Efecto de la temperatura del suelo durante el periodo de llenado de la semilla sobre la relación oleico/linoleico, tocoferoles y contenido de azúcares en el grano de maní

The relationship of chemical quality of peanut seed with the soil temperature (ST) has received little attention. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of ST in the seed growth environment, during the seed filling period, on the oleic/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio, alpha, beta, gamma, delta tocopherols and the sum of them (TT), fructose, glucose and sucrose and the sum of them (FGS), contents in peanut kernels. Field experiments included cultivars (Florman and ASEM), water regimes (irrigated and water stress), sowing dates and alteration of ST. The response of O/L ratio to ST fitted a linear model, where the O/L ratio increased while ST increased. Mean O/L ratios were 1.31 for ASEM and 1.20 for Florman. The TT mean concentration was similar for both genotypes (478 ppm). A positive association between α-tocopherol (the main source of vitamin E) and ST, and a negative association between δ and α tocopherols were detected. The responses of FGS and sucrose to ST fitted linear models, where increments in ST showed decreases in FGS and sucrose concentrations. However, the decrease rates of FGS and sucrose in ASEM were three times lower than in Florman. The results showed that ST affected the chemical composition of peanut kernels, which mainly determines the shelf life and flavor of both genotypes differentially.La relación entre la composición química de los granos de maní con la temperatura del suelo (ST) ha recibido poca atención. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los efectos de la temperatura del suelo en la zona de crecimiento de la vaina, durante el período de llenado de grano, sobre la relación oleico/linoleico (O/L), alpha, beta, gamma, delta tocoferoles y la suma de estos (TT), fructosa, glucosa y sacarosa y la suma de estas (FGS), contenidos en el grano de maní. Los experimentos incluyeron cultivares (Florman y ASEM), regímenes hídricos (riego y estrés hídrico), fechas de siembra y variaciones de ST. La respuesta de la relación O/L a ST se ajustó a un modelo lineal, donde aumentos de la temperatura del suelo implicaron incrementos de la relación O/L. La proporción media de O/L fue 1.31 para ASEM y 1.20 para Florman. La concentración de TT fue similar entre genotipos (478 ppm). Se observaron asociaciones positivas entre el contenido de α-tocoferol y negativas entre los contenidos de δ y α tocoferoles respecto del ST. Las relaciones entre FGS y sacarosa con la ST ajustaron a modelos lineales, donde incrementos de la ST implicaron disminuciones en las concentraciones de FGS y sacarosa. Sin embargo, las tasas de disminución de FGS y sacarosa en ASEM fueron tres veces menor que en Florman. Los resultados evidenciaron que la ST afectó la composición química del grano de maní que determina principalmente su vida útil y el sabor, diferencialmente en ambos genotipos

Physical activity and smoking habit in adolescent students

El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar en qué medida afecta la actividad física y el hábito tabáquico en estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria. Se estudiaron 168 adolescentes no fumadores y fumadores recién iniciados. Se midieron peso, talla, presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca, actividad física, fuerza, flexibilidad y resistencia y una prueba espirométrica. Tanto en chicas y chicos fumadores, se evidenciaron peores resultados en la mayoría de los parámetros espirométricos (FEV1, FEF25-75%, FVC) y un envejecimiento prematuro del pulmón, más acentuado en chicas. La actividad físico-deportiva moderada se asocia a adolescentes que menos fuman y tienen más facilidad para abandonar el hábito tabáquicoThe aim of the study was to detect how physical education and smoking habits affect secondary school students, 168 non smokers and newly initiated were studied. Weight, height, heart rate, blood pressure, physical activity, strength, flexibility and endurance, and spirometric tests were analyzed. In both, female and male smokers, obtained worse results in the mayority of spirometric parameters (FEV1, FEF25-75%, FVC) and premature lung ageing, more pointed in females. Moderate physical-sporting activity is associated to adolescents who smoke less and quit smoking more easil

Eficiencia técnica en el sector oleícola. Un nuevo método con factores ambientales

