Network shape of educational programs including: legal basis and essential characteristics

Based on analysis of art. 15 of the Law «On Education in the Russian Federation» regulatory framework and the essential characteristics of the network form of educational programs are disclosed (organized for the formation of the unique competencies that are in demand in the rapidly developing sectors of the economy, organized mainly on the interdisciplinary nature of educational programs for personnel of large projects; makes it possible to increase the quality of education by enhancing certain aspects of the educational activities by using).На основе анализа ст. 15 закона «Об образовании в Российской Федерации» раскрыты нормативно-правовые основы и сущностные характеристики сетевой формы реализации образовательных программ, которые организуются для формирования уникальных компетенций, востребованных в интенсивно развивающихся отраслях экономики, позволяют повышать качество образования за счет усиления отдельных аспектов образовательной деятельности. Предложены три варианта сетевой формы реализации образовательных программ: образовательная организация – образовательная организация; образовательная организация – организация, осуществляющая обучение; образовательная организация – иная организация (научная, медицинская и др.), обладающая ресурсами для реализации обучения, но не имеющая лицензии на образовательную деятельность

Natural and chemotherapy-induced clonal evolution of tumors

Evolution and natural selection of tumoral clones in the process of transformation and the following carcinogenesis can be called natural clonal evolution. Its main driving factors are internal: genetic instability initiated by driver mutations and microenvironment, which enables selective pressure while forming the environment for cell transformation and their survival. We present our overview of contemporary research dealing with mechanisms of carcinogenesis in different localizations from precancerous pathologies to metastasis and relapse. It shows that natural clonal evolution establishes intratumoral heterogeneity and enables tumor progression. Tumors of monoclonal origin are of low-level intratumoral heterogeneity in the initial stages, and this increases with the size of the tumor. Tumors of polyclonal origin are of extremely high-level intratumoral heterogeneity in the initial stages and become more homogeneous when larger due to clonal expansion. In cases of chemotherapy-induced clonal evolution of a tumor, chemotherapy becomes the leading factor in treatment. The latest research shows that the impact of chemotherapy can radically increase the speed of clonal evolution and lead to new malignant and resistant clones that cause tumor metastasis. Another option of chemotherapy-induced clonal evolution is formation of a new dominant clone from a clone that was minor in the initial tumor and obtained free space due to elimination of sensitive clones by chemotherapy. As a result, in ~20% of cases, chemotherapy can stimulate metastasis and relapse of tumors due to clonal evolution. The conclusion of the overview formulates approaches to tumor treatment based on clonal evolution: in particular, precision therapy, prediction of metastasis stimulation in patients treated with chemotherapy, methods of genetic evaluation of chemotherapy efficiency and clonal-oriented treatment, and approaches to manipulating the clonal evolution of tumors are presented

Improving the Reliability of Power Supply Systems

The article considers the possibility of improving the reliability of power supply systems. It has proposed to use sectioning devices - recloses for organizing ATS and AR, under voltage protection, overcurrent protection, protection against single-phase earth faults, and connection of new consumers. The level of reliability and quality of power supply of the distribution network assessed, which is carried out according to the indicative indicators SAIFI, SAIDI, RNRE and ARAE, which characterize, respectively, the number and duration of outages in the network for the period under review, the relative efficiency of reconstruction and the average efficiency of the use of reclosers

Copy number aberrations landscape of a breast tumor, connection with the efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy

The research involved 80 patients diagnosed with breast cancer (BC). Each patient had their tumor biopsy material sampled before their treatment. We studied the tumor tissue using the CytoScan HD Array (Affymetrix, USA) microarray to evaluate the CNA landscape. We studied the frequency of segmental and numerical CNA occurrence, their association with the efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We found that the biggest number of amplifications (with frequency over 60%) were found on in the following locuses; 1q32.1 1q32.3, 1q42.13, 1q42.2, 1q43. The biggest frequency of deletions (more than in 58% of the patients) was found in these locuses: 16q21, 16q23.2, 16q23.3, 17p12, 17p13.1. However, we found the locuses with full absence of segmental chromosome anomalies. We observed trisomy most frequently in the 7, 8, 12, and 17 chromosomes, and monosomy in the 3, 4, 9, 11, 18, and X-chromosomes. We demonstrated the connection between the high frequency of cytobands with CNA in the patients’ tumors and the efficiency of NAC. We also identified the cytobands, whose CNA are linked to the response to NAC

PROBLEMS OF THE ORGANIZATION AND PROMOTION OF THE STUDENTS 'INDEPENDENT WORK

Рассматриваются проблемы, имеющие место в процессе проектировании и реализации самостоятельной работы студентов; дается их систематизация трудностей; раскрывается система психолого-педагогических факторов стимулирования самостоятельной работы студентовThe problems that occur in the process of designing and implementing students' independent work are considered; their systematization of difficulties is given; the system of psychological and pedagogical factors of stimulating students' independent work is reveale

Assessment of the microbial communities and their petroleum hydrocarbon transformation potential in the northern Caspian sea

