MICELLAR ENHANCED SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE FOR THE ASSAY OF SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL TABLETS

Objective: To develop a sensitive, fast and selective method for the determination of sumatriptan succinate (SUM) in pharmaceutical samples. Methods: The method is based on measuring the synchronous fluorescence of SUM using ∆λ of (120 nm) and at a wavelength of excitation and emission of 230 and 325 nm respectively, using Agilent Technology, Cary eclipse, G9800AA model Luminescence spectrometer. Effect of variables on fluorescence emission intensities was studied such as solvent, surfactant, and pH. The proposed method was validated in term of linearity, limit of detection as per the international conference on harmonization guidelines ICH Q2 (R1). Results: The linearity of the method was obtained with a wide range of (50-150) ng/ml with a high value of correlation coefficient value of (0.992). Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 16.3 and 49.5 ng/ml respectively, the mean recovery was found to be 99.1% with low relative standard deviation (% RSD). The method was also compared statistically with the reference method using t-test and f-test, the results show no difference either in pure or pharmaceutical tablets. Conclusion: The obtained results revealed that the developed method can be applied successfully for the determination of SUM in drug formulations samples with good accuracy and precision

Comparison Of Dt& Gbdt Algorithms For Predictive Modeling Of Currency Exchange Rates

Recently, many uses of artificial intelligence have appeared in the commercial field. Artificial intelligence allows computers to analyze very large amounts of information and data, reach logical conclusions on many important topics, and make difficult decisions, this will help consumers and businesses make better decisions to improve their lives, and it will also help startups and small companies achieve great long-term success. Currency exchange rates are important matters for both governments, companies, banks and consumers. The decision tree is one of the most widely artificial intelligence tools used in data mining. With the development of this field the decision tree and Gradient boosting decision tree are used to predicate through constructed intelligent predictive system based on it. These algorithms have been used in many stock market forecasting systems based on global market data. The Iraqi dinar exchange rates for the US dollar are affected in local markets, depending on the exchange rate of the Central Bank of Iraq and the features of that auction. The proposed system is used to predict the dollar exchange rates in the Iraq markets Depending on the daily auction data of the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI). The decision tree and Gradient boosting decision tree was trained and testing using dataset of three-year issued by the CBI and compare the performance of both algorithms and find the correlation between the data. (Runtime, accuracy and correlation) criteria are adopted to select the best methods. In system, the characteristic of artificial intelligence have been integrated with the characteristic of data mining to solve problems facing organization to use available data for decision making and multi-source data linking, to provide a unified and integrated view of organization data

PENGARUH KOMBINASI PUPUK KANDANG AYAM DAN NITROGEN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG PADA SISTEM BUDIDAYA JENUH AIR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis yang tepat pada kombinasi pupuk kandang ayam dan nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung pada sistem budidaya jenuh air. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kalimas Kecamatan Sungai Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya yang dimulai pada tanggal 02 Agustus – 17 Oktober 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Variabel pengamatan terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, panjang daun, jumlah daun, volume akar, berat kering akar, berat kering tanaman, bobot tongkol berkelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol dan baris biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dan nitrogen pada tanaman jagung memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada semua variabel pengamatan  kecuali pada variabel pengamatan jumlah baris biji. Hasil penelitian yang berpengaruh nyata menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang diberikan pupuk kandang ayam memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan yang tidak diberikan pupuk kandang ayam. Pemberian 7,5 dan 15 ton/ha pupuk kandang ayam yang ditambahkan pupuk urea maupun tidak, memberikan hasil yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pupuk urea tanpa pemberian pupuk kandang ayam

Development and validation of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for determination of cilnidipine

Purpose: To develop simple and reliable quantitative methods for the determination of cilnidipine (CLD) in pharmaceutical tablets.Methods: Two simple and sensitive methods (spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric) were developed for the determination of cilnidipine (CLD) in pure form and in a pharmaceutical preparation. Spectrophotometric method (A) is based on oxidation of CLD with a known excess amount of Nbromosuccinamide (NBS) in acidic medium, followed by addition of methyl orange indicator and absorbance measurement at 510 nm. The spectrofluorimetric method (B) is based on oxidation of CLD to cerium (IV), followed by measurement of fluorescence emission of Ce (III) at 350 nm. Factors that affect the performance of the two methods were studied and optimized.Results: The spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric procedures were successfully used for measuring CLD levels in pharmaceutical dosage form, in the ranges of 2.0 - 25.0 and 0.25 - 11.2 μg/mL, at detection limits of 1.05 and 0.13 μg/mL, respectively. There were no significant differences between the proposed methods and a standard reference method (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The developed methods provide simple and reliable procedures for quantitative measurement of CLD in bulk and tablet forms. Keywords: Cilnidipine, Oxidation, Spectrophotometric, Spectrofluorimetric, Drug formulatio

