Statistical analysis of agronomical factors and weather conditions influencing deoxynivalenol levels in oats in Scandinavia

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Hoitotyön esimiesten rooli näyttöön perustuvan toiminnan johtamisessa

Tiivistelmä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, millainen rooli hoitotyön esimiehillä on näyttöön perustuvan toiminnan johtamisessa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kuvailla hoitotyön esimiesten roolin vaikutusta näyttöön perustuvan toiminnan johtamisessa. Työ on luonteeltaan kirjallisuuskatsaus. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen aineiston tiedonhaku suoritettiin neljään tietokantaan: CINAHL, Scopus, Medic ja Proquest. Sisäänottokriteerien perusteella lopulliseen kirjallisuuskatsaukseen valikoitui kuusi kansainvälistä, vertaisarvioitua tutkimusta. Aineisto luokiteltiin aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysillä. Tutkimustulokset tuovat ilmi näyttöön perustuvaa toimintaa edistäviä hoitotyön esimiesten rooleja, joita ovat: roolimallina toiminen, asiantuntijuus, vuorovaikutustaidot ja asenteet. Näyttöön perustuvaa toimintaa estäviksi hoitotyön esimiesten rooleiksi muodostui tulosten perusteella: osaamattomuus, asenteet ja ajankäyttötaidot. Lisäksi kaikista kirjallisuuskatsaukseen mukaan otetuista tutkimuksista nousi esille kulttuurin merkitys hoitotyön esimiehen rooliin ja kulttuurin vaikutus näyttöön perustuvan toiminnan toteutumiseen toimintaympäristössään. Katsauksen mukaan hoitotyön esimiehellä on hyvin monitahoinen rooli näyttöön perustuvan toiminnan johtamisessa. Tutkimuksesta saatua tietoa voidaan hyödyntää tunnistamalla erilaisia hoitotyön esimiesten rooleja näyttöön perustuvan toiminnan käyttöönotossa ja toteutuksessa. Lisäksi tietoa voidaan hyödyntää kehitettäessä toimintaympäristön kulttuuria

Predicting the Properties of Industrially Produced Oat Flours by the Characteristics of Native Oat Grains or Non-Heat-Treated Groats

The aim of this study was to determine whether the properties of the native oat grain or non-heat-treated groats (laboratory-scale dehulling) can be used to predict the quality of the industrially produced oat flour produced from heat-treated groats. Quality properties such as the color, hectoliter weight, thousand seed weight and hull content of Finnish native grains (n = 30) were determined. Furthermore, the relationship between the properties of the native grains and the chemical composition of the raw oat materials before and after the milling process were studied. A significant relationship (p < 0.01) was observed between the thousand seed weight of the native oat groats and the chemical composition of the industrially produced oat flour. Furthermore, the protein content of the native grains measured by NIT correlated with the chemical composition of the oat flours. These results suggest that the properties of oat flour produced on an industrial scale, including heat treatment, could be predicted based on the properties of native oat grains

Europium-based high-temperature superconductors studied by x-ray diffraction and 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy

Isotropic powders and magnetically aligned crystallites of EuBa2Cu3O7−δ (1:2:3) and europium-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (2:2:1:2) were studied by means of x-ray diffraction and Eu151 Mössbauer spectroscopy. The degree of crystallite orientation of the samples and the values of the lattice constants were determined by x-ray diffraction. The Mössbauer spectra were analyzed considering the full hyperfine Hamiltonian of the nuclear states of the 21.5-keV γ transition. The Mössbauer hyperfine parameters obtained from the superconducting and semiconducting phases are presented. A small change is seen in the Eu151 isomer shift when the oxygen deficiency δ of the 1:2:3 compound is varied. The shift can be explained by a decrease in the s-electron density due to lattice expansion. The changes in the oxidation state of the copper atoms with varying δ were determined from the Mössbauer data: The Cu(2) atoms retain their oxidation state, whereas the Cu(1) atoms adjust their valence according to the value of δ. In the 2:2:1:2 samples, the Eu concentration clearly affected the value of the electric-field gradient at the Eu nucleus. Using a standard procedure, magnetically aligned 2:2:1:2 samples were prepared. The preferred direction of the crystal c axis changed from parallel to perpendicular alignment with the external magnetic field, when the Eu concentration exceeded 20% of the Ca atoms.Peer reviewe

Predicting the Properties of Industrially Produced Oat Flours by the Characteristics of Native Oat Grains or Non-Heat-Treated Groats

The aim of this study was to determine whether the properties of the native oat grain or non-heat-treated groats (laboratory-scale dehulling) can be used to predict the quality of the industrially produced oat flour produced from heat-treated groats. Quality properties such as the color, hectoliter weight, thousand seed weight and hull content of Finnish native grains (n = 30) were determined. Furthermore, the relationship between the properties of the native grains and the chemical composition of the raw oat materials before and after the milling process were studied. A significant relationship (p < 0.01) was observed between the thousand seed weight of the native oat groats and the chemical composition of the industrially produced oat flour. Furthermore, the protein content of the native grains measured by NIT correlated with the chemical composition of the oat flours. These results suggest that the properties of oat flour produced on an industrial scale, including heat treatment, could be predicted based on the properties of native oat grains