Marine bacterial biodiversity is an immense library of tools which have a potential in bioremediation of oil spills [1]. Oil industry is flourishing in the Caspian Sea which is effecting local environment and we hypothesize that natural seeps and historical anthropogenic leaks have sustained indigenous microbial communities, including hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms (Picture 1). Indigenous microbial communities of Northern part of the Sea and their overall metabolic potential have not been studied comprehensively. We aim to gain knowledge about the bacterial community, determine specific hydrocarbon degrading species and study their potential in bioremediation of oil-polluted Caspian Sea waters

Microarray research of allelic imbalance in breast cancers during neoadjuvant chemotherapy

For single nucleotide polymorphism – SNP (SNP – Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) is characterized by phenomenon of allelic imbalance (AI). The phenomenon of allelic imbalanced (AI) is typical of many genes in different malignancies. Allelic imbalanced may result allelic deletions (loss of one copy of the locus) or amplification of one allele, resulting in only a single allelic variant of SNP is determined in the tumor in the PCR. Phenomenon of AI in tumors of breast cancer (BC) is considered in one or more genes. The phenomenon of AI during chemotherapy (CT) and especially in the longer format of the gene had not previously been studied. Thus, the aim of this work was to study microarray imbalanced allele in mammary tumors during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). Materials and methods: The study included 26 breast cancer patients with stage IIA – IIIC. The patients in the neoadjuvant mode received 2–4 courses of chemotherapy regimens FAC or CAX. DNA from 26 paired samples before treatment and operational samples were isolated by dialing QIAampDNA miniKit (Qiagen, Germany). Microarray analysis was performed on DNA chips of high density company Affymetrix (USA) CytoScanTM HD Array, which contains more than 750 thousand SNP. Microarray analysis was performed on SNP genotypes DNA tumor tissue before and after treatment for each patient and recorded as change occurring allelic imbalanced tumor tissue genotype (AA > AB > AB AA BB > AB > AB BB) during therapy. Results: The frequency of the AI in breast tumor during NCT was highly variable (within 0.9–66.5%) of the studied SNP (6850 – 497,979 SNP). For each patient, frequency shift genotype (homozygous in heterozygous genotype, and vice versa) was calculated as a percentage of all the shifts. Changes in the wild or mutant heterozygous genotypes (AA or BB > AB) were combined into one group; the second group was the sum of the change in the heterozygous genotype homozygous wild genotype or the mutant (AB > AA or BB). We have found that the direction of the AI was significantly associated effect of NCT. In the group of patients with partial regression, the direction of AI change from homozygous to heterozygous genotype often occurs (AA or BB > AB) (9/14, 64%), whereas patients with no response to the NCT (with stabilization or progression) have the opposite effect. All these patients (12/12 cases) have the direction of the change of AI from heterozygous genotype to homozygous (AA or AB > BB) (p = 0.00071). AI during chemotherapy at the level of the marked tendency (Log-rank test, p = 0.062) is associated with 5-year metastasis-free survival. Low metastasis-free survival rate is observed in patients with AI in the direction of the change from the heterozygous to homozygous genotype, while 100% survival is noted in patients with change from homozygous to heterozygous genotypes, and this imbalanced t allele is a favorable prognostic factor. Conclusion: Allelic imbalanced in breast tumor during NCT phenomenon is massive and may affect up to 67% of SNP. AI may occur in the direction of change from homozygous to heterozygous genotype, and it is associated with a good response to treatment and 100% metastasis-free survival. Apparently, this can be explained by the fact that the change from homozygous genotypes to heterozygous occur due to partial destruction of tumor cells by chemotherapy, resulting in the increase of stromal elements. In contrast, AI in the direction change from heterozygous to homozygous genotype during NCT is associated with no response to chemotherapy due to metastasis and occurring of new mutant clones in the tumor

SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF BIMETALLIC CATALYTIC SYSTEMS FORMED IN SITU BY ALUMINUM, 1, 2-DICHLOROETHANE AND Fe (III), Ni (II), Mn (II) CHLORIDES

Novel bimetallic catalytic systems based on the catalytic complex (CTC) are synthesized from the reaction of Al metal and 1, 2-dichloroethane in the mode of in situ and modified with the metal chlorides of Mn (II), Fe (III), and Ni (II) in paraffin medium. The structures of synthesized catalytic samples were confirmed by bulk and surface characterization with FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analyses (TG/DTG/DTA), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS) for determination the particle size and X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XRFM)

Metacognition of organization members as the basis of learning strategy in higher school

© 2017 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. The concept of metacognition is used to study knowledge of knowledge, and mainly in cognitive psychology. According to the content; metacognition is an intelligent process related to memory, reflection and motivation. The problem, we research, concerns the fact that the content and the mismatch of employees views can lead to non-constructive activity that violates the effectiveness of an organization as a whole. The outcome of this study is a model that describe the characteristics of the organization through determination of the metacognitive skills of employees at different levels. The model takes into account the emotional colouring, different levels of metacognition inconsistency, characteristic of the organization effectiveness and various inconsistencies of metacognitions