Vezana stanja elektrona i šupljine u valjkastoj kvantnoj točki

The ground-state energies of an electron and of a hole in a finite-potential quantum dot disc of GaAs are calculated. Solving the Schrödinger equation for the two particles separately, we calculated the first two excited states for each one. To study the effect of the disc dimensionality on the eigen-energies, we considered different discs with different values of radius (R) and width (L). Discussing the potential effect, we examined the eigen-value behaviour at different values of the barrier heights. The corresponding wave functions are obtained.Izračunali smo energije osnovnih stanja elektrona i šupljine u konačnom potencijalu valjkaste kvantne točke u GaAs. Rješavanjem Schrodingerove jednadžbe posebno za svaku od čestica, izračunali smo prvo i dva viša stanja za svaku česticu. Radi proučavanja učinka veličine valjka na svojstvene energije, razmatrali smo valjke različitih polumjera i duljine. Razmatrali smo utjecaj potencijala ispitivanjem ovisnosti svojstvenih vrijednosti za tri vrijednosti visine barijere. Izveli smo odgovarajuće valne funkcije

Analysis of Surface Wave Attenuation in Mangrove Forests

This paper presents an analytical study on surface wave attenuation in mangrove forest using analytical model developed by Massel et.al. (1999). The energy dissipation in the frequency domain is determined by treating the mangrove forest as a random media with certain characteristics using the geometry of mangrove trunks and their locations. Initial nonlinear governing equations are linearized using the concept of minimalization in the stochastic sense and interactions between mangrove trunks and roots have been introduced through the modification of the drag coefficients. To see the effectiveness of the mangrove forest in attenuating wave energy the analytical model was applied to two types of mangrove forest i.e. Rhizophora and Ceriops forests. The resulting rate of wave energy attenuation depends strongly on the density of the mangrove forest, and on diameter of mangrove roots and trunks. More effective wave energy attenuation is shown by Rhizophora

Effect of Trazodone on Upper Airway Resistance in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a known risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing. While device-based therapies such as CPAP are beneficial in these individuals, adherence to these treatments is often low; consequently, pharmacotherapies for sleep-disordered breathing in patients with SCI are in high demand. Trazodone is an atypical antidepressant with a complex mechanism of action, including alpha adrenergic agonist activity and inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Serotonin (5-HT) is a known modulator of respiratory circuitry, which has been shown to influence the ventilatory drive. Trazodone is commonly prescribed as a sleep aid, but its impact on breathing during sleep is still unclear. Methods: We randomized 9 participants with chronic spinal cord injury and sleep-disordered breathing to receive either placebo or trazodone 100 mg for seven days. On day 7, participants underwent polysomnography with a supraglottic pressure catheter to determine upper airway pressure. Participants then underwent a 1-week washout period before crossing over to the other medication and repeating the same protocol. Parameters of interest included apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), obstructive apnea index (OAI), central apnea index (CAI), oxyhemoglobin desaturation index (ODI), and upper airway resistance (RUA). Results: 7 participants completed polysomnography on both medications, 5 of which had adequate data to calculate RUA. Trazodone did not result in significant improvement in AHI (47.86±24.27 on placebo vs 28.73±28.79 on trazodone, p=0.10), OAI (9.29±9.48 vs 2.86±3.39, p=0.13), CAI (1.14±1.46 vs 1.71±3.30, p=0.52), ODI (25.00±28.39 vs 19.44±33.61, p=0.34), or RUA (2.47±0.92 vs 8.98±11.02, p=0.23). Conclusion: Based on our preliminary data in a small number of subjects, trazodone is not effective in treating sleep-disordered breathing in individuals with spinal cord injury. Due to the limited sample size, our data may not accurately represent the clinical utility of trazodone, and further study in a larger number of patients is warranted