En este trabajo analizamos la eficiencia considerando variables de entorno en el ámbito del sector oleícola de Andalucía. Se implementa un nuevo método con dos variables, como una ampliación del planteado en una publicación anterior por Dios-Palomares et al. Posteriormente se investiga sobre los posibles factores que influyen en la eficiencia con el fin de establecer perfiles y plantear estrategias de mejora. La eficiencia media encontrada es del 57%, siendo la pura del 70% y la de escala del 84%. En cuanto a la determinación de perfiles asociados con el nivel de eficiencia, podemos concluir que no se ha encontrado relación entre los niveles de eficiencia y las variables socioeconómicas como edad, antigüedad, y tecnologías de Internet. Sin embargo, son más eficientes las almazaras que se asocian para comercializar, así como las que realizan doble extracción y las que están situadas fuera del casco urbano.Eficiencia, Variables ambientales, almazaras

Longitudinal study of functional flexibility in olfer physically active

Un importante componente de la condición física es la flexibilidad, particularmente para las personas mayores que suelen sufrir un deterioro de la misma con los años. Con el objetivo de conocer como la flexibilidad evoluciona a lo largo del tiempo en un grupo de personas mayores físicamente activas, este estudio longitudinal ha evaluado 54 sujetos mayores de 65 años (17 hombres y 37 mujeres), que participaban con regularidad en clases de mantenimiento físico global realizadas dos veces a la semana en sesiones de 60 minutos. Para la medición de la flexibilidad fueron aplicados los tests chair sit and reach y back scratch, en cuatro momentos distintos en un periodo total de 12 meses. Los resultados muestran la evolución positiva de la flexibilidad de las zonas testadas en el grupo de mayores practicantes de actividad física al final de un año. Se concluye que para los participantes previamente activos del estudio la flexibilidad fue mantenida con el tiempo e inclusive mejorada en el periodo total propuesto al conservarse un estilo de vida activo a través de la práctica regular de actividad física de mantenimiento global de la condición físicaFlexibility is an important component of physical fitness, particularly in elderly people whose flexibility tend to deteriorate with the passing of time. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to determine how flexibility of older adults’ change over time. The control group consisted of 54 physically active adults (17 men and 37 women) all of which were 65 years and older. These adults participated in a 60 minute global fitness course, led by a trained instructor, twice a week. During the 12 month study, the subjects’ flexibility was measured at four different times through chair sit and reach and back scratch tests. The results show that the subjects who took part in this yearlong study, experienced positive results in flexibility in the areas tested. The results concluded that the subjects in the study that were previously engaged in regularly physical activity maintained and in some cases, improved flexibility through regular global fitness activit

Social functioning in schizophrenia: what is the influence of gender?

Background and Objectives: To examine the influence of gender on social functioning in patients with schizophreni Methods: A sample of 318 schizophrenic (216 men and 102 women) (DSM-IV criteria) outpatients from four Spanish centres were administered the following instruments: Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Disability Assessment Scale (DAS-sv), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale. A regression model was created with DAS and GAF as dependent variables, and gender, and other predictor variables as independent variables. Separate regression models were then generated for females and males. Results: Women had a better social functioning than men, and after adjusting for others predictor variables gender was a significant predictor specially for occupational functioning. In gender specific analyses, we found that the predictive variables for social functioning have more similarities than differences between men and women. Conclusions: In our sample, women showed a better social functioning than men specially in occupational functioning.Supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RETICS RD06/0011 (REM-TAP Network), Grant FIS 97/1298 - FIS 97/1275, Thematic network RIRAG G03/061, and RedIAPP network RD06/0018/0039

