Hhttp://www.rinace.net/reice/numeros/arts/vol8num5/art2.pdf

Para que los procesos de mejora puedan desarrollarse efectivamente deben darse ciertas condiciones según ha puesto de manifiesto la investigación sobre eficacia y mejora de instituciones educativas. Ainscow y colaboradores han identificado seis condiciones institucionales para la mejora. Se trata de procesos que suelen estar presentes antes y durante el desarrollo de los esfuerzos de mejora. Para explorar la presencia o ausencia de dichos procesos aplicamos un cuestionario al profesorado de los 45 centros participantes en el Plan de Evaluación de Centros Docentes de Canarias que incluía la escala de Ainscow y col. (2001), así como una ficha de recogida de información sobre los planes de mejora. Los centros presentan situaciones muy diversas respecto a las condiciones para la mejora pero hubo centros en los que estaban presentes todas las condiciones. La coordinación docente, y la formulación de preguntas y reflexión fueron las condiciones más presentes en los centros según el profesorado mientras que la participación y la formación permanente fueron las condiciones menos frecuentes. Además, el liderazgo pedagógico, condición clave, la reúnen aquellos centros con cuatro o más condiciones para la mejora. En conclusión, las seis condiciones institucionales para la mejora señaladas pueden considerarse parte del inventario de procesos que intervienen en la mejora de instituciones educativas aunque algunas parezcan estar más presentes que otras en los centros analizado

Design and Control Properties of Arrangements for Distillation of Four Component Mixtures Using Less Than N-1 Columns

The design and study of dynamic properties of distillation sequences using side-stream columns with less than N-1 columns for separation of four-component mixtures were studied. Total annual cost and dynamic properties (using singular value decomposition) were used to compare properties of arrangements with less than N-1 columns to base cases with three columns (conventional case). Quaternary feeds containing four hydrocarbons were analyzed. For systems with low concentrations of one component in the feed, side-stream cascades often show significantly lower operating, capital costs and best dynamic properties compared to the base cases. Low purity requirements also favor side-stream cascades. Some rules are presented to predict which sequence will have the lowest energy consumption capital cost and better dynamic properties

Application of Newton–Raphson Method for Computing the Final Air–Water Interface Location in a Pipe Water Filling

The estimation of thermodynamic behavior during filling processes with entrapped air in water pipelines is a complex task as it requires solving a system of algebraic-differential equations. A lot of different numerical methods have been used for this purpose in literature including the rigid water column (RWC) model. The main advantage of the RWC model is its acceptable accuracy with very low computational load. In that context, this research presents the computation of critical points of the physical equations that describe the phenomenon. These points provide information about the final position of the air–water interface. The Newton–Raphson method was then applied to obtain a unique equation that can be used by engineers to directly compute variables such as air pocket pressure and water column length at the end of the hydraulic event. A case study was analyzed to compare the results of the mathematical model with the obtained equation for computing critical points. Both methods provided the same values for the water column length at the end of the hydraulic event. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify dependent and non-dependent parameters for evaluating the critical points. The proposed formulation was validated through an experimental set of data. © 2023 by the authors

An implicit formulation for calculating final conditions in drainage maneuvers in pressurized water installations

[EN] Emptying processes are typical maneuvers that should be performed by water distribution companies for operation purposes. These processes involve a complex numerical analysis, since a set of algebraic and ordinary differential equations needs to be solved for the intricacy of hydraulic and thermodynamic formulations for two analyzed phases (liquid and gas). This research provides an implicit equation to compute exactly the final conditions in water emptying operations in single pipelines without an air valve (or admitted air). The implicit expression was developed by considering that for all final conditions, the water velocity is null, and thus, the water column length and air pocket pressure can be computed. The friction factor, internal pipe diameter, and opening maneuvers of drain valves do not disturb the final conditions in draining processes. The developed implicit formulation was validated using experimental measurements in a pipeline with a total length of 4.36 m. The equation is of utmost importance, since it can be utilized for engineers to easily plan for future conditions in water distribution networks.This research was funded by the Escuela Naval de Cadetes "Almirante Padilla"-Armada de Colombia with the financial support of the ARC-Minciencias for the project entitled "Console Prototype of engineering in virtual reality and simulation in the training of crew members in emergency procedures" with grant number 75926.Coronado-Hernández, OE.; Bonilla-Correa, DM.; Lovo, A.; Fuertes-Miquel, VS.; Gatica, G.; Linfati, R.; Coronado-Hernández, JR. (2022). An implicit formulation for calculating final conditions in drainage maneuvers in pressurized water installations. Water. 14(21):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213364113142

Design and Control Properties of Arrangements for Distillation of Four Component Mixtures Using Less Than N-1 Columns

The design and study of dynamic properties of distillation sequences using side-stream columns with less than N-1 columns for separation of four-component mixtures were studied. Total annual cost and dynamic properties (using singular value decomposition) were used to compare properties of arrangements with less than N-1 columns to base cases with three columns (conventional case). Quaternary feeds containing four hydrocarbons were analyzed. For systems with low concentrations of one component in the feed, side-stream cascades often show significantly lower operating, capital costs and best dynamic properties compared to the base cases. Low purity requirements also favor side-stream cascades. Some rules are presented to predict which sequence will have the lowest energy consumption capital cost and better dynamic properties

Rapid Intensity Decrease During the Second Half of the First Millennium BCE in Central Asia and Global Implications

