selection, backlogging and quantity discounts. Two known discount types are considered separately, incremental and all-units quantity discounts. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations are presented for each case and solved using a commercial optimization software. In order to timely solve the problem, a recursive formulation and its efficient implementation are introduced for each case which result in an optimal and a near optimal solution for incremental and all-units quantity discount cases, respectively. Finally, the execution times of the MILP models and forward dynamic programming models obtained from the recursive formulations are presented and compared. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the dynamic programming models, as they can solve even large-sized instances quite timely. © 201

3D printed nanofiltration composite membranes with reduced concentration polarisation

3D printed nanofiltration (NF) composite membranes with surface patterns minimising the impact of concentration polarisation (CP) are presented here for the first time. The membranes consist of a NF polydopamine‐coated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF/PDA) selective layer on a 3D printed asymmetric wavy (patterned) support. The result is a wavy composite membrane with pure water permeance of 14 ± 2 LMH bar−1 and molecular weight cut-off of ∼550 Da, measured using a crossflow NF setup at a transmembrane pressure of 2 bar for Reynold number (Re) of 700, using a range of dyes (mass balance &gt;97% for all tests). The CP behaviour of the composite membranes was assessed by filtration of Congo red (CR) dye solution (0.01 g L−1), showing that the wavy pattern significantly reduced the impact of CP compared to the flat membranes, with a nearly tripling of the mass transfer coefficient and a 57% decline of the CP factor. Computational fluid dynamics showed that these significant performance improvements were due to improved hydrodynamics, with the maximum surface shear stress induced by the wavy structure (1.35 Pa) an order of magnitude higher than that of the flat membranes (0.18 Pa) at Re = 700. These results demonstrate that 3D printing is a viable technology route to reducing concentration polarisation in membrane nanofiltration applications.</p

Hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) / siloxene nanofiltration membranes

This dataset contains all the data used in the manuscript "HYDROPHOBIC POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) / SILOXENE NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES". The dataset includes: - All materials characterisation data necessary to fully characterise the membranes produced. - Individual data files for pure water permeance and dye and salt rejection tests, inclusive of mass balances. - Calibration data. The dataset integrates the quantitative information already provided in the manuscript and the online supplementary information.Materials Characterisation: The nanosheet morphology with elemental mapping was investigated by high-resolution TEM (JEM-2100Plus, JEOL) with EDS detector (X-Max detector, Oxford Instruments) and SAED was also obtained. The average thickness of the nanosheets was measured by AFM (Asylum Research Jupiter XR, Oxford Instruments). FTIR analysis was performed on siloxene-embedded KBr pellets using a Frontier FTIR spectrometer (Perkin Elmer) and Raman spectra were recorded with a RM1000 Raman Microscope (Renishaw) at 532 nm. XRD (D8-Advance PXRD, Bruker) with Cu Kα1 radiation source was operated at 40 kV and 40 mA (0.015° step size) to examine the crystallinity and phase of the siloxene powders. XPS was performed using a K-alpha+ spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with survey scans recorded at 150 eV (1 eV step size) and high-resolution scans at 40 eV (0.1 eV step size). Hydrophilicity of the membranes was assessed using water contact angle goniometer (OCA15, Date Physics) in sessile mode at room temperature. 1 μL droplets of water were used and the values reported are the average of ten measurements at different positions. The surface zeta potential of each membrane sample was measured using a Zetasizer Nano (ZS, Malvern Instruments Ltd.) with the surface ζ accessory at neutral pH = 7.0. A tracer solution was prepared by adding a low concentration of polystyrene in 10 mM NaCl solution. Each sample was measured at least three times and the reported values were the average of the measurements. The surface roughness of the membrane samples was assessed by AFM (AFM Multimode IIIA, Bruker) in tapping mode over scan areas of 5 × 5 μm2. ATR-FTIR (Frontier, Perkin Elmer) was employed to characterize the chemical bonds on the membrane surface. The spectra were collected in the wavenumber range of 4000 to 600 cm-1 by accumulating 10 scans at a resolution of 4 cm-1. The distributions of siloxene on membrane surfaces were investigated by Raman mapping (RM1000 with inVia system, Renishaw) at 532 nm [25]. Areas of 100 × 100 μm2 were scanned on each membrane sample with the line mapping technique. XRD (D8-Advance PXRD, Bruker) with Cu Kα1 radiation source (1.5406 Å) was operated at 40 kV and 40 mA (0.015° step size) to examine the compactness of the PVSi membrane samples. The obtained spectra were analyzed using CrystalDiffract software (CrystalMaker Software Ltd, UK). 2 theta values are reported in Table 3 with 4 significant figures for ease of readability, whereas the original values have 6. The melting behavior of each membrane sample was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q20, TA Instruments). The samples were heated from room temperature (⁓ 20 °C) to 220 °C with a ramping rate of 10 °C min-1. The percentage crystallinity of PVDF in each sample was determined by crystallinity (%)=(ΔH_m)/(∆H_m^0 )×100% (1) where ΔHm is the enthalpy associated with membrane melting and ΔH0m is the theoretical melting enthalpy of 100% crystalline PVDF, which is 104.7 J g-1. The reported data were the average of three measurements taking from the same membrane sample. The dynamic mechanical properties of the membrane samples were analyzed using dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis (DMA1, Mettler Toledo) in auto-tension mode. The samples were cut into 20 × 5 mm2 strips. The sample strips were heated from – 80 °C to 145 °C with ramping rate of 3 °C min-1 in air. The data recorded were the average of three measurements. Membrane performance: Pure water and hexane permeation tests were conducted using a dead-end filtration cell (Sterlitech Corporation) connected with a 5 L feed tank. The operating pressure was fixed at 2 bar with compressed air. All the samples were compacted for 3 h prior to sample collection. The permeance, K (L m-1 h-1 bar-1), of the membrane was calculated by using Equation 2: K= V/∆t∆pA (2) where K is the permeance, V is the permeate volume, A is the effective membrane area (i.e., 14.6 cm2), Δt is the time for permeate collection and Δp is the operating pressure (i.e., 2 bar). After the pure water or solvent test, the membrane sample was transferred into a cross-flow cell for the rejection tests of different dyes and salts. The concentrations of all the dye feed solutions were 0.01 g L-1, whereas the concentrations of salt solutions were 1 g L-1 except for NaCl, which was 2 g L-1. The concentrations of dyes and salts in the feed, permeate and retentate solutions were measured by UV-visible spectrophotometer (Cary 100, Agilent) and conductivity meter (Thermo Fisher), respectively. The rejection of the tracer was calculated using Equation 3: R=(1-C_p/C_f )×100% (3) where R is the rejection, Cp and Cf are the tracer concentrations in the permeate and feed solutions, respectively. The mass balance for each rejection test was also calculated according to mass balance (%)=(C_p V_p+C_r V_r)/(C_f V_f )×100% (4) where Cr is the tracer concentration in the retentate solution, Vp, Vr and Vf are the volume of permeate, retentate and feed solutions, respectively. For all the filtration/separation tests, at least three samples were tested for each membrane and the average value was recorded

