A Review On Green Methods for Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles

Metal nano particles are one of the most attractive aspects of nano materials in recent years. The reason for this growing attraction is because of their special physical and chemical properties, which are more enhanced from bulk material. Hence they find wide application in various fields like catalysis, photonics, optoelectronics, information storage, antibacterial applications, etc. While considering metal nano particles, electrical conductivity is one of the most important properties that can be used for humans’ benefit and should be enhanced. Silver nano particles can be used in the electronics industry as conductive fillers because of their unique properties such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, high resistance to oxidation. It is impressive that eco friendly methods are being developed for synthesizing these nano particles, using different kinds of plant extracts and water soluble component as capping agents, which results in different forms of particle morphologies. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3523

A Review In Preparation of Electronic Ink for Electrophoretic Displays

Electrophoretic displays attracted a lot of attention recently due to its low cost, low weight, low power consumption and reliability. Based on these characteristics, they are going to replace the conventional paper. Electrophoretic displays are called non- emitting displays based on light particle suspensions. They behave as motion of charged particles in a dielectric fluid towards the electrodes with the opposite charge. Electrical and optical properties of electrophoretic displays suspension composition are dependent on the electronic ink that is called E- ink. Thus, key factors in determining image quality depended on electrophoretic particle properties. Enhancing the great image quality for accurate image control and faster response to the voltage applied is dependent on the very small particle size, narrow size distribution and high surface charge of particles. So a lot of research has been done on the modification of particles, surface morphology, surface charge and their stability in media. Therefore, this article reviews the studies of these topics

Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles with Different Morphologies, Using MIC Method

In this work silver nanoparticles were produced using tannic acid solution as reducing and capping agent. Results of UV-Vis and XRD ensured the existence of silver nanoparticles in the final samples. Nanoparticles with different morphologies were detected using FE-SEM micrographs. The antibacterial activity of the obtained silver nanoparticles was investigated against six bacteria strains (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. The results of MIC tests for these silver nanoparticles demonstrated the inhibition of growth for most bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis

A Review In Preparation of Electronic Ink for Electrophoretic Displays

Electrophoretic displays attracted a lot of attention recently due to its low cost, low weight, low power consumption and reliability. Based on these characteristics, they are going to replace the conventional paper. Electrophoretic displays are called non- emitting displays based on light particle suspensions. They behave as motion of charged particles in a dielectric fluid towards the electrodes with the opposite charge. Electrical and optical properties of electrophoretic displays suspension composition are dependent on the electronic ink that is called E- ink. Thus, key factors in determining image quality depended on electrophoretic particle properties. Enhancing the great image quality for accurate image control and faster response to the voltage applied is dependent on the very small particle size, narrow size distribution and high surface charge of particles. So a lot of research has been done on the modification of particles, surface morphology, surface charge and their stability in media. Therefore, this article reviews the studies of these topics

Blends of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Nanostructured Hyperbranched Polyesteramide for Improvement the Dyeability of PET: Thermodynamics

Incorporating Hybrane H1500 as a nanostructured hyperbranched polyesteramide into polyethylene terephthalate (PET) enhances the dyeability of PET with C.I. Disperse Blue 56. The results show that the disperse dye display much greater substantivity toward the modified PET sheets compared to virgin PET one. DSC tests show that the crystallinity of modified PET sheets has slightly decreased. The main pur-pose of this work was to determine the dyeing mechanism of disperse dye on the modified PET using hy-perbranched polyesteramide by study the adsorption properties in the infinite dyebath at different tem-peratures. In fact, a few of the thermodynamic parameters of dyeing such as the equilibrium adsorption isotherm, standard affinity, enthalpy and entropy changes were studied. The bath containing virgin PET displays the highest negative values of the enthalpy change and entropy change, while the bath containing the modified PET with 2 wt% hyperbranched polyesteramide shows the lowest negative values of them. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3542

Exploring America’s musical identity: a comparison study of Indianist piano pieces by Amy Beach and Arthur Farwell

This document compares the purposes and philosophies that guided the composition of Indianist pieces by Amy Beach and Arthur Farwell. By relating Beach’s and Farwell’s output to movements of the early twentieth century, including antimodernism and American nationalism, this study suggests ways in which Beach and Farwell deviated from previously established trends. Through each Indianist piece that attempted to arrange Native American songs, Beach and Farwell introduced new strategies for incorporating melodic transcriptions. Musical analyses within the document reflect Beach’s and Farwell’s goals for writing Indianist pieces, including their intentions for how to communicate with audiences. Both composers’ usage of dissonances, manipulation of melodic motives, and treatment of text shaped each piece’s portrayal of Native American music. Beach’s and Farwell’s Indianist pieces are further analyzed in relation to current musical practices, tracing the process through which compositional practices became more inclusive and diverse during the later twentieth century

