1,532 research outputs found
Crossover from 2D to 3D in a weakly interacting Fermi gas
We have studied the transition from two to three dimensions in a low
temperature weakly interacting Li Fermi gas. Below a critical atom number,
, only the lowest transverse vibrational state of a highly anisotropic
oblate trapping potential is occupied and the gas is two-dimensional. Above
the Fermi gas enters the quasi-2D regime where shell structure
associated with the filling of individual transverse oscillator states is
apparent. This dimensional crossover is demonstrated through measurements of
the cloud size and aspect ratio versus atom number.Comment: Replaced with published manuscrip
Quantum anomaly and 2D-3D crossover in strongly interacting Fermi gases
We present an experimental investigation of collective oscillations in
harmonically trapped Fermi gases through the crossover from two to three
dimensions. Specifically, we measure the frequency of the radial monopole or
breathing mode as a function of dimensionality in Fermi gases with tunable
interactions. The frequency of this mode is set by the adiabatic
compressibility and probes the thermodynamic equation of state. In 2D, a
dynamical scaling symmetry for atoms interacting via a {\delta}-potential
predicts the breathing mode to occur at exactly twice the harmonic confinement
frequency. However, a renormalized quantum treatment introduces a new length
scale which breaks this classical scale invariance resulting in a so-called
quantum anomaly. Our measurements deep in the 2D regime lie above the
scale-invariant prediction for a range of interaction strengths indicating the
breakdown of a {\delta}-potential model for atomic interactions. As the
dimensionality is tuned from 2D to 3D we see the breathing oscillation
frequency evolve smoothly towards the 3D limit.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Robust Upward Dispersion of the Neutron Spin Resonance in the Heavy Fermion Superconductor CeYbCoIn
The neutron spin resonance is a collective magnetic excitation that appears
in copper oxide, iron pnictide, and heavy fermion unconventional
superconductors. Although the resonance is commonly associated with a
spin-exciton due to the ()-wave symmetry of the superconducting
order parameter, it has also been proposed to be a magnon-like excitation
appearing in the superconducting state. Here we use inelastic neutron
scattering to demonstrate that the resonance in the heavy fermion
superconductor CeYbCoIn with has a ring-like
upward dispersion that is robust against Yb-doping. By comparing our
experimental data with random phase approximation calculation using the
electronic structure and the momentum dependence of the -wave
superconducting gap determined from scanning tunneling microscopy for
CeCoIn, we conclude the robust upward dispersing resonance mode in
CeYbCoIn is inconsistent with the downward dispersion
predicted within the spin-exciton scenario.Comment: Supplementary Information available upon reques
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Magnetic Measurements of the 5 Meter QC Series Quadrupoles at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
A new method for the solution of the Schrodinger equation
We present a new method for the solution of the Schrodinger equation
applicable to problems of non-perturbative nature. The method works by
identifying three different scales in the problem, which then are treated
independently: An asymptotic scale, which depends uniquely on the form of the
potential at large distances; an intermediate scale, still characterized by an
exponential decay of the wave function and, finally, a short distance scale, in
which the wave function is sizable. The key feature of our method is the
introduction of an arbitrary parameter in the last two scales, which is then
used to optimize a perturbative expansion in a suitable parameter. We apply the
method to the quantum anharmonic oscillator and find excellent results.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTex
A self-interacting partially directed walk subject to a force
We consider a directed walk model of a homopolymer (in two dimensions) which
is self-interacting and can undergo a collapse transition, subject to an
applied tensile force. We review and interpret all the results already in the
literature concerning the case where this force is in the preferred direction
of the walk. We consider the force extension curves at different temperatures
as well as the critical-force temperature curve. We demonstrate that this model
can be analysed rigorously for all key quantities of interest even when there
may not be explicit expressions for these quantities available. We show which
of the techniques available can be extended to the full model, where the force
has components in the preferred direction and the direction perpendicular to
this. Whilst the solution of the generating function is available, its analysis
is far more complicated and not all the rigorous techniques are available.
However, many results can be extracted including the location of the critical
point which gives the general critical-force temperature curve. Lastly, we
generalise the model to a three-dimensional analogue and show that several key
properties can be analysed if the force is restricted to the plane of preferred
directions.Comment: 35 pages, 14 figure
Asymptotic analysis for singularly perturbed convection-diffusion equations with a turning point
Turning points occur in many circumstances in fluid mechanics. When the viscosity is small, very complex phenomena can occur near turning points, which are not yet well understood. A model problem, corresponding to a linear convection-diffusion equation (e.g., suitable linearization of the Navier-Stokes or B́nard convection equations) is considered. Our analysis shows the diversity and complexity of behaviors and boundary or interior layers which already appear for our equations simpler than the Navier-Stokes or B́nard convection equations. Of course the diversity and complexity of these structures will have to be taken into consideration for the study of the nonlinear problems. In our case, at this stage, the full theoretical (asymptotic) analysis is provided. This study is totally new to the best of our knowledge. Numerical treatment and more complex problems will be considered elsewhere.open91
Calculation of valence electron momentum densities using the projector augmented-wave method
We present valence electron Compton profiles calculated within the
density-functional theory using the all-electron full-potential projector
augmented-wave method (PAW). Our results for covalent (Si), metallic (Li, Al)
and hydrogen-bonded ((H_2O)_2) systems agree well with experiments and
computational results obtained with other band-structure and basis set schemes.
The PAW basis set describes the high-momentum Fourier components of the valence
wave functions accurately when compared with other basis set schemes and
previous all-electron calculations.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids on September
17 2004. Revised version submitted on December 13 200
Higgs oscillations in a unitary Fermi superfluid
Symmetry-breaking phase transitions are central to our understanding of
states of matter. When a continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken, new
excitations appear that are tied to fluctuations of the order parameter. In
superconductors and fermionic superfluids, the phase and amplitude can
fluctuate independently, giving rise to two distinct collective branches.
However, amplitude fluctuations are difficult to both generate and measure, as
they do not couple directly to the density of fermions and have only been
observed indirectly to date. Here, we excite amplitude oscillations in an
atomic Fermi gas with resonant interactions by an interaction quench.
Exploiting the sensitivity of Bragg spectroscopy to the amplitude of the order
parameter, we measure the time-resolved response of the atom cloud, directly
revealing amplitude oscillations at twice the frequency of the gap. The
magnitude of the oscillatory response shows a strong temperature dependence,
and the oscillations appear to decay faster than predicted by time-dependent
BCS theory applied to our experimental setup
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