ECOLOGIC PROBLEMS OF RESORT-COMPLEXES

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FEATURES AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM OF RABBITS.

Представлена праця присвячена аналізу результатів експериментальних досліджень, у яких відображені морфо-функціональні особливості різних відділів автономної нервової системи кролів. Проаналізований літературний матеріал доводить, що вказану тематику протягом тривалого періоду розробляла значна кількість науковців. На даний час питання автономної регуляції також не позбавлене уваги, оскільки остання лежить в основі тонічно-трофічних процесів в організмі. При цьому, велика кількість наукових праць присвячена морфології нервів та їх функціональному стану, який визначається багатьма факторами. Значна увага приділяється блукаючому нерву, гілки якого забезпечують регуляторні впливи органам дихання, травлення, серцево-судинній системі. Також наголошується на зв’язку між симпатичними та парасимпатичними нервами та їх поєднанні в метасимпатичному відділі. Висвітлено вплив ядер гіпоталамусу, як є вищого симпатичного центру, на серцеву діяльність кролів. Проведено порівняльну характеристику морфо-функціонального стану автономної нервової системи кролів з рядом інших ссавців.Представленный труд посвящен анализу результатов экспериментальных исследований, в которых отображены морфофункциональные особенности разных отделов автономной нервной системы кроликов. Проанализированный литературный материал подтверждает, что указанную тематику на протяжении длительного периода разрабатывало значительное количество научных работников. На данное время вопрос автономной регуляции также не лишен внимания, поскольку последняя лежит в основе тоническо-трофических процессов в организме. При этом большое количество научных трудов посвящено морфологии нервов и их функциональному состоянию, которое определяется многими факторами. Значительное внимание уделяется блуждающему нерву, ветви которого обеспечивают регуляторные влияния органам дыхания, пищеварения, сердечно-сосудистой системе. Также отмечается связь между симпатичными и парасимпатическими нервами и их соединении в метасимпатическом отделе. Освещено влияние ядер гипоталамуса, как высшего симпатичного центра, на сердечную деятельность кроликов. Проведена сравнительная характеристика морфофункционального состояния автономной нервной системы кроликов с рядом других млекопитающих.The present paper features the analysis of the experimental research results reflecting morphological and functional peculiarities of different parts of the vegetative nervous system in rabbits.The literature analyzed proves that this topic has been dealt with by many scholars for a long time.At present, the issue of autonomous regulation is still paid attention to, for the latter lies at the basis of tonic and trophic processes in an organism. Many papers are dedicated to morphology of nerves and their functional condition, which is determined by many factors.Much attention is paid to the vagus nerve, whose branches have regulatory influence on the respiratory and digestive organs, and cardiovascular system.The connection between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and their combination in the metasympathic division is stressed.The influence of hypothalamic nuclei as a higher sympathetic center on cardiac function in rabbits is elaborated on.A comparison of morphological and functional state of the nervous system of rabbits to that of other mammals is made

NOTES ON SOME DISORDERS IN THE DIVISION OF PARACHLORANILINE-TREATED HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO

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Debt Policy for the Sustainable Development of Russian Regions and Megacities

Relevance. In recent years, the role of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) bonds has been rapidly growing in the world. ESGs are used to raise funds for programs for sustainable development of territories.Research objective. The paper studies the cases of Russian regions using green bonds and considers the prospects of this tool in the Russian context.Data and Methods. The analysis focuses on the debt indicators of Russian regions and related budgetary indicators based on open source data from the Ministry of Finance, the Treasury, and independent rating agencies. The methods of comparative and retrospective analysis are used to identify the state and features of regional debt policy.Results. Our analysis of the debt policy of Russian regions and megacities shows a low level of their activity in the stock market as issuers of bonds. This can be explained by the complexity of the system of subnational finances and the role of the Federation in preventing default situations, and therefore the priority use of budget loans. The city of Moscow was a pioneer in this matter in Russia. This determines the uniqueness of Moscow's experience in implementing debt policy.Conclusions. The expansion of the green bond practice will allow Russia to move forward in achieving the goals of ESG agenda, which, despite the large-scale sanctions imposed on Russia at the moment, still remains relevant