Deep learning for agricultural land use classification from Sentinel-2

[ES] En el campo de la teledetección se ha producido recientemente un incremento del uso de técnicas de aprendizaje profundo (deep learning). Estos algoritmos se utilizan con éxito principalmente en la estimación de parámetros y en la clasificación de imágenes. Sin embargo, se han realizado pocos esfuerzos encaminados a su comprensión, lo que lleva a ejecutarlos como si fueran “cajas negras”. Este trabajo pretende evaluar el rendimiento y acercarnos al entendimiento de un algoritmo de aprendizaje profundo, basado en una red recurrente bidireccional de memoria corta a largo plazo (2-BiLSTM), a través de un ejemplo de clasificación de usos de suelo agrícola de la Comunidad Valenciana dentro del marco de trabajo de la política agraria común (PAC) a partir de series temporales de imágenes Sentinel-2. En concreto, se ha comparado con otros algoritmos como los árboles de decisión (DT), los k-vecinos más cercanos (k-NN), redes neuronales (NN), máquinas de soporte vectorial (SVM) y bosques aleatorios (RF) para evaluar su precisión. Se comprueba que su precisión (98,6% de acierto global) es superior a la del resto en todos los casos. Por otra parte, se ha indagado cómo actúa el clasificador en función del tiempo y de los predictores utilizados. Este análisis pone de manifiesto que, sobre el área de estudio, la información espectral y espacial derivada de las bandas del rojo e infrarrojo cercano, y las imágenes correspondientes a las fechas del período de verano, son la fuente de información más relevante utilizada por la red en la clasificación. Estos resultados abren la puerta a nuevos estudios en el ámbito de la explicabilidad de los resultados proporcionados por los algoritmos de aprendizaje profundo en aplicaciones de teledetección.[EN] The use of deep learning techniques for remote sensing applications has recently increased. These algorithms have proven to be successful in estimation of parameters and classification of images. However, little effort has been made to make them understandable, leading to their implementation as “black boxes”. This work aims to evaluate the performance and clarify the operation of a deep learning algorithm, based on a bi-directional recurrent network of long short-term memory (2-BiLSTM). The land use classification in the Valencian Community based on Sentinel-2 image time series in the framework of the common agricultural policy (CAP) is used as an example. It is verified that the accuracy of the deep learning techniques is superior (98.6 % overall success) to that other algorithms such as decision trees (DT), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), neural networks (NN), support vector machines (SVM) and random forests (RF). The performance of the classifier has been studied as a function of time and of the predictors used. It is concluded that, in the study area, the most relevant information used by the network in the classification are the images corresponding to summer and the spectral and spatial information derived from the red and near infrared bands. 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Evolution of the competence in water of the aquatic lifeguards.

In 2006, the current regulation on lifesaving training in the autonomous region of Madrid (Spain) came into force. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge on the effect of the application of this regulation on the percentage of candidates who obtain a lifeguard certificate and on their water competence level. To this purpose, the time records achieved by 6,105 lifeguard candidates (4,288 men and 1,817 women) who received this training between 1993 and 2016 were analysed. The results showed that the percentage of candidates who have obtained a lifeguard certificate since the regulation came into force has increased, while their water competence level has decreased. Therefore, it is recommended that competent bodies establish aims and evaluati on criteria that contribute to increasing the water competence level of these professionals.En el año 2006 entró en vigor la normativa que actualmente regula la formación de socorristas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (España). El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la influencia de la aplicación de esta normativa sobre el porcentaje de aspirantes que obtiene el diploma de socorrista acuático y sobre su nivel de competencia en el agua. Para ello, se han analizado las marcas de tiempo acreditadas por 6.105 aspirantes a socorrista (4.288 hombres y 1.817 mujeres) que se formaron entre el año 1993 y 2016. Los resultados demuestran que, desde la entrada en vigor de dicha normativa, se ha incrementado el porcentaje de aspirantes que obtiene el diploma de socorrista acuático, pero se ha disminuido su nivel de competencia en el agua. Se recomienda que las instituciones competentes establezcan objetivos y criterios de evaluación que promuevan la mejora del nivel de competencia en el agua de estos profesionale

Capability assessment of the SEVIRI/MSG GPP product for the detection of areas affected by water stress