Different grain grinding methods affect detection of Fusarium graminearum DNA and mycotoxins

Fusarium graminearum is the most important deoxynivalenol (DON) producing species in northern Europe and Asia. The highest DON levels in Finland have been found in oat grain, and DNA levels of F. graminearum are in agreement with DON levels, when DON is measured by accredited GC-MS. In addition to DON, 3ADON is present in Finnish grain samples. Large variations in DON content and amounts of F graminearum DNA, and poor coefficient of determination (R-2) between these, have been detected in oat grain when the RIDA (R) QUICKSCAN kit results for DON content have been used. This study confirmed that the coefficient of determination was usually less when DNA or DON were extracted from oat flour, which was not ground with 0.8 mm or 1 mm sieves. DON levels obtained with the Rida Quick method were usually higher than those obtained with accredited GC-MS in Finnish oat, barley and wheat samples. The homogenization of the oat flour by sieving is therefore likely to be connected to the variations in DON detection. Amounts of F graminearum DNA and DON close to legislative limits should be reconfirmed with accredited quantitative analyses

Exposure of Kenyan population to aflatoxins in foods with special reference to Nandi and Makueni counties

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Predicting the properties of industrially produced oat flours by the characteristics of native oat grains or non-heat-treated groats

The aim of this study was to determine whether the properties of the native oat grain or non-heat-treated groats (laboratory-scale dehulling) can be used to predict the quality of the industrially produced oat flour produced from heat-treated groats. Quality properties such as the color, hectoliter weight, thousand seed weight and hull content of Finnish native grains (n = 30) were determined. Furthermore, the relationship between the properties of the native grains and the chemical composition of the raw oat materials before and after the milling process were studied. A significant relationship (p View Full-TextKeywords: oats; quality; processing; color; composition; NIT</p

Knee arthroscopy and exercise versus exercise only for chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Arthroscopy is often used to treat patients with chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). As there is a lack of evidence, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy of arthroscopy in patients with chronic PFPS.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 56 patients with chronic PFPS were randomized into two treatment groups: an <it>arthroscopy group </it>(<it>N </it>= 28), treated with knee arthroscopy and an 8-week home exercise program, and a <it>control group </it>(<it>N </it>= 28), treated with the 8-week home exercise program only. The arthroscopy included finding-specific surgical procedures according to current recommendations. The primary outcome was the Kujala score on patellofemoral pain and function at 9 months following randomization. Secondary outcomes were visual analog scales (VASs) to assess activity-related symptoms. We also estimated the direct healthcare costs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both groups showed marked improvement during the follow-up. The mean improvement in the Kujala score was 12.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.2–17.6) in the arthroscopy group and 11.4 (95% CI 6.9–15.8) in the control group. However, there was no difference between the groups in mean improvement in the Kujala score (group difference 1.1 (95% CI -7.4 - 5.2)) or in any of the VAS scores. Total direct healthcare costs in the arthroscopy group were estimated to exceed on average those of the control group by €901 per patient (<it>p </it>< 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this controlled trial involving patients with chronic PFPS, the outcome when arthroscopy was used in addition to a home exercise program was no better than when the home exercise program was used alone.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN 41800323</p

Characterization of a rat osteotomy model with impaired healing

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Delayed union or nonunion are frequent and feared complications in fracture treatment. Animal models of impaired bone healing are rare. Moreover, specific descriptions are limited although understanding of the biological course of pathogenesis of fracture nonunion is essential for therapeutic approaches.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A rat tibial osteotomy model with subsequent intramedullary stabilization was performed. The healing progress of the osteotomy model was compared to a previously described closed fracture model. Histological analyses, biomechanical testing and radiological screening were undertaken during the observation period of 84 days (d) to verify the status of the healing process. In this context, particular attention was paid to a comparison of bone slices by histological and immunohistological (IHC) methods at early points in time, <it>i.e</it>. at 5 and 10 d post bone defect.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In contrast to the closed fracture technique osteotomy led to delayed union or nonunion until 84 d post intervention. The dimensions of whole reactive callus and the amounts of vessels in defined regions of the callus differed significantly between osteotomized and fractured animals at 10 d post surgery. A lower fraction of newly formed bone and cartilaginous tissue was obvious during this period in osteotomized animals and more inflammatory cells were observed in the callus. Newly formed bone tissue accumulated slowly on the anterior tibial side with both techniques. New formation of reparative cartilage was obviously inhibited on the anterior side, the surgical approach side, in osteotomized animals only.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Tibial osteotomy with intramedullary stabilisation in rats leads to pronounced delayed union and nonunion until 84 d post intervention. The early onset of this delay can already be detected histologically within 10 d post surgery. Moreover, the osteotomy technique is associated with cellular and vascular signs of persistent inflammation within the first 10 d after bone defect and may be a contributory factor to impaired healing. The model would be excellent to test agents to promote fracture healing.</p