Causes of Death Accompanying by Soft Tissue Neck Hemorrhage

Background: Generally, soft tissue hemorrhages in anterior part of the neck are attributed to the neck compression or trauma and suspicion goes more to homicidal death than suicide. Although artificial posterior neck hemorrhages are described as Prinsloo-Gordon phenomenon in cadavers with posterior lividity, studies conducted on such hemorrhages in the anterior and lateral compartments are rare. This study intends to investigate causes of death accompanied by soft tissue neck hemorrhages in different compartments of neck. Method: In this retrospective case series, between March 2008 and 2009, cadavers whose autopsies indicated soft tissue neck hemorrhages and the lividity was dominant in posterior, were evaluated according to the cause of death and anatomical and histological locations of hemorrhage. Results: Among 86 cases of neck hemorrhage, 72.1% (n=62) were male. Direct neck trauma, hanging, strangulation, chocking and positional asphyxia constituted 50% (n=43) of them, 40.7% (n=35) were non-asphyxial, non-traumatic deaths such as natural diseases, drug and CO poisoning, electrocution and drowning, and 9.3% (n=8) were unknown. 65.1% (n=28) of non-traumatic, non-asphyxial cases bore anterior or lateral neck hemorrhages. Conclusion: The considerable prevalence of soft neck tissue hemorrhages in non asphyxial deaths with no history of neck trauma and the location of such hemorrhages in anterior and lateral sides of neck, lead the investigators to pay more attention to interpret these hemorrhages and determining the mode and cause of death

Pool boiling heat transfer to CuO-H2O nanofluid on finned surfaces

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd In the present research, the general aim is to understand further the potential effect of the surface shape and geometrical specification of rectangular parallel fins developed on the surface on the heat transfer coefficient, bubble formation, and fouling of the nanoparticles. To achieve this, the boiling thermal performance of the copper oxide nano-suspension (NS) was quantified on the modified surfaces with different geometrical specifications, including the width and height of the fins and space between fins. Results showed that the designed fins reduce the rate of the fouling of the nanoparticles on the boiling surface such that the best thermal performance was achieved for the surface modified with the fins with more towering height and smaller width. Also, the fouling thermal resistance was found to follow an asymptotic behaviour while developing three regions of inception, growth, and equilibrium. During the inception of fouling, negative values were measured for the fouling thermal resistance, which was attributed to the enhancement in the specific surface area and thermal performance of the system. Overall, the presence of the fins improved the thermal performance of the system in comparison with the plain surface

NEW CLUSTERING SCHEMES FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

In this paper, two clustering algorithms are proposed. In the first one, we investigate a clustering protocol for single hop wireless sensor networks that employs a competitive scheme for cluster head selection. The proposed algorithm is named EECS-M that is a modified version to the well known protocol EECS where some of the nodes become volunteers to be cluster heads with an equal probability.  In the competition phase in contrast to EECS using a fixed competition range for any volunteer node, we assign a variable competition range to it that is related to its distance to base station. The volunteer nodes compete in their competition ranges and every one with more residual energy would become cluster head. In the second one, we develop a clustering protocol for single hop wireless sensor networks. In the proposed algorithm some of the nodes become volunteers to be cluster heads. We develop a time based competitive clustering algorithm that the advertising time is based on the volunteer node’s residual energy. We assign to every volunteer node a competition range that may be fixed or variable as a function of distance to BS. The volunteer nodes compete in their competition ranges and every one with more energy would become cluster head. In both proposed algorithms, our objective is to balance the energy consumption of the cluster heads all over the network. Simulation results show the more balanced energy consumption and longer lifetime