[ES] Se presenta el nuevo producto de producción primaria bruta (GPP) de EUMETSAT derivado a partir de datos del satélite geoestacionario SEVIRI/MSG (MGPP LSA-411) y se evalúa su potencial para detectar zonas afectadas por estrés hídrico (hot spots). El producto GPP se basa en la aproximación de Monteith, que modela la GPP de la vegetación como el producto de la radiación fotosintéticamente activa (PAR) incidente, la fracción de PAR absorbida (fAPAR) y un factor de eficiencia de uso de la radiación (ε). El potencial del producto MGPP para detectar hot spots se evalúa, utilizando un periodo corto de tres años, a escala local y regional, comparando con datos in situ derivados de medidas en torres eddy covariance (EC) y con datos GPP derivados de satélite (producto de 8 días MOD17A2H.v6 a 500 m y producto de 10 días GDMP a 1 km). Los resultados preliminares sobre el uso del producto MGPP en la evaluación de la respuesta del ecosistema a posibles eventos de déficit de agua ponen de manifiesto que este producto, calculado íntegramente a partir de datos MSG (EUMETSAT), ofrece una alternativa prometedora para detectar y caracterizar zonas afectadas por sequía a través de la incorporación de un coeficiente de estrés hídrico.[EN] This study aims to introduce a completely new and recently launched 10-day GPP product based on data from the geostationary MSG satellite (MGPP LSA-411) and to assess its capability to detect areas affected by water stress (hot spots). The GPP product is based on Monteith’s concept, which models GPP as the product of the incoming photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the fractional absorption of that flux (fAPAR) and a lightuse efficiency factor (ε). Preliminary results on the use of the MGPP product in the assessment of ecosystem response to rainfall deficit events are presented in this work for a short period of three years. The robustness of this product is evaluated at both site and regional scales across the MSG disk using eddy covariance (EC) GPP measurements and Earth Observing (EO)-based GPP products, respectively. The EO-based products belong to the 8-day MOD17A2H v6 at 500 m and the 10-day GDMP at 1 km. The results reveal the MGPP product, derived entirely from MSG (EUMETSAT) products, as an efficient alternative to detect and characterize areas under water scarcity by means of a coefficient of water stress.Trabajo financiado por los proyectos LSA SAF (EUMETSAT) y ESCENARIOS (CGL2012–35831). Agradecemos a los responsables de las torres EC la cesión de los datos de GPP.Martínez, B.; Sánchez-Ruiz, S.; Campos-Taberner, M.; García-Haro, FJ.; Gilabert, MA. (2020). 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Effect of an early neurocognitive rehabilitation on autonomic nervous system in critically ill patients

Introduction Recent clinical and electrophysiological studies reveal a high incidence of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dys- function in patients treated in ICU [1]. ANS disturbances may produce diverse and unexpected consequences. For instance, critically ill patients are at risk of neurocognitive impairments that may persist after hospital discharge. Among various pathophysiological mechanisms proposed, ANS dysfunction leading cholinergic deficiency seems one of the most viable to explain the development of long-term sequelae. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been related to the activity of the prefrontal cortex [2] hence, prefrontal activation could help to strengthen the auto- nomic nervous system integrity. We are interested in assessing the improvement of the ANS dysfunction through neural circuits’ activation. Thus, we propose a novel therapy that could allow the reinforcing of ANS through an early neurocognitive intervention targeted to improve prefrontal activation. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore if the integrity of the ANS, via cardiac vagal tone, measured by the HRV can be modified after early neurocognitive rehabilitation in ICU patients. Methods A total of 17 critically ill patients received a 20-minute Early Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (ENR) session in their own bed in the ICU. HRV was derived from the recorded ECG signal during pre-session, session and post-session. Power in the specific frequency bands related to sympathetic and parasympathetic systems was computed (PLF and PHF for low and high frequency bands, respectively). PLF was computed within the clas- sic band, while PHF was computed within a band cen- tered at respiratory rate. Changes in the HRV parameters from pre-session to session, and from pre- session to post-session were studied using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Clinical data of the sample are summarized in table 1. Comparing with baseline values, 9 patients (53%) showed a decreased PLF in post-session, while 8 patients (47%) presented a higher PLF (p = .759). In 12 patients (71%), PHF increased after the ENR session, suggesting an increase of parasympathetic activity (p = .836). Conclusions Diagnosis, severity of illness or medication could explain the differential effect in the evolution of the HRV para- meters among different patients. Despite differences, an early neurocognitive rehabilitation seems to increase parasympathetic activity after the session in the majority of the patients. Clinical characteristics of the critical ill patients should be further studied to determinate which patients could be the best candidates for early neurocog- nitive intervention