Optical tweezers escape forces

With suitable calibration, optical tweezers can be used to measure forces. If the maximum force that can be exerted is of interest, calibration can be performed using viscous drag to remove a particle from the trap, typically by moving the stage. The stage velocity required to remove the particle then gives the escape force. However, the escape force can vary by up to 30% or more, depending on the particle trajectory. This can have significant quantitative impact on measurements. We describe the variation of escape force and escape trajectory, using both experimental measurements and simulations, and discuss implications for experimental measurement of forces

Global sodium consumption and death from cardiovascular causes.

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the pageHigh sodium intake increases blood pressure, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the effects of sodium intake on global cardiovascular mortality are uncertain.We collected data from surveys on sodium intake as determined by urinary excretion and diet in persons from 66 countries (accounting for 74.1% of adults throughout the world), and we used these data to quantify the global consumption of sodium according to age, sex, and country. The effects of sodium on blood pressure, according to age, race, and the presence or absence of hypertension, were calculated from data in a new meta-analysis of 107 randomized interventions, and the effects of blood pressure on cardiovascular mortality, according to age, were calculated from a meta-analysis of cohorts. Cause-specific mortality was derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Using comparative risk assessment, we estimated the cardiovascular effects of current sodium intake, as compared with a reference intake of 2.0 g of sodium per day, according to age, sex, and country.In 2010, the estimated mean level of global sodium consumption was 3.95 g per day, and regional mean levels ranged from 2.18 to 5.51 g per day. Globally, 1.65 million annual deaths from cardiovascular causes (95% uncertainty interval [confidence interval], 1.10 million to 2.22 million) were attributed to sodium intake above the reference level; 61.9% of these deaths occurred in men and 38.1% occurred in women. These deaths accounted for nearly 1 of every 10 deaths from cardiovascular causes (9.5%). Four of every 5 deaths (84.3%) occurred in low- and middle-income countries, and 2 of every 5 deaths (40.4%) were premature (before 70 years of age). The rate of death from cardiovascular causes associated with sodium intake above the reference level was highest in the country of Georgia and lowest in Kenya.In this modeling study, 1.65 million deaths from cardiovascular causes that occurred in 2010 were attributed to sodium consumption above a reference level of 2.0 g per day. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).Bill and Melinda Gates Foundatio

Global, regional, and national consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices, and milk : a systematic assessment of beverage intake in 187 countries

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fruit juice, and milk are components of diet of major public health interest. To-date, assessment of their global distributions and health impacts has been limited by insufficient comparable and reliable data by country, age, and sex. Objective: To quantify global, regional, and national levels of SSB, fruit juice, and milk intake by age and sex in adults over age 20 in 2010. Methods: We identified, obtained, and assessed data on intakes of these beverages in adults, by age and sex, from 193 nationally- or subnationally-representative diet surveys worldwide, representing over half the world’s population. We also extracted data relevant to milk, fruit juice, and SSB availability for 187 countries from annual food balance information collected by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to account for measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modeling uncertainty, and to combine and harmonize nationally representative dietary survey data and food availability data. Results: In 2010, global average intakes were 0.58 (95%UI: 0.37, 0.89) 8 oz servings/day for SSBs, 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) for fruit juice, and 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) for milk. There was significant heterogeneity in consumption of each beverage by region and age. Intakes of SSB were highest in the Caribbean (1.9 servings/day; 1.2, 3.0); fruit juice consumption was highest in Australia and New Zealand (0.66; 0.35, 1.13); and milk intake was highest in Central Latin America and parts of Europe (1.06; 0.68, 1.59). Intakes of all three beverages were lowest in East Asia and Oceania. Globally and within regions, SSB consumption was highest in younger adults; fruit juice consumption showed little relation with age; and milk intakes were highest in older adults. Conclusions: Our analysis highlights the enormous spectrum of beverage intakes worldwide, by country, age, and sex. These data are valuable for highlighting gaps in dietary surveillance, determining the impacts of these beverages on global health, and targeting dietary policy.peer-reviewe