Tail autotomy effects on the escape behavior of the lizard Gonatodes albogularis (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae), from Córdoba, Colombia

Background: Caudal autotomy appears to be an adaptation strategy to reduce the risk of being preyed upon. In an encounter with a predator, the prey must reduce the risk of being preyed upon, and one of the strategies that has exerted a strong pressure on selection has been tail loss. In lizards, it has been demonstrated that tail loss reduces the probability of survival in the event of a second attack; therefore, they must resort to new escape strategies to reduce the risk of falling prey. In order to evaluate the effect of tail loss on the escape behavior of Gonatodes albogularis in natural conditions, we took samples from a forest interior population. We expected that individuals that had not lost their tails would allow the predator to get closer than those that had lost it. For each sample, we recorded the following: (1) escape behavior, measured through three distances (e.g., approach distance, escape distance, and final distance); (2) distance to shelter; and (3) length of tail. We included only males in the study since we did not record any females without a tail and far fewer with a regenerated tail. Results: We found that tail loss does have an effect on the escape behavior of G. albogularis. Males that have their tails intact allow the predator to come closer, and we found a negative correlation between the approach distance and the length of the tail. Conclusion: Our results support the escape behavior theory, in which G. albogularis males drop their tails when the risk of predation is much higher than the cost of fleeing.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Rectificación a la primera cita de Flebotomos (Diptera, Psychodidae) en la Península Ibérica

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Revisión de la colección Nájera de Flebotomos (Diptera, Psychodidae) depositada en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid

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Percepciones de profesores y estudiantes sobre las tic. Un estudio de caso

El trabajo presenta los resultados de un proyecto de investigación desarrollado en el C.E.I.P. Vicente Espinel de Ronda (Málaga), para conocer el impacto de las TIC en dicho Centro, analizándose las percepciones de los profesores a través de la entrevista por un lado y las opiniones de los estudiantes de 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria mediante el cuestionario, por otro. La metodología, aporta conclusiones de actualidad relevantes del uso de las TIC.

Die wirkung der Mikrohabitat-Temperatur auf das fluchtverhalten des tagaktiven Geckos Gonatodes albogularis (duMéril & bribon, 1836) (Squamata: Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae)

The present study examined the effect of microhabitat air temperature on the escape behavior of Gonatodes albogularis (Duméril & Bribon, 1836) in a tropical dry forest relict of Colombia, south america. results showed negative correlation between both microhabitat air temperature and distance between lizards and predators at the moment in which escape is triggered and between temperature and distance of lizards to the closest shelter.Die vorliegende arbeit untersuchte die wirkung der lufttemperatur auf das fluchtverhalten von Gonatodes albogularis (Duméril & Bribon, 1836) in einem tropischen Trockenwald-relikt kolumbiens. die ergebnisse zeigten negative korrelationen zwischen der Mikrohabitat-lufttemperatur und dem abstand zwischen echse und beutegreifer zum Zeitpunkt, zu dem die flucht ausgelöst wird sowie zwischen der Mikrohabitat-lufttemperatur und dem abstand der echse zum nächstgelegenen unterschlupf zum Zeitpunkt ihrer erstbeobachtung.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Tail autotomy effects on the escape behavior of the lizard Gonatodes albogularis (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae), from Córdoba, Colombia

Background: Caudal autotomy appears to be an adaptation strategy to reduce the risk of being preyed upon. In an encounter with a predator, the prey must reduce the risk of being preyed upon, and one of the strategies that has exerted a strong pressure on selection has been tail loss. In lizards, it has been demonstrated that tail loss reduces the probability of survival in the event of a second attack; therefore, they must resort to new escape strategies to reduce the risk of falling prey. In order to evaluate the effect of tail loss on the escape behavior of Gonatodes albogularis in natural conditions, we took samples from a forest interior population. We expected that individuals that had not lost their tails would allow the predator to get closer than those that had lost it. For each sample, we recorded the following: (1) escape behavior, measured through three distances (e.g., approach distance, escape distance, and final distance); (2) distance to shelter; and (3) length of tail. We included only males in the study since we did not record any females without a tail and far fewer with a regenerated tail. Results: We found that tail loss does have an effect on the escape behavior of G. albogularis. Males that have their tails intact allow the predator to come closer, and we found a negative correlation between the approach distance and the length of the tail. Conclusion: Our results support the escape behavior theory, in which G. albogularis males drop their tails when the risk of predation is much higher than the cost of fleeing.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Hacia un diagnóstico diferencial temprano en el trastorno del espectro autista y el síndrome de X frágil. Una revisión sistemática

Introduction. Nearly 60% of those diagnosed with fragile X syndrome show comorbidity with autism. Thus, there are similarities and differences between both conditions that lead to very different clinical manifestations. However, an early differential diagnosis may help professionals to detect deficits and enhance strengths to apply the best suitable intervention. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the relation and the differences between autism and fragile X syndrome to orientate diagnosis and intervention. Materials and methods. The research for articles was carried out in PsycInfo, Medline, SCOPUS and Web of Science, including scientific articles published from 2010 to 2020 and children aged 0-6 years. The scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR criteria. Results. 22 studies were selected. Results were reviewed in terms of structural and morphological changes and cognitive, communicative, social-emotional and sensory-motor skills. Conclusions. Different growing cerebral patterns are observed in both conditions. Besides, there are early signs from the different developmental areas studied that show comorbidity or allow early differentiation. However, attentional function or repetitive mannerisms, among others, need further research.Introducción. Aproximadamente el 60% de las personas con síndrome de X frágil también reciben un diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista. Entre estos trastornos existen tantas semejanzas como diferencias, que provocan cuadros clínicos distintos, por lo que es importante el diagnóstico diferencial temprano, de cara a conocer los déficits y fortalezas de cada niño y ajustar el tipo de intervención lo mejor posible. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una aproximación al conocimiento de la relación y las diferencias de ambas condiciones, y contribuir al diagnóstico diferencial y la posterior intervención. Materiales y métodos. Siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA-ScR, se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos de PsycInfo, Medline, SCOPUS y Web of Science, incluyendo los artículos científicos empíricos centrados en la etapa de los 0 a los 6 años desde 2010 a 2020. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 22 estudios en los que se trata el desarrollo inicial de estos dos trastornos y su confluencia. Los resultados se reagruparon en función de cambios morfológico-estructurales, y de las áreas cognitivas, comunicativas, socioemocionales y sensoriomotoras. Conclusiones. A nivel morfológico-estructural, parecen existir ciertos patrones de crecimiento cerebral diferenciadores entre estos trastornos. Asimismo, existen ciertas señales de alarma en las distintas áreas del desarrollo que son indicativas de comorbilidad o permiten la discriminación entre patologías, y existe cierto debate en torno a algunas de ellas, como el nivel atencional o los manierismos repetitivos