Oxygen consumption in the mullet Liza macrolepis with special reference to swimming velocity

Oxygen consumption of tagged (plastic opercular tag) and untagged mullet L/z~ macrolepis (SMrrK), forced to swim up to 22 cm/sec (fish size: t0 era), increased proportionately to increase in swimming velocity above 5 era/see. The tag did not appear to cause any marked metabolic disturbance. The mean routine metabolic rate and the rate at 5 cm/sec were higher than the rates obtained for several higher levels of forced activity, possibly due to excitement and inefficient swimming at lower swimming speeds, as suggested by earlier workers. The interpretation of the elevation of a line drawn through the mean rates of metabolism at various swimming speeds, in relation to the standard metabolic rate, may be of value in quantitative expression of excitability of individual species

Low lethal temperatures of the fishes Liza Macrolepis (Smith) and Tilapia Mossambica Peters

Fry and Associates have made notable contributions in the field of temperature tolerance and resistance of fishes. While the high lethal levels of temperature of the group have been much explored there is more to be known about, their low temperature deaths

Physiological Studies in Relation to Fisheries

Studies on the physiological mechanisms and responses of fishes, which are closely linked with their ecology, have a significant role to play in fisheries development inasmuch as optimum survival of fishes is desirable and planned both in the capture and culture fisheries. While knowledge of the influence of various environmental factors on fishes are of direct value in formulating improved methods of fish culture, information on those responses of fishes which lead to their concentrations in fishable waters are of immense use in evolving more efficient methods of capture. Even though fish and prawn culture in India have existed for centuries the empirical knowledge gained so far can be perfected, j as pointed out elsewhere, only by acquiring a fuller understanding of the physiology of the I animals concerned

Observations on the Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger canagurta (Cuvier) from the trawl catches along the Bombay coast

Referring to the distribution of the Indian mackerel, Panikkar and Jayaraman (1956) mention that there is a distinct and unmistakable gap in the distribution of the major fisheries to the north of Ratnagiri and that north of this place shoals of mackerel are not known, but the species is widely distributed having been found in the Persian Gulf and the Bay of Bengal and stray specimens have also been taken in the trawls operated off Kathiawar. That the mackerel met with in the offshore catches are of importance is known from the statement that "a full picture of the distribution will depend on the location of the spawning grounds and the discovery whether there is any deep sea mackerel existing in offshore regions of the coast" (Panikkar, 1949). Mackerel in small numbers have been recorded on many occasions from the catches of the trawlers fishing along the Bombay coast. In one instance a dense shoal of mackerel was also encountered while the vessel M.F.V. 'Jheenga' was trawling about 32 kilometres off Bombay at depth of 35 metres, when about half a ton of mackerel was caught in a single haul. An attempt is made here to summarise the observations made on the catches of mackerel from trawlers working along the Bombay coast. The common occurrence of mackerel, though usually in small numbers, in the trawl catches prompts one to infer that the fish may at least occasionally move to the deeper waters

The Range Safety Debris Catalog Analysis in Preparation for the Pad Abort One Flight Test

The Pad Abort One flight test of the Orion Abort Flight Test Program is currently under development with the goal of demonstrating the capability of the Launch Abort System. In the event of a launch failure, this system will propel the Crew Exploration Vehicle to safety. An essential component of this flight test is range safety, which ensures the security of range assets and personnel. A debris catalog analysis was done as part of a range safety data package delivered to the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico where the test will be conducted. The analysis discusses the consequences of an overpressurization of the Abort Motor. The resulting structural failure was assumed to create a debris field of vehicle fragments that could potentially pose a hazard to the range. A statistical model was used to assemble the debris catalog of potential propellant fragments. Then, a thermodynamic, energy balance model was applied to the system in order to determine the imparted velocity to these propellant fragments. This analysis was conducted at four points along the flight trajectory to better understand the failure consequences over the entire flight. The methods used to perform this analysis are outlined in detail and the corresponding results are presented and discussed

Influence of Phlogopite on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of a Porcelain

