283 research outputs found
Mobile setup for synchrotron based in situ characterization during thermal and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition
We report the design of a mobile setup for synchrotron based in situ studies during atomic layer processing. The system was designed to facilitate in situ grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements at synchrotron facilities. The setup consists of a compact high vacuum pump-type reactor for atomic layer deposition (ALD). The presence of a remote radio frequency plasma source enables in situ experiments during both thermal as well as plasma-enhanced ALD. The system has been successfully installed at different beam line end stations at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and SOLEIL synchrotrons. Examples are discussed of in situ GISAXS and XRF measurements during thermal and plasma-enhanced ALD growth of ruthenium from RuO4 (ToRuS™, Air Liquide) and H2 or H2 plasma, providing insights in the nucleation behavior of these processes
The Conformal Penrose Limit and the Resolution of the pp-curvature Singularities
We consider the exact solutions of the supergravity theories in various
dimensions in which the space-time has the form M_{d} x S^{D-d} where M_{d} is
an Einstein space admitting a conformal Killing vector and S^{D-d} is a sphere
of an appropriate dimension. We show that, if the cosmological constant of
M_{d} is negative and the conformal Killing vector is space-like, then such
solutions will have a conformal Penrose limit: M^{(0)}_{d} x S^{D-d} where
M^{(0)}_{d} is a generalized d-dimensional AdS plane wave. We study the
properties of the limiting solutions and find that M^{(0)}_{d} has 1/4
supersymmetry as well as a Virasoro symmetry. We also describe how the
pp-curvature singularity of M^{(0)}_{d} is resolved in the particular case of
the D6-branes of D=10 type IIA supergravity theory. This distinguished case
provides an interesting generalization of the plane waves in D=11 supergravity
theory and suggests a duality between the SU(2) gauged d=8 supergravity of
Salam and Sezgin on M^{(0)}_{8} and the d=7 ungauged supergravity theory on its
pp-wave boundary.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX; typos corrected, journal versio
A match made in heaven or down under? The effectiveness of matching visual and verbal horizons in advertising
According to construal level theory, consumers' processing styles become more abstract as psychological distance increases, but they grow more concrete when psychological distance decreases. This study provides evidence that panoramic pictures in which the horizon appears in the lower versus upper part of the frame trigger a different level of construal. As such, this study raises a novel source of construal. In addition, this study shows that when both visual (e.g., horizon height) and verbal (e.g., temporal benefit) advertising elements induce the same level of construal, advertising effectiveness increases. This work differs from previous research in that it focuses on the construal fit evoked by two advertisement features rather than a fit in construal between an external stimulus and the internal mindset of the consumer
Three-Dimensional Reconstructions of Tadpole Chondrocrania from Histological Sections
Reconstructing three dimensional structures (3DR) from histological sections has always been difficult but is becoming more accessible with the assistance of digital imaging. We sought to assemble a low cost system using readily available hardware and software to generate 3DR for a study of tadpole chondrocrania. We found that a combination of RGB camera, stereomicroscope, and Apple Macintosh PowerPC computers running NIH Image, Object Image, Rotater. and SURFdriver software provided acceptable reconstructions. These are limited in quality primarily by the distortions arising from histological protocols rather than hardware or software
Smoking and its effect on scar healing
Scar formation is influenced by several factors such as wound infection, tension, wound depth and anatomical localization. Hypertrophic scarring is often the result of an imbalance in the wound and scar healing process. The exact underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Smoking has a higher risk of postoperative complications probably due to a diminished macrophage induction. Following our clinical impression that smokers without postoperative wound infections show esthetically better scars, we evaluated the scars after a reduction mammaplasty in smoking and nonsmoking patients in a prospective clinical trial. Between July 2006 and September 2007, 13 smokers and 30 non smokers with a reduction mammaplasty were included. They were recruited from Viecuri Medical Centre and Atrium Medical Centre in the Netherlands after written consent. Surgical data and data of the patients' condition were collected. Follow-up for erythema values of the scars was done with a colorimeter (The Minolta CR-300, Minolta Camera Co., Ltd., Osaka Japan) at 1, 3, 6 and 9Â months postoperatively on four standardized postsurgical sites. ANOVA and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. In the smoking group, the scars were significantly less red compared to the nonsmoking group. No significant differences were found in BMI, resection weight and drain production between both groups. Although smoking is certainly not recommended as a preventive therapy to influence scar healing, this study confirms our assumption that smokers tend to have faster and less erythemateous scar healing to nonsmokers. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of the effect of smoking on scars
2019: A Changing International Order? Implications for the Security Environment
KCIS2019 examined the implications of the changing international order for international security. It studied the hypercompetitive, multipolar environment in which we find ourselves, marked by a persistent struggle for influence and position within a “grey zone” of competition. This edited collection features contributions from academic and military experts who have examined the future of the liberal international order and what is at stake. These evidence-based examinations discuss the challenges to the order, and why it has been so difficult to articulate a compelling narrative to support the continuation of American leadership.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1922/thumbnail.jp
Modelling Influence and Opinion Evolution in Online Collective Behaviour.
Opinion evolution and judgment revision are mediated through social influence. Based on a large crowdsourced in vitro experiment (n = 861), it is shown how a consensus model can be used to predict opinion evolution in online collective behaviour. It is the first time the predictive power of a quantitative model of opinion dynamics is tested against a real dataset. Unlike previous research on the topic, the model was validated on data which did not serve to calibrate it. This avoids to favor more complex models over more simple ones and prevents overfitting. The model is parametrized by the influenceability of each individual, a factor representing to what extent individuals incorporate external judgments. The prediction accuracy depends on prior knowledge on the participants' past behaviour. Several situations reflecting data availability are compared. When the data is scarce, the data from previous participants is used to predict how a new participant will behave. Judgment revision includes unpredictable variations which limit the potential for prediction. A first measure of unpredictability is proposed. The measure is based on a specific control experiment. More than two thirds of the prediction errors are found to occur due to unpredictability of the human judgment revision process rather than to model imperfection
The HERMES Dual-Radiator Ring Imaging Cerenkov Detector
The construction and use of a dual radiator Ring Imaging Cerenkov(RICH)
detector is described. This instrument was developed for the HERMES experiment
at DESY which emphasizes measurements of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic
scattering. It provides particle identification for pions, kaons, and protons
in the momentum range from 2 to 15 GeV, which is essential to these studies.
The instrument uses two radiators, C4F10, a heavy fluorocarbon gas, and a wall
of silica aerogel tiles. The use of aerogel in a RICH detector has only
recently become possible with the development of clear, large homogeneous and
hydrophobic aerogel. A lightweight mirror was constructed using a newly
perfected technique to make resin-coated carbon-fiber surfaces of optical
quality. The photon detector consists of 1934 photomultiplier tubes for each
detector half, held in a soft steel matrix to provide shielding against the
residual field of the main spectrometer magnet.Comment: 25 pages, 23 figure
Polymorphic markers related to a single Tcrb-V6 gene segment
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46749/1/251_2004_Article_BF00230507.pd
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