Energy and Macronutrient Intake of First-Year Football Players: A Pilot Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the energy intake and macronutrient breakdown of first-year football players at a Division III school. A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship of dietary intake to clinical measures. Methods: Seventeen first-year football players completed a 24-Hour Diet Recall interview. Players had their height, weight, body composition, fasting blood glucose and cholesterol measured. Researchers provided measuring devices to help participants recall their food and liquid intake for the previous 24 hours. Independent T-tests were performed to examine the differences between skilled and lineman football players. Results: The athletes consumed an average of 4,103 kcals (range 1,283.4 kcals – 8,347.3 kcals) with the following macronutrient breakdown: 48% Carbohydrate, 35% Fat and 17% protein. Lineman were heavier, had higher Body Mass Index (BMI), larger waist circumferences (WC), higher percent body fat (BF), and higher fasting blood glucoses (p \u3e 0.05) than the skilled players. There were no differences in total kcals consumed, macronutrient composition, or water intake between two groups. Conclusion: Skilled and lineman football players had similar energy intakes; lineman had higher BMIs, WC, and BF. This would suggest that lineman expend lower amounts of energy than skilled players. This information combined with the higher blood glucose levels can be an indicator for a football player’s future health

Ice: a strongly correlated proton system

We discuss the problem of proton motion in Hydrogen bond materials with special focus on ice. We show that phenomenological models proposed in the past for the study of ice can be recast in terms of microscopic models in close relationship to the ones used to study the physics of Mott-Hubbard insulators. We discuss the physics of the paramagnetic phase of ice at 1/4 filling (neutral ice) and its mapping to a transverse field Ising model and also to a gauge theory in two and three dimensions. We show that H3O+ and HO- ions can be either in a confined or deconfined phase. We obtain the phase diagram of the problem as a function of temperature T and proton hopping energy t and find that there are two phases: an ordered insulating phase which results from an order-by-disorder mechanism induced by quantum fluctuations, and a disordered incoherent metallic phase (or plasma). We also discuss the problem of decoherence in the proton motion introduced by the lattice vibrations (phonons) and its effect on the phase diagram. Finally, we suggest that the transition from ice-Ih to ice-XI observed experimentally in doped ice is the confining-deconfining transition of our phase diagram.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure

High-precision CTE measurement of hybrid C/SiC composite for cryogenic space telescopes

This paper presents highly precise measurements of thermal expansion of a "hybrid" carbon-fiber reinforced silicon carbide composite, HB-Cesic\textregistered - a trademark of ECM, in the temperature region of \sim310-10K. Whilst C/SiC composites have been considered to be promising for the mirrors and other structures of space-borne cryogenic telescopes, the anisotropic thermal expansion has been a potential disadvantage of this material. HB-Cesic\textregistered is a newly developed composite using a mixture of different types of chopped, short carbon-fiber, in which one of the important aims of the development was to reduce the anisotropy. The measurements indicate that the anisotropy was much reduced down to 4% as a result of hybridization. The thermal expansion data obtained are presented as functions of temperature using eighth-order polynomials separately for the horizontal (XY-) and vertical (Z-) directions of the fabrication process. The average CTEs and their dispersion (1{\sigma}) in the range 293-10K derived from the data for the XY- and Z-directions were 0.805$\pm$0.003\times10$^{-6}$ K$^{-1}$ and 0.837\pm0.001\times10$^{-6}$ K$^{-1}$, respectively. The absolute accuracy and the reproducibility of the present measurements are suggested to be better than 0.01\times10$^{-6}$ K$^{-1}$ and 0.001\times(10)^{-6} K^{-1}, respectively. The residual anisotropy of the thermal expansion was consistent with our previous speculation regarding carbon-fiber, in which the residual anisotropy tended to lie mainly in the horizontal plane.Comment: Accepted by Cryogeincs. 12 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabll

A Compact Gas Cerenkov Detector with Novel Optics

We discuss the design and performance of a threshold Cerenkov counter for identification of charged hadrons. The radiator is pressurized gas, which is contained in thin-walled cylindrical modules. A mirror system of novel design transports Cerenkov photons to photomultiplier tubes. This system is compact, contains relatively little material, and has a large fraction of active volume. A prototype of a module designed for the proposed CLEO III detector has been studied using cosmic rays. Results from these studies show good agreement with a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the module and indicate that it should achieve separation of pions and kaons at the 2.5-3.0sigma level in the momentum range 0.8-2.8 GeV/c. We predict performance for specific physics analyses using a GEANT-based simulation package.Comment: Submitted to NIM. 23 pages, 11 postscript figures. Postscript file is also available at http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/199

Linear Collider Final Doublet Considerations: ATF2 Vibration Measurements

Original publication available at http://www.jacow.org/International audienceAt ATF2, to allow the Shintake Monitor located at the Interaction Point to measure the beam size with only 2% of error, vertical relative motion tolerance between SM (Shintake Monitor) and final doublet magnets (FD) is of 7nm for QD0 and 20nm for QF1 above 0.1Hz. Vibration transfer function of FD and SM with their supports has been measured and show a good rigidity. Vertical relative motion between the SM and QD0 (QF1) was thus measured to be only of 5.1nm (6.5nm) with high ground motion representative of a shift period. Same measurements done in horizontal directions showed that tolerances were also respected (much less strict). Moreover, relative motion tolerances should be released due to the good motion correlation measured between FD. Thus the FD and SM supports have been validated on site at ATF2 to be within the vibration specifications