Recent paleomagnetic studies have shown that important short-lived intensity fluctuations occurred during the first millennium BCE. However, the knowledge of the spatial and temporal extension of these features is still limited by the scarce availability of robust data. In this study we focus on the study of the intensity decrease that took place in Central Asia during the second half of the 1st millennium BCE after the high intensities that characterized the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly. Since previous archeointensities available for this period and region were obtained without accomplishing modern standards of quality, we present here new archeointensities that are derived from classical Thellier and Thellier experiments, including partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) checks, thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) anisotropy and cooling rate corrections at the specimen level. The new 51 archeointensities, together with previous archeointensities, have been used to present a new local paleosecular variation curve for Central Asia. The results confirm the existence of an important geomagnetic field intensity decrease in South Uzbekistan from the 4th century BCE to the end of the 1st century BCE associated with rates of changes up to −15 μT/century. A critical analysis of the archeointensity global database indicates that this feature was present at continental scale, from Western Europe to Central Asia. However, this trend is not identified in other regions such as Japan or Mexico. Finally, the comparison with the dipole moment derived from recent global geomagnetic field reconstructions suggests a strong influence of non-dipolar sources upon this continental intensity feature.Financial support was given by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation thorough the projects CERAC (HAR2016-75133-C3-1-P), CONCERAC (HAR2016-75133-C3-3-P), SPYKE (CGL2017-87015-P), SÚMATE (PID2020-113316GB-I00) and PULSES 5.K (PID2020-117105RB-I00). R. Bonilla-Alba thanks the FPI fellowship (PRE2018-085949) associated with the SPYKE project. This study has been also funded by the Ramón y Cajal program (contracts of M. Gómez-Paccard and V. Martínez-Ferreras, refs. RYC-2013-14405 and RYC-2014-15789). The authors wish to acknowledge the professional support of the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform Open Heritage: Research and Society (PTI-PAIS). E. Beamud thanks the Geomodels Research Institute (UB) and the Grup de Geodinàmica i Anàlisi de Conques-2017SGR596 (Generalitat de Catalunya). A. Palencia-Ortas thanks the PTA contract of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Rapid Intensity Decrease During the Second Half of the First Millennium BCE in Central Asia and Global Implications

Recent paleomagnetic studies have shown that important short-lived intensity fluctuations occurred during the first millennium BCE. However, the knowledge of the spatial and temporal extension of these features is still limited by the scarce availability of robust data. In this study we focus on the study of the intensity decrease that took place in Central Asia during the second half of the 1st millennium BCE after the high intensities that characterized the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly. Since previous archeointensities available for this period and region were obtained without accomplishing modern standards of quality, we present here new archeointensities that are derived from classical Thellier and Thellier experiments, including partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) checks, thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) anisotropy and cooling rate corrections at the specimen level. The new 51 archeointensities, together with previous archeointensities, have been used to present a new local paleosecular variation curve for Central Asia. The results confirm the existence of an important geomagnetic field intensity decrease in South Uzbekistan from the 4th century BCE to the end of the 1st century BCE associated with rates of changes up to −15 μT/century. A critical analysis of the archeointensity global database indicates that this feature was present at continental scale, from Western Europe to Central Asia. However, this trend is not identified in other regions such as Japan or Mexico. Finally, the comparison with the dipole moment derived from recent global geomagnetic field reconstructions suggests a strong influence of non-dipolar sources upon this continental intensity feature

Burden of Respiratory Failure in Pediatric Patients: Analysis of a Prospective Multicenter Cohort in Bogotá, Colombia

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The approach to the burden of disease is a demographic, economic, and a health problem, which requires the design and application of specific measures of cost of the disease, such as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), to establish better public health policies in the pediatric population. The aim of this study is to approach the burden of disease in children with acute respiratory failure (ARF) through the calculation of DALYs. METHODS: This study was conducted in the framework of a prospective, multicenter cohort in Bogotá, Colombia. Inclusion criteria were all pediatric patients admitted to the emergency department, hospitalization, and intensive care unit with respiratory distress; eligible patients were all those who developed ARF between April 2020 and December 2021. They were followed-up during hospitalization, at 30 and 60 days after admission. The Infant/Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire and KIDSCREEN quality of life scales were applied for follow-up according to the age group. The results were used to calculate DALYs. RESULTS: Six hundred and eighty-five eligible patients, 296 (43.08%) developed ARF, of these 22 (6.08%) patients died (mortality rate = 7.43%). The total DALYs was 277.164 years. For younger than 9 years, the DALYs were 302.64 years, while for older than 10 years were 40.49 years. CONCLUSION: ARF is one of the main causes of preventable mortality in pediatrics, its progression to respiratory failure is a highly prevalent condition in pediatric age, a condition that has a great impact on mortality, morbidity, and disability in our patients

Percepción de autoeficacia vs. rechazo del uso del condón en las prácticas sexuales de mujeres y hombres jóvenes/Self-efficacy perception vs. rejection of condom use in the sexual practices of young women and men.

En las relaciones sexuales de jóvenes, las variables asociadas al uso del condón son diversas y comúnmente se presentan con otras variables que, a su vez, se asocian con la práctica sexual desprotegida. Los objetivos de este estudio consistieron en determinar en qué medida la percepción de auto eficacia, la baja percepción de riesgo y el rechazo del uso del condón se relacionan con el uso del condón en las relaciones sexuales de jóvenes colombianos. Participaron en él 308 estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia. Los resultados indican correlaciones significativas en hombres entre el uso del condón y la percepción de auto eficacia, y correlaciones negativas en mujeres entre el uso del condón, la baja percepción de riesgo y el rechazo del uso del condón. Solo en el grupo de hombres, la percepción de autoeficacia predice el uso del condón