This research was conducted in order to obtain the optimum composition of phlogopite and sintering temperature of phlogopite in order to get the robust structure of porcelain. Clay, feldspar, quartz, and phlogopite were first sieved, mixed and compacted. Then, the samples were sintered at 1000°C to 1300°C. It is observed that the properties of the porcelain are highly depend on the composition of phlogopite and the sintering temperature of porcelain. Results showed that 10 wt% of phlogopite was the optimum composition and 1200°C was the optimum sintering temperature. The microstructure of the samples were analyzed by using two microscopes and it was evidenced that the pore in the samples were smaller and the structure are denser thus lead to a dense porcelain structure and improves the physical and mechanical properties of the porcelain

A note on the biology of the ‘Koth’, Otolithoides brunneus (Day)

While the importance of the ' Koth' as a trawl fishery of considerable importance in the Bombay Coast has been shown by Jayaraman et al. (1956) and Rao (1967), accounts on the biology of the species are lacking except for some observations on the scales and otoliths for age determination by Kutty (1961) and a few notes included in the studies on its fishery, cited above. With a view to a fuller understanding of the biology of the ' Koth' investigations on this fish occurring along the Bombay coast were made during the years 1958-1961, a summary of the results of which is presented in the present note

Comparison of Five Advanced Oxidation Processes for Degradation of Pesticide in Aqueous Solution

The study compared the technical efficiency and economic cost of five advanced oxidation processes (Fenton, UV photo-Fenton, solar photo-Fenton, UV/TiO2/H2O2 and FeGAC/H2O2) for degradation of the pesticides chlorpyrifos cypermethrin and chlorothalonil in aqueous solution. The highest degradation in terms of COD and TOC removals and improvement of the biodegradability (BOD5/COD ratio) index (BI) were observed to be (i) Fenton - 69.03% (COD), 55.61% (TOC), and 0.35 (BI); (ii) UV photo-Fenton -78.56% (COD), 63.76% (TOC) and 0.38 (BI);  (iii) solar photo-Fenton - 74.19% (COD), 58.32% (TOC) and 0.36 (BI); (iv) UV/TiO2/H2O2 - 53.62% (COD), 21.54% (TOC), and 0.26 (BI); and  (v) the most technical efficient and cost effective process was FeGAC/H2O2. At an optimum condition (FeGAC 5 g/L, H2O2 100 mg/L, and reaction time of 60 min at pH 3), the COD and TOC removal efficiency were 96.19 and 85.60%, respectively, and the biodegradation index was 0.40. The degradation rate constant and cost were 0.0246 min-1 and $0.74/kg TOC, respectively. The FeGAC/H2O2 process is the most technically efficient and cost effective for pretreatment of the pesticide wastewater before biological treatment.

Comparison of Five Advanced Oxidation Processes for Degradation of Pesticide in Aqueous Solution

The study compared the technical efficiency and economic cost of five advanced oxidation processes (Fenton, UV photo-Fenton, solar photo-Fenton, UV/TiO2/H2O2 and FeGAC/H2O2) for degradation of the pesticides chlorpyrifos cypermethrin and chlorothalonil in aqueous solution. The highest degradation in terms of COD and TOC removals and improvement of the biodegradability (BOD5/COD ratio) index (BI) were observed to be (i) Fenton - 69.03% (COD), 55.61% (TOC), and 0.35 (BI); (ii) UV photo-Fenton -78.56% (COD), 63.76% (TOC) and 0.38 (BI);  (iii) solar photo-Fenton - 74.19% (COD), 58.32% (TOC) and 0.36 (BI); (iv) UV/TiO2/H2O2 - 53.62% (COD), 21.54% (TOC), and 0.26 (BI); and  (v) the most technical efficient and cost effective process was FeGAC/H2O2. At an optimum condition (FeGAC 5 g/L, H2O2 100 mg/L, and reaction time of 60 min at pH 3), the COD and TOC removal efficiency were 96.19 and 85.60%, respectively, and the biodegradation index was 0.40. The degradation rate constant and cost were 0.0246 min-1 and $0.74/kg TOC, respectively. The FeGAC/H2O2 process is the most technically efficient and cost effective for pretreatment of the pesticide wastewater before biological treatment. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reserved Received: 26th July 2017; Revised: 26nd September 2017; Accepted: 27th September 2017; Available online: 22nd January 2018; Published regularly: 2nd April 2018 How to Cite: Affam, A.C., Chaudhuri, M., Kutty, S.R.M. (2018). Comparison of Five Advanced Oxidation Processes for Degradation of Pesticide in Aqueous Solution. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (1): 179-186 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.1.1394.179-186