Factors of Convergence and Divergence in the Global Economy: A Brief Review

The Great Divergence, namely the divergence in per capita GDP between the first and the third worlds, started around 1820 and continued at an accelerated pace during the next half of the 19th century and at a slower pace in the 20th century. Divergence of the West was primarily associated with a technological breakthrough and economic development that led to higher labor productivity and GDP per capita. However, in the late 1980s the Great Convergence, which implied substantial advance of economic growth rates of developed West by developing countries of the third world, replaced the Great Divergence. Great Divergence was due to the improving of education and public health systems, in other words, to human capital development. There is a bulk of literature focusing on convergence or divergence of various countries. The purpose of this article is to study these factors by the means of review and systematization of relevant literature. Authors briefly analyze theoretical and empirical studies describing drivers of convergence and divergence in the global economy. They also consider statistical data on world regions for the period since 1960 until present days to justify conclusions. The article concludes that there are quite a large number of works devoted to the analysis of factors explaining the divergence or convergence trends in the world. This review is useful in terms of understanding current trends in the world economy, as well as developing scenarios of its development in the future

Geek Culture As a New ‘Image’ of Contemporary Culture

The aim of this article is to present the theoretical grounding of geek culture as a unique contemporary phenomenon, based on structural-functional, evolutionary, and systemic methodology within the overarching culturological approach. We verify the meaning of such concepts as ‘geek’, ‘geek community’, and ‘geek culture’; explore the role and the characteristics of geek culture as a supra-subculture; analyze its global universal features and the specifics of its Russian variant; describe a unique characteristic of geek culture as a self-organizing system; and highlight the dualistic features of geek culture as a ‘marker’ of contemporary social processes.     Keywords: geek, geek culture, geek community, supra-subculture, consumer subculture, mass subculture, youth subculture, counter-culture, mainstrea

Quantifying the Potential Macroeconomic Consequences of Global Climate Change: What the Literature Says

Increase of the Earth’s average surface temperature observed in the last century has affected almost all countries of the world. No state has managed to escape the effects of global warming, and scientists predict that no country will escape a further increase in temperature. However, the highest temperature increases are expected in countries with relatively colder climates. The contribution of low-income developing countries, typically located in some of the hottest geographic areas of the planet, to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is negligible, both in absolute and per capita terms. This article provides a meta-analysis of quantitative estimates of the damage caused by global climate change occurring on the planet since the last century. A rise in temperature has been shown to decrease per capita production in countries with relatively high average annual temperatures, which include most low-income countries. In these countries, the negative effect has long-term nature and operates through several channels, including decrease in agricultural production and labor productivity in sectors more exposed to weather; reduction in capital accumulation and deterioration of human health. Moreover, as evidence shows, in recent years macroeconomic indicators have not become less sensitive to temperature shocks, which points at significant limitations on countries’ adaptation to climate change. Meta-analysis of climate change damage estimates documented in relevant literature will, first, provide an idea of the scale of such estimates and help to assess the current state of knowledge in this area. In addition, a meta-analysis will demonstrate sensitivity of the results of calculations regarding assessment approach, measurement errors or insufficient data, choice of sample, etc. Finally, systematization of climate damage quantitative estimates is highly likely to be of practical importance for authorities and international organizations responsible for developing measures to deal with climate change and mitigate its effects, especially for developing and poor countries, most affected by the negative effects of global warming

News discourse: lexical problems of translation

News discourse poses a challenge for translators. The article deals with the main lexical problems of news translation. It also describes basic techniques and standard methods that help to solve some widespread problems on the lexical level

Information technology in use of authentic material teaching a second language

The importance of the research is provided by the need of choosing the effective condition of using authentic material as a method of teaching a second language. Therefore this article is devoted to finding the role of information technology in using authentic material. Authentic and adopted materials are defined. The pedagogical networked recourse model as a way of preventing the individual use of authentic materials problem is presented. The article benefits the research of authenticity and adaptation. The content of the article can be used practically in creation of the networked resource devoted to practical use of authentic materialАктуальность рассматриваемого вопроса обусловлена необходимостью поиска оптимального условия использования аутентичных материалов при обучении иностранному языку. В связи с этим, цель статьи заключается в определении роли информационных технологий в использовании аутентичных материалов. В статье рассмотрено содержание понятия аутентичные материалы, дано определение адаптированных материалов, представлена модель педагогического Интернет ресурса, позволяющего преодолеть трудности индивидуального использования аутентичных материалов. Материалы статьи вносят теоретический вклад в понимание соотношения аутентичных и адаптированных материалов, представляют практическую ценность для создания педагогического ресурса, посвященного аутентичным материала

News discourse: lexical problems of translation

News discourse poses a challenge for translators. The article deals with the main lexical problems of news translation. It also describes basic techniques and standard methods that help to solve some widespread problems on the lexical level